INTERNATIONAL SEED TESTING ASSOCIATION (ISTA) ISTA Annual Meeting, Zürich June 16, 2009

Transcription

1 ISTA Forest Tree and Shrub Seed Committee ISTA Annual Meeting, Zürich June 16, 2009

2 Chair Zdenka Prochazkova Czech Republic GER A Vice-chair Fabio Gorian Italy STO A Members Isolde D. Kossmann Ferraz Brazil Kari Fiedler United States GER A Elena Foffova Slovakia A Peter G. Gosling United Kingdom Robert P. Karrfalt United States A Dave Kolotelo Canada TSWG NA Stefanie Krämer Germany TEZ A Antonio Medeiros Beti Piotto Brazil Italy Hugh W. Pritchard United Kingdom STO NA Heidi Røsok Bye Norway NA Moctar Sacande United Kingdom Dale Simpson Canada TSWG NA Victor Vankus United States AOSA A

3 A. Rules Development Comparative tetrazolium tests of Abies Germination protocol for seeds of Jatropha curcas Germination protocol for palm seeds C. Workshop and Seminar Trees, Seeds and a Changing Climate OECD Forest Scheme Meeting Comparative tests of Abies germination Proficiency tests Jatropha curcas validation study (BSC, PUR, GER, TEZ, MOI) Sample preparation of large seeds (TSW > 200 g) (MOI) Determination of water activity (MOI)

4 Comparative tetrazolium tests of Abies TEZ - important test used for rapid assessment of viability, especially of dormant tree and shrub seeds ISTA Rules Table 6A, Part II Different methods of seed preparation are given for the seeds of many forest tree and shrub species. Each laboratory is permitted to choose the most appropriate p method for the seed species being tested.

5 Comparative tests of Abies alba No Pretreatment: type/ min. time (h) Preparation before staining 1 W / 18 Cut transversally at both ends to open embryo cavity 2 W / 18 Cut longitudinally beside embryo 3 Prepare the dry seeds Cut transversally at both ends to open embryo cavity Treat TZ imbibed seeds 3 x with low pressure (optional) 4 Prepare the dry seeds Cut longitudinally at both ends to open embryo cavity Treat TZ imbibed seeds 3 x with low pressure (optional) Substrate Temperature ( C) First count (d) Final count (d) Additional information TP Prechill 21 d at 3 5 C

6 WHY Comparative tests of Abies alba to improve specifications related to alternative methods by getting more data from accredited / non-accredited laboratories and monitoring results achieved by different methods HOW to compare two methods used for determination of Abies seed viability i) seed soaking before preparation ( wet ) ii) no seed soaking before preparation / low pressure treatment ( dry ) to determine germination.

7 Comparative tests of Abies alba Seeds - ITML06, Laboratorio Analisi Sementi Forestali, Peri, Italy 19 labs participated (7 ISTA accredited/ 12 volunteers) 15 countries (AUT, CAN, CZ, DE, FI, FR, HR, HU, IT, LAT, LIT, POL, SK, SPA, US) 9 labs no experience with Abies (5 ISTA labs)

8 Comparative tests of Abies alba Number of laboratories No Pretreatment Accredited Volunteer Total 1 Wet seeds / cut transversally Wet seeds / cut longitudinally Dryy seeds/ cut transversally Dry seeds/ cut longitudinally Dry seeds/ cut transversally / low pressure 2 1 3

9 Comparative tests of Abies alba Viability - results VIABILITY (%) Accredited Volunteer Wet seeds / cut transversally Wet seeds / cut longitudinally Dry seeds/ cut transversally Dry seeds/ cut longitudinally Dry seeds/ cut transversally / low pressure

10 Comparative tests of Abies alba Germination - results ) GER RMINATION (%) Accredited Volunteer Normal Abnormal Fresh Empty + insect

11 Comparative tests of Abies alba Viability + Germination results ty / germination (% %) viabilit Wet seeds / cut transversally Wet seeds / cut longitudinally Dry seeds/ cut transversally Dry seeds/ cut longitudinally Dry seeds/ cut transversally / low pressure Germination Accredited Volunteer

12 Comments Staining Comparative tests of Abies alba VIABILITY Recommended (optimal) time: 12 / 18 h In practice: h Nearly impossible to evaluate viability without any previous training Very difficult to properly assess the seed using the methods recommended in the Rules. Not sufficient penetration to stain the tissue that needed to be assessed. By cutting transversely at both ends the tip of the radicle may be damaged, any necrosis at the radicle tip could be removed or be difficult to assess

13 Comparative tests of Abies alba GERMINATION Comments How to classify seeds with the primary root + hypocotyl together < 4x the length of the seed even after extended test period? Fresh seeds after extended test period (up to 56 d)

14 Jatropha curcas Barbados nut or Physic nut Euphorbiaceae Seeds contain 30% oil Origin - Central America a high-quality biodiesel Planted in tropical / subtropical Asia and Africa

15 WHAT IS KNOWN? PSD not defined yet Jatropha curcas 1000 Seed Weight = 531 g (RBG Kew) 2500 seeds (Working sample) = 1330 g Submitted sample = 2660 g Germination The seeds germinate easy (7-14 d) in organic mix soil with good moisture. The high h quality viable seeds have germination rate 90%. The (orthodox) seeds stay viable for up to 12 months (air-tight containers, MC 5-7%) but the germination rate may drop to 80% after 6 months. Viability Kak, A. et al. Assessment of viability of Jatropha curcas L. seeds using the tetrazolium test, SST 37 (2009):

16 Germination protocol for seeds of Jatropha curcas Charlotte Seal, Suzy Wood, Hugh Pritchard Four replicates of 100 seeds (MC 8.7%) sown onto 1% agar Incubation at 15, 20, 25, 30 or 35 C (8h light/16 h dark and a light) Seeds were scored for germination three times a week (the length of the radicle was equal to the length of the seed) No further germination was observed after 45 days

17 Germination protocol for seeds of Jatropha curcas Charlotte Seal, Suzy Wood, Hugh Pritchard Results Temperature ( C) Germination (%) ± std MTG* (days) ± std ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±

18 Germination protocol for palm seeds Charlotte Seal, Suzy Wood, Hugh Pritchard Palm seeds of 14 species mainly purchased from a commercial source Seeds sown onto 1% agar in plastic sandwich boxes (20 25 seeds), incubation at 30 C, 8h light/16 h dark Seeds were scored as germinated when the radicle was clearly visible

19 Germination protocol for palm seeds Charlotte Seal, Suzy Wood, Hugh Pritchard Species Germination (%) MTG (days) Latania loddigesii Iriartea deltoidea Latania verschaffeltii Oenocarpus bataua Oenocarpus mapora Orania sylvicola Tahina spectabilis Basselinia gracilis Burretiokentia hapala Dictyosperma album Phoenix dactylifera Pinanga coronata Pritchardia pacifica Rhopaloblaste augusta 64 9

20 C. Workshop and Seminar Trees, Seeds and a Changing Climate September 2008 Organised by: Hugh W. Pritchard, Matt Daws, Kate Hardwick (Royal Botanic Gardens Kew) Attended by: 40 delegates from Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Italy, Poland, RSA, Taiwan, UK Main sponsors: International Union of Forest Research Organisations (IUFRO), the International Tree Foundation (ITF), the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew and the University it of Sussex International Tree Foundation Supported by: ISTA, Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI)

21 Trees, Seeds and a Changing Climate Programme (22 papers and 2 posters) CLIMATE CHANGE: PREDICTED AND OBSERVED IMPACTS FOREST FRAGMENTATION AND RESTORATION TREE SEED SCIENCE Guided tours of the Wellcome Trust Millennium Building. A chance to look behind the scenes at the science and facilities of the Seed Conservation Department, including the world-leading conservation work of the Millennium Seed Bank Project

22 OECD Forest Scheme Meeting Kigali (Rwanda) October, 6 8, 2008 Fabio Gorian Tuesday, 6 th Technical Working Groups (TWGs) Wednesday, 7 th and Thursday, 8 th Forest Scheme Annual meeting

23 Technical Working Groups (TWG) 1. Development of a relevant and moreup to date database 2. Development of common definitions 3. Adaptation of the OECD forest scheme to the tropical countries 4. Short rotation plantation for bioenergy and agro forestry and shrub species 5. Proposal on how to deal with the category Qualified

24 OECD Forest Scheme Annual meeting 1. Presentation and evaluation of the TCOMs decisions 2. Evaluation of countries proposal for accession to the Forest Scheme 3. Update on both statistics and implementation of the 2007 Forest Scheme in members countries

25 Field trips Butare: Arboretum of Ruhande and the National Tree Seed Centre (Centrale des Graines Forestières) More than 200 tree species Nyungwe National Park The park is one of the richest ecosystems in the region in terms of biodiversity

26 Camargo, J. L. C.; I. D. K. Ferraz, M. R. Mesquita, B. S. Almeida, H. Brum Propágulos e Plântulas da Amazonia. Volume 1. ISBN Editora INPA, Manaus. 168p.

27 Activities Comparative tests of Abies germination 2. Proficiency tests 3. Jatropha curcas validation study (BSC, PUR, GER, TEZ, MOI) 4. Sample preparation of large seeds (TSW > 200 g) (MOI) 5. Determination of water activity (MOI)??

28 Comparative tests of Abies germination Vic Vankus Survey of priorities or need of FTS members regarding current Abies germination methods planned. Results from Abies alba comparative test on TEZ and germination will also be used to assess degree of uniformity in testing between laboratories and can be used for developing comparative germination tests of additional Abies species. Plan should be finalized and tests started by summer 2009.

29 Proficiency tests The preliminary round is going gto start in 2009 Pinus sylvestris purity, 1000 weight, germination

30 Jatropha curcas validation study (BSC, PUR, GER, TEZ, MOI) Sample preparation of large seeds (TSW > 200 g) (MOI) Determination of water activity (MOI)

31 Measurement of water activity on forest tree seeds : an efficient tool for seed bank management Patrick BALDET (Cemagref, France) Fabienne COLAS (Direction de la recherche forestière, MRNF, Québec) Michèle BETTEZ (Centre de semences forestières de Berthier, MRNF, Québec) June 14 th ISTA FTS Workshop Verona

32 Many thanks to all active FTS members to ISTA Secretariat Thanks for your kind attention