BEGINNINGS: Political essentials and foundational ideas
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1 BEGINNINGS: Political essentials and foundational ideas
2
3 1690 LOCKE S TWO TREATISES ON GOVERNMENT STATE: Man has three things in nature: Life, Liberty & Property which can never be taken away or given up by individuals (inalienable) ***THE SOCIAL CONTRACT was between people and the sovereign (king) The sovereign was required to protect these rights; failure to do so meant the people had the right to replace him
4 LIFE UNDER BRITISH RULE INHERENT LIBERTIES AS BRITISH CITIZENS I. A fair trial before an independent judge II. Property rights III. Free trade without undue government interference IV. The right to not pay taxes to the British government since colonists weren t represented in parliament
5 Why did it start to go bad? -English Constitution (There wasn t one really ) Collection of laws, charters and tradition that was thought to protect the liberties of British subjects. Small violations of liberties by the British government snowballed (You can t get a little bit pregnant)
6 Political Corruption Many colonists viewed English politicians as corrupt. This self-interest and greed led to abuse of power.
7 What it was REALLY about I. Life, Liberty and Property existed before government, so government must respect it. II. Legitimate government power comes from a mandate of the people (Popular Sovereignty). III. The Legislative Branch must be superior to the Executive Branch.
8 FOUNDATIONAL PRINCIPLES LIMITED GOVERNMENT -Government power restricted by a constitution RULE OF LAW -The state is governed by law, not the arbitrary decisions of individuals-not matter how benevolent the intention. -FEDERALISM -Government power is divided between states and the central government to safeguard against tyranny.
9 FOUNDATIONAL PRINCIPLES ***SEPERATION OF POWERS/CHECKS & BALANCES -The three branches are all given specific powers that can be reigned-in by the other branches; this includes the popular will. ***LEGISLATIVE SUPREMACY -The direct representatives of the people shall be the dominant branch.
10 Articles of Confederation America s first constitution ***CONFEDERATION: System where government power is shared by states united by a common cause. ***UNITARY SYSTEM: System where government power is concentrated at the national level. The framers feared the concentration of government power after their experience with Britain. A confederation allows for local government, reflecting local ways of life and focusing on local issues. WHY DID IT FAIL?
11 I. MONEY PROBLEMS The United States did not have a common currency. Americans carried money from the federal government, state government, and foreign nations.
12 Merchants stopped accepting money from outside of their own state, causing a lot of money to become worthless. Results in MASSIVE INFLATION
13 II. NO REVENUE (TAX) POWER Congress could not tax the people and depended on money from the states. Result: U.S. was unable to pay its debts! Examples: -The U.S. owed money to France, Holland, and Spain for loans made during the Revolutionary War. -- The U.S. had not paid many of their own soldiers!
14 III. NO NATIONAL UNITY States acted as individual countries and seldom agreed. Example: - Connecticut and Virginia almost went to war over land claims!
15 IV. Courts (Judicial Branch) The nation lacked a national court system, only state courts. -No standard of justice -No way to settle grievances between states
16 V. President (Executive Branch) The nation did not have a Chief Executive, only a president elected by Congress. -No leadership John Hanson 1 ST POTUS? -No one to EXECUTE laws
17 VI. Congress (Legislative Branch) Congress had one house. (unicameral) Laws were difficult to pass, needing the approval of nine states. Congress had no power to regulate interstate trade, coin money, or to establish a military.
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