The role of local authorities in boosting energy efficiency and renewable energies. Milan, May 2009 Wolfram Sparber, Sepp Walder, Alexandra Troi

Transcription

1 The role of local authorities in boosting energy efficiency and renewable energies Milan, May 2009 Wolfram Sparber, Sepp Walder, Alexandra Troi

2 Agenda Introduction European data Responsibility after liberalisation of energy market: Europe / Nations / Regions What can local authorities do? Examples Conclusion 2

3 Fundamentals of Energy Provision Security of supply Energy efficiency / rational use of energy Economic availability Sustainability (Social and Environmental) 3

4 What is energy used for? Source: ESTTP, Solar Thermal Vision

5 Current situation in Europe Energy import of 50% 1 in the year 2000 which will probably increase towards 70% 2 in % 3 of the used energy in Europe comes from fossil fuels The EU oil resources are supposed to last for 25 3 years, the gas resources for 23 3 years The EU spent in Billions for oil 1: Grünbuch KOM(2000) 769 vom Hin zu einer europäischen Strategie für Energieversorgungssicherheit 2: Vgl. EG; Energie unsere Abhängigkeit in den Griff bekommen; Amt für amtliche Veröffentlichungen der Europäischen Gemeinschaften, Luxemburg 2002, S. 5 3: Seifert T., Werner K., Schwarzbuch Öl, Zsolnay (Vrlg.),

6 Fossil fuels distribution / concentration 71% of oil resources 69% of gas resources Source: Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe: Erdoel allg BILD2 g.html 6

7 Renewable energy and imports Avoided imports of fossil fuels in Germany in Billion Euro from 2004 to

8 Responsibility European level Overall energy targets (Example ) Energy labelling of domestic products Energy efficiency standards for domestic products Biofuel targets Energy labelling of buildings (EPBD) CO2 emission targets for single sectors (example automotive 120 g/km) 8

9 Responsibility National level Fundamental decisions in electricity production (Example France Nuclear Power) Establishment of laws for electrical energy feed in tariffes and procedures (Certificati verdi, conto energia) Energy efficiency support shemes (certificati bianchi) Renewable energy support schemes (can be regional) Electricity and gas distribution (can be regional) 9

10 Responsibility local level Renewable electrical energy production (hydro power, wind, solar, biogas, ) Renewable thermal energy production (district heating, biomass, solar) Energy provision (e.g. establishment of gas pipelines) Rational use of energy e.g. utilisation of cogeneration Energy Efficiency buildings, public buildings, building code Organisation of local transport public transport, bicycle ways, pedestrian areas 10

11 The local authorities play a central role within the European energy policy and are key actors regarding environmental and economical aspects 11

12 Energy - Interdisciplinarity Regional activity range and Energy: Economy Environment Transport Agriculture Tourism Research Education Landscape Source: Könighofer Kurt, Handbuch KREP Basisinformation, Johanneum Research,Graz 2001, S

13 What can we do? District heating (biomass, cogeneration) Buildings Solar thermal / electricity Geothermal, wind Local strategic energy plan Communication 13

14 District heating High buildings density is necessary Rational use of energy cogeneration, district cooling Replacement of fossil fuels with renewble fuels (biomass wood, if available) Possibility to reduce CO2 emissions drastically Source: FH Sexten Foto, Oskar Da Riz 14

15 Buildings Are responsible for ~ 40% of the overall energy consumption in Europe Are responsible for ~ 36% of the overall CO2 emissions in Europe Source: ECTP, Vision 2030 & Strategic Research Agenda, Focus Area Cities and Buildings, Version 2, CO2 consumption including electrical energy consumption 15

16 Buildings insulation standard High standards for all new buildings New public buildings as examples Refurbishment of public buildings / district Energy plans for new city quarters Source: Agenzia CasaClima 16

17 Solar thermal For small buildings, for large buildings? Is there an obligation for new buildings? Are possibilities for large scale applications / ESCOS? Which is the solar thermal potential? Source: Eurac, Energiesystem Graz 17

18 Solar electricity - PV Are there free spaces on public buildings and structures? (study of the potantial focused on singly buildings -> E.g. Lana) Are ther free spaces on private buidings -> how can the owner be motivated to use it? (E.g. Brixen) Which is the overal solar potential of the city? (Analysis on sattelite data and / or laser scanning data) Source: O.G. Ortler, ExPost Gebäude 18

19 Geothermal / Wind / Hydro Is there are chance for deep geothermal applications? Utilisation of geothermal for (pre)heating and (pre)cooling of buildings Is the wind / river and landscape situation promising? Source: Leitwind, Geothermie Kraftwerk Sauerlach 19

20 Local Energy plans Does a strategic energy plan exist for the community? Which are the priorities? How are this aspect considered in new urban areas? Source: Landesenergieplan, PEC - Bologna 20

21 Example 21

22 Example Prad energy sources Source: E- Werk Prad: Rapporto annuale

23 Example Prad cost of electricity Source: E- Werk Prad: Rapporto annuale

24 Example City quarter CASANOVA Planning started in 2003 Concept: Arch. Frits Van Dongen Sustainability strategy (building performance, mobility, water management, etc.) 950 dwellings, 3000 people Service buildings (kinder garden, schools, shops, church etc.) 8 living castles varying height from 9 to 22.5m (33 facing south) heating demand 30 to 50 kwh/m²a KlimaHaus/CasaClima A or B Cooling for service buildings regulations for residential buildings 24

25 CasaNova: Building energy performance heat demand [MWh/year] t CO 2 18% -1680t CO 2 44% legge 10 CasaClima C CasaClima A-B DHW heating demand Source: Comune di Bolzano, Studio Carlini 25

26 CasaNova: Energy supply performance fuel demand [MWh/year 16'000 14'000 12'000 10'000 8'000 6'000 4'000 2' % 18% 14% losses distribution heater chimney heat demand autonomous heating systems centralised heating system district heating Source: Comune di Bolzano, Studio Carlini 26

27 CasaNova further aspects Renewable Energy can and has been integrated in part (solar thermal, photovoltaic's) A detailed energy monitoring will be elaborated by Eurac in cooperation with Ministry of Environment Land and Sea and the province of Bolzano Success factor: Detailed energy requirements before the architectural planning phase 27

28 Conclusion Europe is highly dependent from fossil fuels and from energy imports The regional and local level plays a central rool in a sustainable and secure energy provision There are many different actions which can be taken A distributed, renewable, local energy provision usually has net positive economical and social effects 28

29 Thank you for the attention Wolfram Sparber, Sepp Walder, Alexandra Troi