Ministry of Finance and Economic Development. Digest of Environment Statistics 2015

Transcription

1 Vol. 14 Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Statistics Mauritius Digest of Environment Statistics 2015 November 2016 (Price Rs 200)

2 Digest of Environment Statistics 2015

3 DIGEST OF ENVIRONMENT STATISTICS Foreword This is the fourteenth issue of the Digest of Environment Statistics, an annual publication of Statistics Mauritius. This report presents statistics according to the United Nations Framework for the Development of Environment Statistics 2013 (FDES 2013). FDES 2013 classifies environment statistics into six components namely: Environmental conditions and quality; Environmental resources and their use; Residuals; Extreme events and disasters; Human settlements and environmental health; and Environment protection, management and engagement. The statistics provided in this publication are the latest available ones and cover the period 2006 to 2015, wherever possible. All of them, unless otherwise stated, refer to the Island of Mauritius. It is hoped that these statistics will prove useful to the public in general, particularly to planners, decision makers and researchers. The digest has been prepared with the collaboration of the Ministry of Environment, Sustainable Development, and Disaster and Beach Management, and several other organisations. The co-operation and assistance of all these organisations are gratefully acknowledged. Y. Cassimally (Mrs) Ag. Director of Statistics Statistics Mauritius Ministry of Finance and Economic Development Port Louis Republic of Mauritius November 2016

4 Contact Persons : Mrs D. Balgobin, Statistician Mr L.K. Dindoyal, Senior Statistical Officer Environment Statistics Unit Ministry of Environment, Sustainable Development, and Disaster and Beach Management Level 4, Ken Lee Tower Line Barracks Street Port Louis Telephone: (230) cso_envi@govmu.org website:

5 1 Contents Page Table of contents 1-8 Illustrations 9 Environment Statistics, Main environment indicators, 2014 and COMPONENT 1 : ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND QUALITY Table Main islets by geographical district and area, Table Monthly Mean temperature, Table Monthly Mean maximum temperature, Table Monthly Mean minimum temperature, Table Mean annual rainfall by region, Table Monthly Mean rainfall by region, Table Monthly (24-hourly maximum) rainfall by station, Table Monthly mean relative humidity (%) with extremes, Table Mean monthly and extreme values of mean sea level atmospheric pressure at Plaisance aeronautical station, Table Monthly mean wind speed and highest gusts at Plaisance aeronautical station, Table Monthly total hours of sunshine by region and station, Table Gross storage capacity and characteristics of reservoirs and major lakes 39 Table Percentage water level by month and reservoir, Table Number of mangroves planted and area covered, Table Fauna population, Republic of Mauritius, Table Flora population, Republic of Mauritius, Table Status of endangered flora, Table Evolution of some fauna population of endemic species, Republic of Mauritius, 2000, 2009 and 2012/ Table Areal estimates for the various Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESA) by type and subcategory, Republic of Mauritius, Table List of land protected areas, Republic of Mauritius, Table List of Marine and Coastal Protected Areas, Republic of Mauritius, Table Forest area by category,

6 2 Table Changes in forest-land cover, 2006 and Table Forest plantations by type of plants, Table Forest fires and area affected, Table Monthly ambient air quality monitoring at fixed stations, September - December Table Freshwater quality from selected boreholes by selected parameters, Table River water quality by selected physico-chemical parameters, Table Range of levels of Nitrate-Nitrogen, Phosphate and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) at established coastal sites, 2015 Table Total Coliforms (TC) and Faecal Coliforms (FC) in coastal water at monitoring site and by station, Table Sea water quality in the lagoon at Terre Rouge Rivulet Bird Sanctuary, Table Guidelines for inland surface water quality, Table Mean sea surface temperature around the Island of Mauritius, Table Number of noise complaints received by Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, Table Number of noise monitoring surveillance after office hours and during weekends by "Noise Flying Squad", Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, COMPONENT 2: ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES AND THEIR USE Table Energy balance, Republic of Mauritius, Table Energy Balance, Republic of Mauritius, Table Primary energy requirement, (Energy unit), Republic of Mauritius, Table Imports of energy sources (Energy unit), Republic of Mauritius, Table Plant capacity, peak power demand and electricity generation, Republic of Mauritius, Table Electricity generation by source of energy, Republic of Mauritius, Table Fuel input for electricity production, (Energy unit), Republic of Mauritius, Table Final energy consumption by sector and type of fuel (Energy unit), Republic of Mauritius, Table Final energy consumption by sector (Energy unit), Republic of Mauritus, Table Percentage share of final energy consumption by sector, Republic of Mauritius, Table Land use by category, 1995 and Table Land under irrigation, Table Deforestation rate of forestland,

7 3 Table Local production of logs, poles and fuelwood, Table Imports and value (c.i.f) of forest products, Table Domestic exports and value (f.o.b) of forest products, Table Fish production by type of fishery (in fresh - weight equivalent), Table Annual fish catch of the coastal (artisanal) fishery by gear - type, Table Annual catch by banks, Table Aquaculture production by species, Table Import, export and trade balance of fish and fish products, Table Agricultural crops - Area harvested and production, Table Imports of crops, Republic of Mauritius, Table Exports of crops, Republic of Mauritius, Table Imports and value (c.i.f) of fertilisers and pesticides (Agricultural inputs), Table Number of small breeders and livestock population by geographical district as at December Table Livestock herd and poultry status by geographical district as at December Table Livestock slaughtered, Table Imports of selected livestock, Table Exports of selected live animals, Table Water balance, Table Surface water stock in main rivers, Table Fresh water abstractions by source, Table Fresh water abstractions by sector, Table Water utilisation, Table Volume of treated effluent from wastewater treatment plants used for irrigation, Table 2.37 Daily per capita domestic and potable water consumption, Table Volume of water used by the Central Electricity Board for hydropower generation, COMPONENT 3 : RESIDUALS Table National inventory of greenhouse gas emissions and removals by source categories, Republic of Mauritius, Table National inventory of greenhouse gas emissions and removals by source categories, Republic of Mauritius,

8 Table Percentage share of carbon dioxide emissions from energy sector (fuel combustion activities), Republic of Mauritius, Table Trend in Energy intensity index, Energy consumption per capita index, GHG Emission per capita index and GHG emission per GDP index, Table Consumption of controlled ozone-depleting substances by sector, Table Consumption of controlled ozone-depleting substances by type of substances, Table Volume of wastewater treated by public treatment stations and by type of treatment, Table Volume of wastewater treated, number and capacity of treatment plants, Table Discharge of treated wastewater to environment, Table Average volume of wastewater treated by station, treatment level, final discharge point and monitoring of selected chemical parameters, Table Disposal of solid waste at Mare Chicose landfill site by type, Table Disposal of solid waste at Mare Chicose landfill site by economic activity, Table Management of solid waste, COMPONENT 4 : EXTREME EVENTS AND DISASTERS Table List of tropical storm/cyclone when warnings were issued for Mauritius, COMPONENT 5 : HUMAN SETTLEMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Table Evolution of the population by urban / rural residence and sex between the 2000 and 2011 Population Censuses 123 Table Evolution of the population by geographical district and sex between the 2000 and 2011 Population Census 123 Table Estimated resident population by urban / rural residence and sex - Republic of Mauritius, 2014 & Table Urban and rural area and population, Republic of Mauritius, Table Population by geographical district and type of water supply, Republic of Mauritius, 2011 Housing Census 126 Table Population by geographical district and type of toilet facilities, Republic of Mauritius, 2011 Housing Census 127 Table Population connected to sewerage system by geographical district, Republic of Mauritius, 2011 Housing Census 128 Table Population by geographical district and method of refuse disposal, Republic of Mauritius, 2011 Housing Census 129 Table Water sales by tariff of subscriber,

9 5 Table Population with access to electricity by geographical district, Republic of Mauritius, 2011 Housing Census 131 Table Sales of electricity by type of tariff, Republic of Mauritius, Table Number of buildings by type, Republic of Mauritius, 2000 and 2011 Housing Censuses 133 Table Residential and partly residential buildings by type, Republic of Mauritius, 2000 and 2011 Housing Censuses 133 Table Residential and partly residential buildings by type of wall and roof materials, Republic of Mauritius, 2000 and 2011 Housing Censuses 134 Table Distribution of housing units by occupancy status, Republic of Mauritius, 2000 and 2011 Housing Censuses 134 Table Vehicles registered by type, Table Road network, Table Respiratory diseases registered in government hospitals, Table Admissions due to certain respiratory diseases by sex in government general hospitals, 2003, 2007, Table Cases of asthma treated as in-patients in government hospitals, Table Deaths registered due to asthma, Table Cases of asthma treated as in-patients in government hospitals by age group and sex, Table Enteritis and other diarrhoeal diseases, Table New cases of certain notifiable diseases reported to sanitary authorities, COMPONENT 6 : ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION, MANAGEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT Table Main environmental authority, Table List of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEA's) and other Global Environmental Conventions, Table 6.3- Some publicly accessible environmental information 150 Table Description of national environment statistics programmes 150 Table Type of environment statistics products and periodicity of update 151 Table 6.6- Description of environmental education programmes and number of participants, Table List of Non-Government Organisations affiliated to Ministry of Environment, Sustainable Development, and Disaster and Beach Management and engaged in pro-environmental activities, Table Number of permits and floor area by region,

10 6 Table Number of permits and floor area by type of building, Table Number of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) licences granted by type of project, Table Number of Preliminary Environmental Report (PER) approvals granted by type of project, Table No. of complaints received at the Pollution Prevention and Control Division by category, Table Contraventions established and notices issued by "Police De L'Environnement", Table Number of offences detected against forest laws by category, STATISTICS ON ENVIRONMENT FROM SURVEYS Table Households with members suffering from health problems related to air pollution by type of problem, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey (CMPHS) 2001, Republic of Mauritius 165 Table Rating of the state of the environment by head of household surveyed, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey (CMPHS) 2001, Republic of Mauritius 165 Table Percentage distribution of households surveyed by specified environment problem,continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey (CMPHS) 2002, Republic of Mauritius 166 Table Distribution of households surveyed by methods of carrying goods purchased, Continuous Multi- Purpose Household Survey (CMPHS) 2002, Republic of Mauritius 166 Table Percentage distribution of households by response on solid waste issues, Continuous Multi- Purpose Household Survey (CMPHS) 2007, Republic of Mauritius 167 Table Percentage distribution of households by environmental issues, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey (CMPHS) 2007, Republic of Mauritius 167 Table Percentage distribution of households surveyed by type of vehicles owned, Continuous Multi- Purpose Household Survey (CMPHS) 2009, Republic of Mauritius 168 Table Percentage distribution of households surveyed reporting on average kilometres travelled per year by type of vehicles owned, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey (CMPHS) 2009, Republic of Mauritius 168 Table Percentage distribution of households surveyed by awareness of global environment challenges, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey (CMPHS) 2009, Republic of Mauritius 169 Table Percentage distribution of households surveyed by type and number of vehicles owned, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey (CMPHS) 2009, (Republic of Mauritius) 169 Table Number and percentage distribution of tourists interviewed by rating of the state of the environment at various sites, Survey of outgoing tourists, 2000 & Table Percentage distribution of households by awareness of environmental issues, Continuous Multi- Purpose Household Survey (CMPHS) 2012, Republic of Mauritius 171 Table Percentage distribution of households taking measures to reduce/reuse/recycle waste, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey (CMPHS) 2012, Republic of Mauritius 171 Table Percentage distribution of households collecting and using rainwater for household purposes, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey (CMPHS) 2012, Republic of Mauritius 172

11 Table Percentage distribution of households equipped with solar water heater, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey (CMPHS) 2012, Republic of Mauritius 172 Table Percentage distribution of households equipped with a solar water heater by geographical district, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey (CMPHS) 2012, Republic of Mauritius Table Percentage distribution of households not interested to buy a solar water heater by reason, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey (CMPHS) 2012, Republic of Mauritius 173 Table Percentage distribution of households by measures taken to reduce electrical energy consumption, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey (CMPHS) 2012, Republic of Mauritius 174 Table Percentage distribution of households by awareness of environmental issues, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey 2015, Republic of Mauritius 175 Table Percentage distribution of households by awareness of "Environmental Awareness Campaigns", Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey 2015, Republic of Mauritius 175 Table Number and percentage distribution of households reporting on awareness of "Say No to Plastic bags" campaign by extent of success in reducing use of plastic bags, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey 2015, Republic of Mauritius Table Percentage distribution of households reporting on extent of use of reusable long-lasting and ecofriendly shopping bags, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey 2015, Republic of Mauritius Table Number and percentage of households by main option favoured to reduce plastic bags in the country, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey 2015, Republic of Mauritius 176 Table Number and percentage of households reporting on availability of drop-off bins in their locality for the disposal of segregated wastes, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey 2015, Republic of Mauritius 177 Table Number and percentage of households reporting on segregation of wastes generated for recycling including composting, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey 2015, Republic 177 of Mauritius Table Percentage of households reporting on segregation of wastes generated for recycling including composting by type of wastes, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey 2015, Republic of Mauritius 177 Table Percentage of households reporting on disposal of segregated wastes by type of disposal method, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey 2015, Republic of Mauritius 178 Table Percentage of households reporting on difficulties to dispose of segregated wastes for recycling, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey 2015, Republic of Mauritius 178 Table Percentage of households that would consider to start segregation of waste for recycling, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey 2015, Republic of Mauritius 178 Table Percentage of households reporting on means to enhance participation in waste segregation, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey 2015, Republic of Mauritius 179 Table Percentage of households reporting on disposal of some selected waste, Continuous Multi- Purpose Household Survey 2015, Republic of Mauritius 179 Table Percentage of households reporting on engagement in activities related to environmental protection, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey 2015, Republic of Mauritius 180

12 Table Percentage of households reporting on awareness of "Climate Change", Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey 2015, Republic of Mauritius Table Percentage of households reporting on "Climate Changes" affecting their household, Continuous Multi-Purpose Household Survey 2015, Republic of Mauritius 181 Technical Notes 183 Concepts and Definitions Abbreviations and symbols 189

13 9 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 1 - Map, Republic of Mauritius 23 Figure 2 - Geological and morphological map of Mauritius 24 Figure 3 - Rainfall difference from Long Term Mean, Figure 4 - Mean rainfall, Figure 5 - Rivers, reservoirs and catchment boundaries, Mauritius 41 Figure 6 - Main aquifers 42 Figure 7 Major soil groups, Mauritius 43 Figure 8 - Map of Areal estimates for the various Environmentally Sensitive Areas by type and sub category, Figure 9 - Percentage composition of forest plantations, Figure 10 - Forest fires and area affected, Figure 11 - Imports of energy sources, Republic of Mauritius, Figure 12 - Percentage share of final energy consumption by sector, Republic of Mauritius, Figure 13 - Land use by category, Figure 14 - Import and export of fish and fish products, Figure 15 - Water balance, Figure 16 - Water utilisation, Figure 17 - Daily per capita domestic and potable water consumption, Figure 18 Figure 19 - Percentage of carbon dioxide emissions from energy sector (fuel combustion activities), Republic of Mauritius, Trend in Energy Intensity Index, Energy consumption per capita Index, GHG Emission per capita Index and GHG emission per GDP Index, Figure 20 - Consumption of ozone depleting substances, hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC's), Figure 21 - Vehicles registered by type, Figure 22 - Number of hybrid and electric vehicles registered, Figure 23 - Number of offences against forest laws by category,

14 1. Environmental Conditions and Quality 10 Environment Statistics, Geological, geographical and morphological conditions (i) Area of country The Republic of Mauritius is a group of islands in the South West of the Indian Ocean, consisting of theislands of Mauritius (main island and surrounding islets, 1,868.4 km 2 ),Island of Rodrigues (main island and surrounding islets, km 2 ), Agalega and St Brandon (28.7 km 2 ). The total land area of the Republic of Mauritius is 2,007.2 km 2 (Figure 1). (ii) Main geomorphological characteristics The Island of Mauritius (except for the beaches and coral reef formation) has been created entirely by three periods of volcanic activity. The geology of the island is basically basalt everywhere but the three phases of volcanic activity has given rise to different types of rock. The geological and morphological map is shown in Figure 2. The island consists of a central plateau surrounded by mountain ranges and plains. The plateau rises to a maximum elevation of about 600 m (a.m.s.l) in the south of the island and has a mean elevation of about m (a.m.s.l), the highest peak being 828 m (a.m.s.l). (iii) Islets The Island of Mauritius is surrounded by a number of islets ranging from 0.03 to 253 hectares covering a total area of around 1,026 hectares (Table 1.1). 1.2 Temperature In 2015, December was the warmest month in the Island of Mauritius with a mean of 26.7 C and July, the coolest month with a mean of 21.5 C (Table 1.2). The mean maximum temperature was above the long term mean ( ) for all the months of 2015 except for January and February. On the other hand, the mean minimum temperature was above the long term mean for all the months of 2015except for February which was same (Tables1.3&1.4). The highest maximum temperature was 35.4 C, recorded on 28February 2015 at Champs De Mars, Port Louis. The lowest minimum temperature was 9.7 C, which was recorded on 7July 2015 at Mon Desir Alma. 1.3 Precipitation During the year 2015, the mean amount of rainfall recorded around the Island of Mauritius was 2,377 millimetres (mm), representing an increase of 13.5% compared to 2,094 mm in 2014 and an increase of 18.7% compared to the long term mean ( ) of 2,003 mm (Table 1.5).

15 11 The wettest month in 2015 was January with a mean of 455 mm, which represents a surplus of 73.0% relative to the long term mean ( ) of 263 mm. September was the driest month with a mean of 46 mm of rainfall registering a deficit of 52.0% compared to the long term mean ( ) of 96 mm (Table 1.6). 1.4 Solar radiation (i)sunshine hours In 2015, there was a deficit of 108 hours of sunshine recorded at Pamplemoussesstation,15 hours at Fuel station, 75 hours at Medinestation,96hours at Vacoas station and 120 hours at Plaisance station compared to the long term mean ( )-(Table1.11). 1.5 Reservoirs and lakes There are 11 reservoirs with total gross capacity of around 91 Mm 3 and two major lakes in the Island of Mauritius (Table 1.12). Table 1.13 shows the monthly average percentage and the long term mean ( ) water level by reservoir. In 2015, the monthly average water level in the largest reservoir, Mare aux Vacoas, was above the long term mean ( ) for all the months of the year. 1.6 Rivers, catchment areas and aquifers The Island of Mauritius has a network of 25 major river basins and 21 minor river basins with catchment areas varying from 3.9 to 173 km 2 (Figure 5).The five main aquifers are shown in Figure Seas The coastline of Mauritius is around 322 km long, the length of reef is about 150 km covering an area of 300 km 2.The country has jurisdiction over a large Exclusive Economic Zone of approximately 2.3 million km Biodiversity (i) Fauna and flora species Table 1.15 shows the fauna population in the Republic of Mauritius. To date, 1 endemic species of bat, 7endemic species of land bird and 11endemic reptile species exist in the Island of Mauritius. Of the 691 species of indigenous flowering plants that used to be found in Mauritius, 630 exist of which 243 are endemic (Table 1.16).

16 Protected species and areas (i) Protected fauna species The evolution of some fauna population of endemic species is given in Table (ii) Protected terrestrial, marine and coastal area The land protected areas are listed in Table State protected mainland accounted for 7,570 hectares, Pas Geometriques 625 hectares and privately owned/ managed conservation areas, 6,553 hectares. Table 1.21 lists the marine and coastal protected areas Forest area Preservation of forests is vital for the protection of the ecosystem. In 2015, the total extent of forest cover in the Island of Mauritius was estimated at 47,069 hectares, representing about 25 % of the total land area. Total forest area decreased by 34 hectares from 47,103 hectares in 2014 to 47,069 hectares in Some 22,069 hectares (47%) of the total forest area in 2015 was stateowned and the remaining 25,000 hectares (53%) was privately-owned (Table 1.22). Out of the 22,069 hectares of state-owned forest area, 11,804 hectares (53.5%) were planted areas while the Black River Gorges National Park and the nature reserves accounted for 6,574 (29.8%) and 799 (3.6%) hectares respectively. Pas Geometriques covered about 625 hectares (2.8%), other nature parks, 906 hectares (4.1%) and other forest lands, 1,361 hectares (6.2%). The 25,000 hectares of privately-owned forest lands consisted of 18,447 (74%) hectares of plantation, forestlands, scrub and grazing lands, and 6,553 (26%) hectares of mountain, rivers and nature reserves. 2. Environmental Resources and their Use 2.1 Production of energy (i) Local production (renewable) Total energy production from local renewable sources: hydro, wind, landfill gas, photovoltaic, bagasse and fuelwood increased by 18.3% from ktoe in 2014 to ktoe in This was due to an increase of 19.0% in the production of bagasse from ktoe in 2014 to ktoe in 2015, by 4.8% for photovoltaic from 2.1 ktoe to 2.2 ktoe and by 34.6% for hydro from 7.8 ktoe to 10.5 ktoe. On the other hand, fuelwood went down by 5.8% from 6.9 ktoe to 6.5 ktoe and wind & landfill gas by 4.8% from 2.1 ktoe to 2.0 ktoe (Tables 2.1and 2.2). (ii) Imports of energy sources Fossil fuel (petroleum products and coal) imports was 7.6% higher in 2015 (1,775 ktoe) than in 2014 (1,649 ktoe). Compared to 2014, imports of petroleum products went up by 9.1% (from 1,171 to 1,277 ktoe) and those of coal increased by 4.2% (from 479 to 499 ktoe) - (Table 2.4 and Fig. 11). In 2015, coal constituted around 28% of fossil fuel imports, fuel oil 24%, diesel oil 18%, dual purpose kerosene 16%, gasolene 9% and LPG 4%.

17 Primary energy requirement (i) Primary energy requirement from fossil fuel In 2015, around 84% (1,283 ktoe) of the total primary energy requirement was met from imported fossil fuels (petroleum products, 55% and coal, 29%) against 86% (1,279 ktoe) in the preceding year. The share of the different fossil fuels within the total primary energy requirement in 2015 was as follows: coal (29.1%), fuel oil (16.9%), diesel oil (13.7%), gasolene (10.6%), aviation fuel (8.1%), Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) - (5.2%) and kerosene (0.1%). Energy supply from petroleum products increased by 2% from 819 ktoe in 2014 to 836 ktoe in It comprised fuel oil (31%), diesel oil (25%), gasolene (20%), dual purpose kerosene (15%) and LPG (9%). Supply of coal decreased by 2.8% from 460 ktoe in 2014 to 447 ktoe in 2015 (Table 2.3). (ii) Primary energy requirement from local sources (renewables) In 2015, primary energy requirement obtained from local renewable sources namely: hydro, wind, landfill gas, photovoltaic, bagasse and fuelwood stood at 251 ktoe and it accounted for around 16% of the total primary energy requirement. Bagasse and hydro contributed around 92% and 4% of the local renewable sources respectively while wind, landfill gas, photovoltaic and fuelwood accounted for the remaining 4% (Table 2.3). 2.3 Electricity generation The peak power demand in 2015 reached MW in the Island of Mauritius as compared with MW in 2014, up by 3.1% (Table 2.5). Some 2,996 GWh (258 ktoe) of electricity was generated in Around 77% (2,315 GWh or 199 ktoe) of the electricity was generated from non-renewable sources, mainly coal and fuel oil while the remaining 23% (681 GWh or 59 ktoe) were from renewable sources, mostly bagasse (Table 2.6). Between 2014 and 2015, (i) total electricity generated increased by 2.0 % from 2,937 GWh to 2,996GWh, (ii) electricity generated from coal decreased by 6.2% from 1,260 GWh to 1,182GWh and that from fuel and diesel oil together increased by 4.8% from 1,079 GWh to 1,131GWh, and (iii) electricity generated from renewable sources increased from 596 GWh to 681 GWh, up by 14.2%. Photovoltaic increased by 5.3% from 24.6 GWh to 25.9 GWh, bagasse by 11.7% from GWh to GWh and hydro by 34.3% from 90.8 GWh to GWh. On the other hand, landfill gas went down by 4.2% from 21.3 GWh to 20.4 GWh and wind by 15.6% from 3.2 GWh to 2.7 GWh. 2.4 Final energy consumption Final energy consumption increased by 2.4% from 892ktoe in 2014 to 913 ktoe in 2015 (Table 2.8). The two main energy-consuming sectors were Transport and Manufacturing, accounting respectively for 50.7% and 23.7% of the final energy consumed. They were followed by the household sector (14.2%), commercial and distributive trade (10.5%) and agriculture (0.5%) - (Tables2.9 and 2.10).

18 Land use categories Land use refers to the main activity taking place on an area of land, for example, farming, forestry or housing. Based on latest available data in 2005 (Table 2.11 and Figure13), sugar cane plantations occupied 39% (72,000 hectares) of the total land area of the Island of Mauritius, forest, scrubs and grazing lands 25% (47,200 hectares) and built-up areas another 25% (46,500 hectares). During the period 1995 to 2005, the land occupied by sugarcane, tea plantations and forestry decreased while that of built-up areas, other agricultural activities, and infrastructure and inland water resource systems went up. 2.6 Fish capture production The production of fish decreased by 6.2% from 15,182 tonnes in 2014 to 14,239 tonnes in 2015 (Table 2.17). In 2015, fish catch through coastal (artisanal) fishery was around 609 tonnes, representing an increase of 33% over the previous year figure of 459 tonnes. Line accounted for 38% of the total catch, followed by basket trap (32%) and large net (17%)-(Table 2.18). 2.7 Annual and perennial crops (i) Sugar cane The production of sugar cane went down by 0.9% from 4,044,422 tonnes in 2014 to 4,009,232 tonnes in However, the area harvested increased by 3.3% from 50,694 hectares in 2014 to 52,387 hectares in 2015, resulting in a decrease of 4.1% in the yield of sugar cane from tonnes per hectare in 2014 to in 2015(Table 2.22). (ii) Tea The area under tea plantation in 2015 was 574 hectares, representing a decrease of 14.6% over the figure of 672 hectares in The production of green tea leaves went down by 11.5% from 7,607 tonnes in 2014 to 6,732 tonnes in 2015 mainly due to unfavourable climatic conditions. (ii) Foodcrops The area under foodcrops harvested decreased by 3.8% from 8,459 hectares in 2014 to 8,137 hectares in 2015.Production of foodcrops decreased by 11.8% from 113,957 tonnes to 100,528 tonnes in Fertilisers and pesticides Intensive use of chemical based fertilisers and other agro-chemicals may contribute to the pollution of the environment through the leaching of nitrate to ground water. Between 2014 and 2015, import of fertilisers decreased by 38.3% (from 53,276 to 32,857 tonnes) and import of pesticides went up by 16.6 % (from 2,201 to 2,567 tonnes) - (Table 2.25).

19 Livestock As at December 2015, the livestock population of cattle, goat, sheep and pig was 57,423 heads in the Island of Mauritius. Goats dominated the livestock population with an estimated population of 26,809 heads (47%), followed by pig, 21,964 (38%), cattle, 5,898 (10%) and sheep, 2,752 (5%) - (Table 2.26). In 2015, the production of beef from live cattle was 2,013 tonnes, which is 2.9% higher than the figure of 1,956 tonnes registered in Beef production from the slaughter of imported cattle, accounting for 96.9% of the total production, increased by 1.7% from 1,896tonnes to 1,928tonnes. Local beef production went up by 41.7% from 60tonnes to 85tonnes(Table 2.28). The production of goat meat and mutton went down by 6.7% from 45 tonnes in 2014 to 42 tonnes in The share of local production, inclusive of Rodrigues stood at 94.0 %.The production of pork increased by 0.5% from 557 tonnes in 2014 to 560 tonnes in Water balance Water being a basic support element for human life and ecosystems, is of vital environmental and biological importance. In 2015, the Island of Mauritius received 4,433 million cubic metres (Mm 3 ) of water from precipitation (rainfall), 13.5% higher when compared to 3,905 Mm 3 in Only 10 % (443 Mm 3 ) of the water went as ground water recharge, while evapotranspiration and surface runoff accounted for 30% (1,330 Mm 3 ) and 60% (2,660 Mm 3 ) respectively (Table 2.31) Water utilization Total water utilisation was estimated at 973 Mm 3 in Around 85% (828 Mm 3 ) of the total water utilisation was met from surface water and the remaining 15% (145 Mm 3 ) from ground water(table 2.35). The agricultural sector accounted for 35% (343 Mm 3 ) of the water utilised, hydropower 37% (361 Mm 3 ), and domestic, industrial and tourism sector 28% (269 Mm 3 ). Compared to 2014, water utilisation increased by 8.7%, from 895 to 973 Mm 3 with changes as follows: domestic, industrial and tourism (+8.9%); hydropower (+31.3%) and agricultural (-8.0%). 3. Residuals 3.1 Emissions of direct greenhouse gases (GHGs) (i) Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission The national inventory of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by source category, in the Republic of Mauritius, is given in Table 3.1. The table shows that (i) carbon dioxide remains the main contributor of greenhouse gas emissions and stood at 3,975.6 thousand tonnes, contributing % to global emissions and (ii) removal of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) was around 295 thousand tonnes in 2015.

20 16 Net carbon dioxide emissions, after accounting for the removal of CO 2 by forests, went up by 0.1% from 3,676 thousand tonnes in 2014 to 3,681 thousand tonnes in In 2015, there was a rise in emission from the transport industries, manufacturing industries and other sectors, partly offset by a decrease in emission from the energy industries (electricity production) - (Table 3.2). (ii) Carbon dioxide emission from energy sector (fuel combustion activities) In 2015, CO 2 emission from the energy sector stood at 3,975.6 thousand tonnes, up by 0.2% from 3,968.8 thousand tonnes in Within the energy sector, the sub-sector that contributed most of the total CO 2 emission was the energy industries (electricity generation) which accounted for 60.6% (2,407.5 thousand tonnes) of the total CO 2 emissions. Next came the transport sector which made up 26.0% (1,032.1 thousand tonnes) of the total emissions, the manufacturing industries making up another 8.5% (337.8 thousand tonnes) and the other sectors accounting for the remaining 5.0% (198.2 thousand tonnes) - (Table 3.2). (a) Energy industries (electricity generation) Carbon dioxide emission from the generation of electricity (energy industries) stood at 2,407.5 thousand tonnes in 2015 compared to 2,449.1 thousand tonnes in 2014, representing a drop of 1.7%. This is mainly attributed to decrease in the quantity of coal used to produce electricity (Table 2.7). (b) Transport industries In 2015, carbon dioxide emission from the transport sector stood at thousand tonnes compared to in 2014, up by 3.6% due to higher fuel consumption. It is to be noted that the number of registered motor vehicles went up by 4.5% from 465,052 in 2014 to 486,144 in 2015 (Table 5.16). Consequently the energy consumed by land transport increased from ktoe to ktoe (+3.7%) - (Table 2.8). (c) Manufacturing industries The manufacturing sector registered an increase of 1.5% in CO 2 emissions in 2015 (from to thousand tonnes). The amount of fossil fuels consumed by the sector went up by 0.7% from ktoe in 2014 to ktoe in Municipal waste (i) Waste disposal at Mare Chicose Landfill The total amount of solid waste landfilled at Mare Chicose increased to 448,476 tonnes in 2015 from 417,478 tonnes in 2014, up by 7.4 %. Domestic waste constituted 96% of the total solid waste landfilled in 2015 (Table 3.11).

21 17 4. Extreme Events and Disasters 4.1 Tropical cyclone/storm Tropical cyclones usually occur in the summer period between 1 st November and 15 th May of the following year. Table 4.1 shows list of tropical cyclone/storm from 1990 to 2015 when warnings were issued for Mauritius. 5. Human Settlements and Environmental Health 5.1 Urban and rural population The estimated resident population in the Island of Mauritius was 1,220,530 as at 31 December The female population was 616,502 compared to a male population of 604,028. Some 42.3% of the population resided in urban area in 2015 compared to 42.5% in 2014 (Table 5.3). 5.2 Access to selected basic services As at Census 2011, the percentage of the population in the Island of Mauritius with the following amenities was as follows: piped water inside their houses 95.8%, flush toilet (sewerage, absorption pit and septic tank) 98.0%; and garbage regularly collected by authorised collectors,97.5% (Tables 5.5, 5.6 and 5.8). 5.3 Airborne diseases Table 5.18 lists the number of admissions due to certain respiratory diseases by sex in government general hospitals in the Island of Mauritius. 5.4 Mosquito borne diseases Some 32 cases of malaria, all imported, have been reported in 2015 in the Island of Mauritius. Some91 cases of dengue were also reported, of which 83 were locally transmitted (Table5.24). 6. Environmental Protection, Management and Engagement 6.1 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Licences and Preliminary Environmental Report (PER) Approvals In 2015, some 22 EIA licences were granted of which 4 were for industrial development, 3 for coastal hotels and related works and 2 each for land parcelling (morcellement), stone crushing plant and development in port area (Table 6.10). During the same period, 13 PER approvals were issued of which 4 were for poultry rearing and 3 for industrial development (Table 6.11).

22 Complaints Effective environmental management needs appropriate coordination and monitoring of environmental problems. The Ministry of Environment, Sustainable Development, and Disaster and Beach Management addresses environmental complaints received from the general public according to a complaint handling protocol. Table 6.12 lists the number of complaints by category received by the Pollution Prevention and Control Division of the Ministry of Environment, Sustainable Development, and Disaster and Beach Management for 2014 and The number of complaints received decreased by 5.4% from 664 in 2014 to 628 in The complaints were mainly due to: air pollution (18%), noise (18%), waste water (12%), odour (12%) and solid waste (6%). 6.3 Contraventions In2015, the Police de L Environnement established 2,722 contraventions of which vehicles emitting excessive noise accounted for 47% (1,281)and illegal littering 30% (819). During the same period, 1,084 notices were issued to drivers of vehicles emitting black smoke (Table 6.13).

23 Main environment indicators, 2014 and Indicator Units Republic of Mauritius 1. Land protected areas ha 14,749 14, Marine and coastal protected areas ha 14,759 14, Total Carbon dioxide emission 000 tons 3,970 3, Per capita carbon dioxide emission tons Total electricity generated GWh 2,937 2, Electricity generated from renewable sources % Total primary energy requirement ktoe 1,492 1, Primary energy requirement from renewable sources % Per capita primary energy requirement toe Per capita final energy consumption toe Energy intensity Island of Mauritius toe per Rs.100,000 GDP at 2000 prices Forest area ha 47,103 47, Total forest area as a % of total land area % Total fish production (fresh-weight equivalent) tons , Irrigated land ha 17,183 16, Threatened plant species % Threatened animal species % Mean annual rainfall millimetres 2,094 2, Mean of maximum annual temperature degrees Celcius Mean of minimum annual temperature degrees Celcius Annual fresh water abstraction Mm Daily per capita domestic water consumption litres Daily per capita solid waste disposed at landfill Kg Other Environment Statistics 24. Length of coastline 25. Length of coral reefs km km Area of coral reefs km Lagoon areas km Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) - Republic of Mauritius km million : Not available Revised

24 COMPONENT 1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND QUALITY

25

26 24 Figure 2 Geological and morphological map of Mauritius Old Lavas Early Lavas Intermediate Lavas (Recent Series) Calcacarenite(aeolianite & raised coral reef) Recent Lavas Most Recent Flows Trachyte Domes Volcanoes Source: Mauritius A Geomorphological Analysis Report

27 Table Main islets by geographical district and area, Name Geographical district Extent (ha) 1 Serpent Island (Nature Reserve) Round Island (Nature Reserve) Pigeon Rock (National Park) Flat Island (Nature Reserve) Gabriel Island (Nature Reserve) Gunner's Quoin (Nature Reserve) Ilot Matapan Ilot Bemache Riviere Du Rempart Ile d'ambre (National Park) Ilot Fourmi Ilot Aigrettes (Nature Reserve) Islet at Pte de Flacq Islet at Pte de Flacq Lerique Islet Goyaves de Chine Bambaras Islet Ilot Grosse Bite Islets opp. P.G. Bras D'Eau Ilot Maino Ilot Vacoas (National Park) Ilot de la Batterie Rocky Islet at Bras de Mer aux Huitres Ile aux Levrettes Ilot Lievres Ile du Trou Vire Ile Couba Flacq Ile aux Rats Ile de L'Est or Mangenie Ile aux Cerfs Ilot Flammants (National Park) Ile aux Oiseaux (National Park) Ile aux Mariannes (Nature Reserve) Rocher des Oiseaux (National Park) Ile aux Fous (National Park) Ilot Chat Ile aux Singes Islet near coast of War Department Land Mouchoir Rouge Ile aux Fouquets (Naional Park) Ile aux Vacoas Grand Port Ile de la Passe Ile aux Aigrettes Ile des Deux Cocos Ilot Brocus & Lafond Ilot Sancho Ilot Foumeaux Savanne Ile aux Benitiers Ilot Malais 0.95 Black River 49 Ilot Fortier... Total Source: National Parks and Conservation Service

28 Table 1.2 Monthly Mean temperature, Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Degrees celcius Mean annual temperature Month LTM 1 (26.1) LTM (26.2) LTM (25.8) LTM (24.9) LTM (23.2) LTM (21.4) LTM (20.6) LTM (20.7) LTM (21.3) LTM (22.3) LTM (23.9) LTM (25.3) LTM (23.5) Year Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Source: Mauritius Meteorological Services 1 LTM: Long term mean,

29 Table 1.3 Monthly Mean maximum temperature, Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec LTM 1 (29.8) LTM (29.8) LTM (29.4) LTM (28.6) LTM (27.0) LTM (25.2) LTM (24.3) LTM (24.4) LTM (25.3) LTM (26.2) LTM (28.1) LTM (29.3) Degrees celcius Mean of maximum annual temperature LTM (27.3) Year Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Source: Mauritius Meteorological Services 1 LTM: Long term mean,

30 Table 1.4 Monthly Mean minimum temperature, Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Month LTM 1 (22.3) LTM (22.6) LTM (22.1) LTM (21.2) LTM (19.4) LTM (17.6) LTM (16.9) LTM (16.9) LTM (17.2) LTM (18.3) LTM (19.6) LTM (21.2) Degrees celcius Mean of minimum annual temperature LTM (19.6) Year Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Mean Difference from LTM Source: Mauritius Meteorological Services 1 LTM: Long term mean,

31 Table Mean annual rainfall 1 by region, Region West LTM 2 (912 mm) North LTM (1,294 mm) South LTM (2,572 mm) East LTM (2,568 mm) Centre LTM (2,568 mm) Whole Island LTM (2,003 mm) Mean (mm) 740 1,012 1,154 1, , ,242 % of LTM Mean (mm) 1,463 1,094 1,645 1,688 1,062 1, ,262 1,264 1,386 % of LTM Mean (mm) 2,200 2,355 2,943 2,828 2,400 2,213 1,996 2,668 2,607 2,958 % of LTM Mean (mm) 2,646 2,736 2,999 3,155 2,756 2,794 2,289 2,716 2,758 2,959 % of LTM Mean (mm) 2,433 2,744 3,043 2,959 2,153 2,228 2,158 2,898 2,833 3,238 % of LTM Mean (mm) 1,914 1,946 2,381 2,383 1,806 1,948 1,621 2,126 2,094 2,377 % of LTM Source: Mauritius Meteorological Services 1 Average of 23 stations for different regions 2 LTM : Long Term Mean,

32 Table Monthly Mean rainfall 1 by region, 2015 Region West North South East Centre Whole Island Month Mean (mm) Long Term Mean ( ) % of Long Term Mean Mean (mm) Long Term Mean ( ) % of Long Term Mean Mean (mm) Long Term Mean ( ) % of Long Term Mean Mean (mm) Long Term Mean ( ) % of Long Term Mean Mean (mm) Long Term Mean ( ) % of Long Term Mean Mean (mm) Long Term Mean ( ) % of Long Term Mean January February March April May June July August September October November December Year 1, ,386 1, ,958 2, ,959 2, ,238 2, ,377 2, Source: Mauritius Meteorological Services 1 Average of 23 stations for different regions

33 Figure 3 - Rainfall difference from Long Term Mean, Millimetres Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Figure 4 - Mean rainfall, Rainfall Long Term Mean ( ) = 2,003 mm 2,381 2,390 2,377 Millimetres ,936 1,954 1,806 1,945 2,126 2,094 1, Year

34 32 Table Monthly (24-hourly maximum) rainfall by station, Month Vacoas station Millimetre Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Pamplemousses station Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Fuel station Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Source: Mauritius Meteorological Services

35 33 Table 1.7 (cont'd) - Monthly (24-hourly maximum) rainfall by station, Month Plaisance station Millimetre Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Year Medine Station Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Source: Mauritius Meteorological Services

36 Table Monthly mean relative humidity (%) with extremes, 2015 Region Station Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Mean North Pamplemousses LTM Highest Lowest Mean South Plaisance LTM Highest Lowest Mean East FUEL LTM Highest Lowest Mean West Medine LTM Highest Lowest Mean Centre Vacoas LTM Highest Source : Meteorological Services 1 LTM : Long Term Mean ( ) Lowest

37 35 Table Mean monthly and extreme values of mean sea level atmospheric pressure at Plaisance aeronautical station, hpa Month Year January Mean 1, , , , , , , , , ,010.0 Highest 1, , , , , , , , , ,016.1 Lowest 1, , , , , , , , ,000.7 February Mean 1, , , , , , , , , ,013.0 Highest 1, , , , , , , , , ,017.8 Lowest 1, , , , , , , , ,001.5 March Mean 1, , , , , , , , , ,013.8 Highest 1, , , , , , , , , ,019.2 Lowest 1, , , , , , , , , ,004.3 April Mean 1, , , , , , , , , ,013.8 Highest 1, , , , , , , , , ,020.0 Lowest 1, , , , , , , , , ,007.7 May Mean 1, , , , , , , , , ,018.1 Highest 1, , , , , , , , , ,021.9 Lowest 1, , , , , , , , , ,013.6 June Mean 1, , , , , , , , , ,018.5 Highest 1, , , , , , , , , ,024.7 Lowest 1, , , , , , , , , ,011.4 July Mean 1, , , , , , , , , ,022.0 Highest 1, , , , , , , , , ,025.5 Lowest 1, , , , , , , , , ,015.8 August Mean 1, , , , , , , , , ,020.7 Highest 1, , , , , , , , , ,026.6 Lowest 1, , , , , , , , , ,017.1 September Mean 1, , , , , , , , , ,022.1 Highest 1, , , , , , , , , ,024.8 Lowest 1, , , , , , , , , ,014.4 October Mean 1, , , , , , , , , ,019.9 Highest 1, , , , , , , , , ,024.3 Lowest 1, , , , , , , , , ,014.9 November Mean 1, , , , , , , , , ,016.3 Highest 1, , , , , , , , , ,021.2 Lowest 1, , , , , , , , , ,009.7 December Mean 1, , , , , , , , , ,014.7 Highest 1, , , , , , , , , ,018.3 Lowest 1, , , , , , , , , ,008.0 Source: Mauritius Meteorological Services

38 Table Monthly mean wind speed 1 and highest gusts 2 at Plaisance aeronautical station, km/hr Month Year January February March April May June July August September October November December Mean Wind Speed Highest gust Mean Wind Speed Highest gust Mean Wind Speed Highest gust Mean Wind Speed Highest gust Mean Wind Speed Highest gust Mean Wind Speed Highest gust Mean Wind Speed Highest gust Mean Wind Speed Gust Mean Wind Speed Highest gust Mean Wind Speed Highest gust Mean Wind Speed Highest gust Mean Wind Speed Highest gust Source: Mauritius Meteorological Services 1 10 minutes mean speed 2 3 seconds gusts

39 Table Monthly total hours of sunshine by region and station, Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 37 Hours Yearly Total , , , , , , , , , ,731 Long Term Mean ( ) , , , , , , , , , , ,345 Long Term Mean ( ) , , , , , , , , , , ,647 Long Term Mean ( ) ,722 Source: Mauritius Meteorological Services Region : North Region: East Region : West Station : Pamplemousses Station: Fuel Station : Medine

40 38 Table 1.11 (cont'd) - Monthly total hours of sunshine by region and station, Region : Centre Station : Vacoas Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Hour Yearly Total , , , , , , , , , ,562 Long Term Mean ( ) ,658 Region : South Station : Plaisance , , , , , , , , , ,379 Long Term Mean ( ) ,499 Source: Mauritius Meteorological Services

41 Table Gross storage capacity and characteristics of reservoirs and major lakes 39 Reservoir Gross capacity (Mm 3 ) % of gross capacity Purpose Maximum water spread area (km 2 ) Full reservoir level, m (a.m.s.l) 2 Mare aux Vacoas Domestic Midlands Dam Domestic, irrigation and industrial La Ferme Irrigation Mare Longue La Nicoliere Hydro-power and irrigation Domestic, irrigation and industrial Diamamove Hydro-power Eau Bleue Hydro-power Piton du Milieu Domestic Tamarind Falls Hydro-power and irrigation Valetta Dagotiere Total Storage Capacity Lake Gross capacity (Mm 3 ) Maximum water spread area (km 2 ) Full lake level, m (a.m.s.l) 2 Grand Bassin Bassin Blanc Source: Water Resources Unit, Ministry of Energy and Public Utilities 1 Based on hydrographic survey of a.m.s.l : above mean sea level

42 40 Table Percentage water level by month and reservoir, Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Normal Mean Min Max Mean Min Max La Nicoliere (Capacity 5.26 Mm 3 ) Month Normal Mean Min Max Mean Min Max Piton du Milieu (Capacity 2.99 Mm 3 ) Normal Mean Min Max Mean Min Max La Ferme (Capacity Mm 3 ) Normal Mean Min Max Mean Min Max Mare Longue (Capacity 6.28 Mm 3 ) Normal Mean Min Max Mean Min Max Midlands Dam (Capacity 25.5 Mm 3 ) Mean Min Max Mean Min Normal Max Mean Min Max Mean Min Max Normal is the long term mean for Source: Water Resources Unit Mare aux Vacoas (Capacity Mm 3 ) All reservoirs excluding Midlands Dam (Capacity Mm 3 ) %

43 41 Figure 5 - Rivers, reservoirs and catchment boundaries, Mauritius N ZA Z A AB Y BC XY VW B WX X CD V UV C U D DE W TU E T S F EF RS G FG R QR J Q M Km PQ GH H I HI N P K.97 Km L NP MN LM KL JK IJ LEGEND Source: Water Resources Unit RIVERS CATCHMENT BOUNDARIES 0 RESERVOIRS km

44 42 Figure 6 - Main aquifers Five main aquifers : I. The aquifer of Curepipe/Vacoas/Flic-en-Flac commonly known as the Curepipe aquifer. II. Aquifer of Phoenix/Beau-Bassin/Albion Moka/Coromandel. III. Aquifer of Nouvelle France/Rose-Belle/Plaisance. IV. Aquifer of Nouvelle Decouverte/Plaine des Roches/Trou d eau Douce. V. Aquifer of Northern Plains. Secondary aquifers : Aquifer of CheminGrenier/Frederica (CG/F) Aquifer of Chamarel (Ch) Alluvial aquifers of Grande Riviere Noire/Sud Yemen (Y) and Vallee des Pretres (VP) Fractured aquifers at Chamarel (Ch) and BambousVirieux (BV) Carbonated aquifers such as: Mt Bambous (MB) and West of Case Noyale (CN). Source: Water Resources Unit

45

46 Table Number of mangroves planted and area covered, Period As at No. of seedlings 291,215 62,450 Area covered (m 2 ) 147,730 30, ,160 15, Cumulative total number of mangroves planted and area covered as at , ,891 Source : Albion Fisheries Research Centre, Ministry of Ocean Economy, Marine Resources, Fisheries, Shipping and Outer Islands Table Fauna population, Republic of Mauritius, 2014 Number Mauritius Rodrigues Species Total Native species Endemic species Extinct species Endemic Extinct species Existing species Endemic Existing species Total Native species Endemic species Extinct species Endemic Extinct species Existing species Endemic Existing species Mammals (Bats) Land Birds Reptiles Butterflies Snails Source: 5 th National Report on the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2015 Table Flora population, Republic of Mauritius, 2014 Number Mauritius Rodrigues Species Total Native species Endemic species Extinct species Endemic Extinct species Existing species Endemic Existing species Total Native species Endemic species Extinct species Endemic Extinct species Existing species Endemic Existing species Flowering plants Source: 5 th National Report on the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2015 Table Status of endangered flora, 2015 Number of native plants species (classified as critically endangered as per International Union for Consevation of Nature criteria) Of which sucessfully propagated Source: National Parks and Conservation Service Number

47 Table Evolution of some fauna population of endemic species, Republic of Mauritius, 2000, 2009 and 2012/2013 Species / 2013 Near Threatened Rodrigues warbler (Acrocephalus rodericanus) 150 individuals in ,000 individuals 4,000 individuals (IUCN status: Endangered in 2012, downlisted to Near Threatened in 2013) Vulnerable Mauritius kestrel (Falco punctatus) 700 individuals +/- 600 individuals 362 individuals Mauritius cuckoo-shrike (Coracina typical) pairs > 350 pairs pairs Mauritius black bulbul (Hypsipetes olivaceus) pairs pairs 800 to 1,000 individuals Mauritius fruit bat (Pteropus niger) (IUCN status: Endangered in 2012, downlisted to Vulnerable in 2013) 10,000 26,000 52,250 individuals in ,000 individuals in 2013 Pink pigeon (Nesoenas mayeri) 400 individuals +/- 400 individuals 400 to 450 individuals Mauritius echo parakeet (Psittacula eques) (IUCN status: in 2007 downlisted Critically Endangered to Endangered) Rodrigues fody (Foudia flavicans) (IUCN status: Vulnerable in 2012, since 2013 Near Threatened) Mauritius fody (Foudia rubra) (IUCN status: Critically Endangered in 1994, downlisted to Endangered in 2009) 120 individuals +/- 440 individuals 600 individuals 900 individuals in ,000 individuals in 2010 Survey scheduled in pairs Black River Gorges National Park population stable at pairs, about individuals on Ile aux Aigrettes 420 individuals Rodrigues fruit bat (Peropus rodricensis) 70 < > 100 individuals in 1970 no data 10,000-15,000 individuals Guenther s gecko (Phelsuma guentheri) - - Mauritius olive white-eye (Zosterops chloronothos) Mauritius paradise flycatcher (Erpsiphone bourbonnensis desolata) < 100 pairs Source: 5 th National Report on the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2015 Endangered Critically Endangered < 100 pairs in Black River Gorges National Park and surrounding areas, 20 individuals on Ile aux Aigrettes Least Concern 4,000-6,000 individuals on Round Island 35 individuals on Ile aux Aigrettes 250 pairs > 250 pairs, some increases noted 800 individuals 1 No new surveys conducted, but thought to have increased Trends 2009 to 2012 Increase Decrease Decrease Increase Increase Stable Increase Stable Increase Increase Increase - 45

48 Table Areal estimates for the various Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESA) by type and sub- category, Republic of Mauritius, ESA Type Estimated Area (ha) Mauritius Rodrigues TOTAL Seagrass & mixed Algae 3,278 17,765 21,043 Sparse Seagrass 1, Frequent Seagrass Abundant Seagrass Dense Seagrass Coral reefs 6,306 7,005 13,311 Reef flat 2, Sparse Corals Frequent Corals 1, Abundant Corals Dense Corals Mangrove Sparse Mangrove Frequent Mangrove Abundant Mangrove Dense Mangrove Mud Flats ,575 Offshore Islets 1, ,450 Volcanic 1, Sand Calcarenitic limestone Coastal Freshwater Marshlands Upland Marsh Forests with Native Content 8, ,700 Very High Quality (Grade 1) High Quality (Grade 2) 1, Low Quality (Grade 3) 7, Steep Slopes 45,210 8,051 53,261 Moderately Steep (10-20%) 16,352 3,078.. Steep to Very Steep (> 20%) 28,858 4,973.. Source: Environmentally Sensitive Areas Classification Report, Ministry of Environment, Sustainable Development, and Disaster and Beach Management, Republic of Mauritius, 2009

49 Figure 8 - Map of Areal estimates for the various Environmentally Sensitive Areas by type and sub category, Source: Environmentally Sensitive Areas and Classification Report, Ministry of Environment, Sustainable Development, and Disaster and Beach Management, Republic of Mauritius, 2009