Hydropower - a sustainable European asset

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1 Hydropower - a sustainable European asset Karl Heinz Gruber CC Hydro Power Content 1 VGB PowerTech 2 Hydropower Generation and Potential in EU 27 3 Impact of Water Framework Directive 4 Continuous Strategic Planning Process 5 Public Acceptance for Hydropower 6 At a Glance VGB PowerTech e.v., PAGE 2 1

2 1 VGB PowerTech VGB PowerTech - the European Technical Association for power and heat generation 508 member companies from 36 countries with all generation-specific issues including environmental protection Utilities with in total 530,000 MW of installed capacity European manufacturers and supply industry with 203 member companies Promote and optimise the operational safety and environmental compatibility and availability and economic efficiency of existing plants and plants to be constructed for power and heat generation Organises training and advanced training of power plant personel in own facilities of PowerTech Training Centre and Simulator Centre Organises R&D projects via VGB RESEARCH FOUNDATION Co-operates closely with European associations like EURELECTRIC, EPPSA, EUnited Turbines, FORATOM and others VGB PowerTech e.v., PAGE 3 1 VGB PowerTech Renewables, Distributed Generation Hydro Power Wind Power Biomass Biogas Distributed Generation Competence Center Hydro Power VGB PowerTech e.v., PAGE 4 VERBUND Hydro Power AG AXPO BEW Lech-Elektrizitätswerke AG BKW Energie AG CEZ EDF EnBW Kraftwerke AG Energiedienst AG E.ON Wasserkraft GmbH EVN AG KELAG Kärtner Elektrizitäts AG Mark-E Aktiengesellschaft RWE AG Salzburg AG Schluchseewerk AG SEO Statkraft AS SWM Versorgungs GmbH TIWAG Tiroler Wasserkraftwerke AG Vattenfall Europe Generation AG Vorarlberger Illwerke AG Sponsors Alstom Hydro Andritz Hydro GmbH Voith Hydro GmbH 2

3 2 Hydropower Generation and Potential in EU 27 Annual generation 2011 Hydropower potential Possible generation 2011 hydro 11% hydro 20% ~ TWh 1) reduction criteria technical economical ecoligical social ~630 hydro 11% new renewables 11% conventional 78% theoretic 2) ~1,600TWh possible ~630TWh today used 1) ~350TWh hydro 20% new renewables 11% conventional 69% Further realistic hydropower potential EU 27: ~280TWh 3) Source: 1 Eurelectric: power statistics, 2 University Kassel: Lehner, 3 Eurelectric: hydro in europe VGB PowerTech e.v., PAGE 5 3 Impact of Water Framework Directive Consequences of the WFD implementation on the Hydropower- System and Projects Re-establish river continuity Equip most of the hydropower plants with fish passes Open questions about downstream migration and attraction flow High investment and energy losses due to attraction flow Austria: ~ 300 mln investment, ~ 0.3 TWh/a losses Europe 1 : > 2,5 bln investment, > 2,5 TWh/a losses Water abstraction residual flow Loss of hydropower generation (base load) Austria: ~ 1.8 TWh/a losses Europe 1 : > 15 TWh/a losses Photovoltaic generation in Germany 2011: 19.3 TWh Conflict with renewable energy targets 1) Austrian based conditions (raff estimation) VGB PowerTech e.v., PAGE 6 3

4 3 Impact of Water Framework Directive Consequences of the WFD implementation on the Hydropower- System and Projects Hydro-peaking Reduction of peaking ratio leads to Loss of flexibility in power generation Loss of ancillary services (scheduling, dispatch..) Loss of security of supply Lack of knowledge concerning relevant measures and their environmental and economical consequences No-deterioration principle Strong influence on new hydropower projects, approval only on the basis of exemptions (overriding public interest, no better environmental option, all possible measures to minimize negative impact) The No-deterioration principle does not prevent new projects but it has to be considered in the planning process. Secure the important role of hydropower in a future sustainable Europe by keeping generation losses low VGB PowerTech e.v., PAGE 7 4 Hydropower Projects - Continuous Strategic Planning Process Continuous strategic planning process History and Development River management in Europe Long time experiences in project- and site-planning (first hydropower plant 1880) All existent and new projects are results of extensive continuous strategic planning processes, considering all relevant aspects (technical, ecological, economical, infrastructural, administrative, acceptance etc) Result: Only a part of the Hydropower potential is used for electricity generation Hydropower potential theoretic potential 2) ~ 1,600 TWh (100%) - possible potential ~ 630 TWh (40%) remaining potential ~ 970 TWh (60%) theoretic 2) ~ 1,600TWh possible 3) ~ 630TWh today used 1) ~ 350TWh VGB PowerTech e.v., PAGE 8 60 % of the hydropower potential in EU 27 will keep untouched Sources: 1) Eurelectric Power Statistics 2) University Kassel 3) Eurelectric Power Statistics and Hydro in Europe 4

5 4 Hydropower Projects - Continuous Strategic Planning Process Project sites: results of extensive continuous strategic planning processes Hydropower potential in Austria on the basis of Regluative European and Austrian framework energy and renewable strategy integration of RES Techncal-regional framework river precisely plans (hydrology, gradient etc) infrastructure Economical framework Environmental framework protected areas by law (national parks, world heritage areas,..) sensitivity of the areas theoretic possible ~ 90 TWh ~ 56 TWh Acceptance today used ~ 39 TWh red. potential ~ 13 TWh Final decision on project level by examination of overriding public interest on the basis of a detailed catalog of criteria 40 % of the Hydropower potential in Austria will keep untouched VGB PowerTech e.v., PAGE 9 4 Hydropower Projects - Continuous Strategic Planning Process River-rehabilitation in a ecological highly sensitive area as a result of a extensive preplanning process During last decades excess river energy causes erosion of riverbed and threat of ecosystems Requirement of river engineering works lead to a transverse structure Restrictions: Floodplains and river are European protected areas (Natura 2000, FFH) Solution: Transverse Structure with integrated energy use stabilisation of erosion constant flow = ecological continuity Integration into the landscape river-rehabilitation and renewable energy with high public acceptance River-rehabilitation and energy generation: ramp with integrated turbines VGB PowerTech e.v., PAGE 10 5

6 5 Public Acceptance for Hydropower Opinion survey in ecological highly sensitive project area Majority of public community support hydropower generation in general and even in ecological highly sensitive areas (example Salzach region) Energy transition, possible without hydropower? 100% 50% 61% say impossible 0% River-rehabilitation with energy use? 100% 50% 63% say yes 0% Hydropower, a sustainable and environmentally friendly technology? 78% say yes 100% 50% 0% VGB PowerTech e.v., PAGE 11 6 At a Glance Hydropower A Sustainable European Asset Hydropower potential Further hydropower potential in EU 27 about 280TWh (Eurelectric) untouched hydro power potential in EU 27: 60% (970 TWh of theoretic potential) Water framework directive Reasonable implementation to secure the important role and function of hydropower for our and the European future Continuous strategic planning process All project sites are results of long-term continuous strategic planning processes Public acceptance Majority of people support hydropower in general and even in ecological highly sensitive project areas VGB PowerTech e.v., PAGE 12 6