NAMA in the Waste Sector: Waste to Resources for Cities in Vietnam

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1 NAMA in the Waste Sector: Waste to Resources for Cities in Vietnam Dr. Do Tien Anh, Acting Director Climate Change Research Center Viet Nam Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Climate Change Ha Noi, Viet Nam 19 May, 2015

2 Contents Context of the project Contents of NAMA proposal Expected Results

3 GHG emission of Viet Nam GHG emissions by sector in 2000 in CO 2 e Source: 2 nd National Communication of VN to UNFCCC, 2010

4 GHG emission from waste sector in 2000 Source: 2 nd National Communication of VN to UNFCCC, 2010

5 Legal framework for climate change mitigation and solid waste management in Vietnam Nam Vietnam s National Climate Change Strategy dated December 17 th 2011 sets the vision that by 2020, 90% municipal solid waste will be collected and treated, in which 85% will be reused, recycled and recovered for energy production. National Strategy for Integrated Management of Solid Waste up to 2025, vision towards 2050 sets the vision that by 2050 that all kinds of solid wastes will be collected, reused, recycled and treated completely by advanced technologies which are environmentally friendly, suitable to each locality and limiting the landfilling waste to the minimal level. Environment protection legislation Ex: Decree No.59/2007/N Đ-CP Recycling Ex: Decision No.03/2004/ QĐ-BTNMT Solid and hazardous waste Ex: Decree No.23/2005/CT- TTg Waste management infrastructure facilities Ex: Inter-Ministerial Circular No.01/2001/TTLT- BKHCNMT-BXD Toxic substance Ex: Decision No.1972/1999/ QĐ-BKHCNMT Fee and Charges Ex: Decision No.13/2007/QĐ- BXD Medical waste Ex: Decision No.62/2001/QĐ- BKHCNMT Vietnamese standards Ex: TCVN

6 Barriers to Waste Management in Vietnam Overlap of waste management and unclear function of related ministries/sectors so inefficient management; Sufficiency for other policies on solid waste management however lack of cooperation from implement establishments; Lack of awareness and capacities to fully implement existing policies and regulations on waste management; No mandate to close unsanitary landfills, and open dumping in common practice; No mandate on capturing of methane from landfills, or the requirement of landfill liners or leachate collection to prevent the contamination of ground water; Lack of instruments for efficient waste management.

7 Financial Barriers Expenses incurred with solid waste management constitute a substantial portion of city budgets. Income generated from collection fees are not enough to cover investment requirements. Local governments depend on the Central Government for subsidies or ODA funds for investment in new infrastructure and do not have a budget for capital and investment costs for new technology and capital in the waste sector beyond current BAU practices. Local banks do not have the capital or technical capacity to finance waste management facilities, including those of source separation, recycling, composting, and biogas/anaerobic digestion.

8 Objectives of the NAMA programme Overall objective: To reduce GHG emission in waste sector for cities in Viet Nam through the application of integrated solid waste management which considers waste is resource, contribute to sustainable development targets and attract climate international supports. Specific objectives Improvement of waste collection services in cities in Vietnam, and the promotion of 3R principles; The diversion of waste streams from landfill disposal and other end-of-pipe solutions; Sorting out of the organic and inorganic components of waste streams through the separation of waste at source; Promotion of the biological treatment of the organic waste, recycling and reuse of inorganic waste; Strengthening local authority capacity in solid waste management; Improvement and arrangement of roles and responsibilities of the Government and local authorities in solid waste management in Viet Nam (institutional management and arrangement); Sustainable development for local community.

9 Phases of NAMA Concept Preparation Phase (July 2013 Dec 2013) Pilot phase (Jan 2014 June 2015) NAMA-up-scaling phase (July 2015 Dec 2020) Elaboration of a detailed study on the NAMA concept and design; Conduct national kick-off workshop Data collection in select pilot cities Capacity building for local waste management stakeholders, e.g. URENCO under the People s Committee Implement pilot projects in cities across Vietnam. Full implementation of the NAMA throughout cities in Vietnam

10 IRRC model The inspiration and starting point for this NAMA has been the approach to MSW management that has been promoted by UN-ESCAP, in particular the key elements of the IRRC model Source of waste Processing Resources Waste IRRC 90% Compost Biogas Organic waste Inorganic waste Used cooking oil Others An Integrated Resource Recovery Center (IRRC) is a facility where a significant portion (80-90%) of waste can be processed in a cost effective way, in proximity to the source of generation, and in a decentralized manner. The IRRC concept is based on 3R principles 10% Recyclables RDF Biodiesels CERs Residues

11 Sustainable Financial Mechanism Operational costs IRRC facility Revenue Capital investments costs Profits Local Government... Private sector Others...

12 Institutional Arrangement for Project Implementation People s Committee Ministry of Natural resources and Environment Other Ministries (eg, MOT, MOC, MOIT, MOH, MPI ) Viet Nam Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Climate Change The Steering Committee UN-ESCAP Local Partners URENCO Project 1 URENCO Project 2... URENCO Project n Donnor 1 Donnor 2 Donnor n

13 NAMA MRV Methodology Ex-ante - BAU scenario (based on IMHEN NAMA-readiness in waste project) - Mitigation scenario => Expected GHG emissions reduction Project implementation Ex-post - MRV the GHG emission reduction of NAMA program In NAMA-readiness project (in collaboration with OECC), IMHEN calculated baseline emission of waste sector in 83 landfills in Viet Nam

14 Expected results GHG reduction benefits: The amount of GHG reductions achieved will depend on the number of projects implemented under the NAMA; A typical IRRC facility can process up to 20 ton organic waste per day, which can potentially reduce 6,600 tons of methane per year compared to BAU (according to rough estimation of IMHEN); Environmental benefits: The use of compost enriches soils with nutrients; Protection of groundwater and surface water resources; Reduction of environmental pollution in unhygienic landfills.

15 Economic benefits: Reduction of waste disposal costs incurred by municipalities, such as in waste transportation and landfill volume; Potential source of revenues through the sale of compost, biogas, electricity, heat, RDF, etc. Social benefits: Elimination of malodorous compounds; Reduction of vermin and pathogens; Potential for creating new jobs; Expected results One ton of waste processed can directly benefit 2,000-3,000 people; Increases the awareness of the community to 3R principles.

16 Financial Support and Expected Contributions IMHEN in-kind contribution Unilateral contribution (national and municipal governments) UN-ESCAP is willing to provide support on the following streams: Preparation of supporting studies and background documents for Phase 1; Identification and mobilization of stakeholders in Phase 1; Seed funding to selected pilot projects in Phase 2; Capacity building activities and knowledge sharing initiatives. Project Implementation Establishment of IRRCs in pilot cities Private Sector (project to project basis) International Support (10 mil 20 mil USD) Operational cost of IRRCs Up-scaling IRRCs in 21 cities of which baseline emission is calculated by IMHEN Awareness-raising in 21 cities

17 Results and Activities of NAMA Programme Result Activity Status 1. National stakeholders are consulted in the preparation and design of the NAMA programme 2. A NAMA-design study in prepared, with main elements of the programme summarized on a final policy brief 3. Identification and shortlisting of, at a minimum, two locations for carrying out pilot projects in the implementation phase of the NAMA programme 1.1. Identify relevant stakeholders in Viet Nam involved in the MSW and climate change Finished 1.2. Organize a kick-off workshop in Hanoi Finished 1.3. Organize and conduct a stakeholder consultation workshop in Hanoi Today 2.1. Elaborate the NAMA-design study On-going 2.2. Prepare a policy brief in both Vietnamese and English 2.3. Prepare and submit and application to the international NAMA Facility 3.1. Prepare a methodology for selecting locations and pilot projects 3.2. Conduct a survey to shortlist pilot cities and provinces 3.3. Conduct field trips, if necessary to meet with stakeholder and validate the findings of the survey Finished Finished Not yet Not yet Not yet

18 Key elements of NAMA Design Part Chapter Status I-Background and context of the NAMA II- Design elements of the waste-to-resource NAMA for cities in Viet Nam 1. Introduction and Background Finished 2. Analysis of the policy and institutional framework on climate change in Viet Nam Finished 3. Analysis of technologies and mitigation measures Finished 4. Analysis of technologies for NAMAs in the waste sector in Viet Nam Finished 5. Scaling-up the IRRC model into a NAMA programme Finished 6. Main elements and the boundaries of the programme Finished 7. Technical elements of the NAMA programme Finished 8. Financing of the NAMA programme On-going 9. Institutional arrangements for the NAMA Finished 10. Roadmap for implementing the NAMA On-going 11. Summary On-going

19 Thank You for Your Attention!

Vietnam - Waste Sector NAMA: Waste to Resources for Cities

Vietnam - Waste Sector NAMA: Waste to Resources for Cities Title: NAMA in the Waste Sector: Waste to Resources for Cities in Vietnam Sponsoring Country: Vietnam, Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and