Background. LEED Design. VAV Systems. VRML Models. Conclusion. Background. LEED Design. VAV Systems. VRML Models. Conclusion. Background.

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1 SCHOOL OF FOREST RESOURCES BUILDING Penn State University University Park, PA Project s and Recommendations 3 April 200 PROJECT BACKGROUND PROJECT OVERVIEW Size: 92,000 SF Project Laboratory Space: 28,000 SF Cost: $27,000,000 Construction: August 2004 December 200 Delivery Method: CM Agency CM Agency: Gilbane Building Company Designed as LEED Certified s and Recommendations WHAT IS LEED? Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Established by the US Green Building Council (USGBC) BENEFITS OF LEED Decrease energy costs Up to $6/SF for typical lab Decrease water consumption Voluntary, consensus based national standard for developing high performance, sustainable buildings Up to,000,000 gallons/year Reduced equipment size Four levels Certified: points Silver: points Gold: 39- points Platinum: 2-69 points Improved indoor environmental quality 20 26% improvement in learning / comprehension.6.9% improvement in classroom attendance 2 4% improvement in employee productivity

2 LEED - ING BY EXAMPLE DIFFICULTIES FOR LABORATORY BUILDINGS High demand for power and water Air quality requirements 00% outdoor air Minimum air flow rates Air changes per hour Maintain negative room pressure DONALD BREN HALL UC SANTA BARBARA First LEED Platinum certified laboratory building in the country Similar in size and scope to the Forest Resources building Keys to sustainability: Photovoltaic array on roof provides 0% of total electricity needed High efficiency variable air volume mechanical system Constructed from more than 40% recycled materials Water conservation and reclamation THE COST OF GOING GREEN FOREST RESOURCES BUILDING Designed for LEED Certification Could easily achieve Silver or even Gold certification Main areas of focus: Landscaping Water conservation Reduce total energy use Bren Hall achieved Platinum certification for only 2% above construction costs Project WHAT IS VAV? Variable Air Volume System varies the amount of air supplied to specific areas of the building based on demand s and Recommendations Advantages Reduced energy costs Reduced equipment sizes Disadvantages Higher initial cost Higher maintenance costs More sensors and control wiring needed 2

3 IS THERE A NEED FOR VAV SYSTEMS? ENERGY USE FOR A TYPICAL LAB VAV FOR LABORATORIES Must maintain room pressure Laboratory fume hoods Minimum air flow Sash position sensors Maintain constant conditions for experiments Override switch Source: labs2.org TYPICAL LABORATORY VAV ARRANGEMENT IS A VAV SYSTEM COST EFFECTIVE? Typical constant volume system $2 - $4 / SF of laboratory Typical VAV system $ - $7 / SF of laboratory VAV system alone can save up to $2 / SF per year on energy costs Life cycle cost analysis shows VAV to be a better economic investment over life of building MEP COORDINATION PROCESS Project Traditionally done with 2D drawings Difficult to visualize elevations and layout of components s and Recommendations 3

4 MEP COORDINATION USING VRML 3D model exported to Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) Goal of immersive virtual model is to reduce time needed to detect collisions Save time and money during coordination and construction Visualizing the layout and elevations of duct and piping is easier with the immersive virtual model than with traditional 2D drawings: 4 Using an immersive virtual model could speed up the MEP coordination process: Using an immersive virtual model during the MEP coordination process could help avoid delays during construction: 3 7 CONCERNS ON THE USE OF VRML One of the biggest drawbacks is the additional time and money needed to create the immersive virtual model Project Hopefully, this money would be made up during construction by having no delays or change orders Having an environment available to view an immersive virtual model in stereo can be costly and space consuming Taking advantage of facilities such as this one could be beneficial s and Recommendations 4

5 CONCLUSION QUESTIONS LEED Certification is a worthwhile and rewarding endeavor Main focus for Forest Resources building should be reduced energy use Using a VAV system can greatly reduce energy consumption Special attention should be given to laboratory requirements Visualizing MEP coordination drawings can be greatly enhanced by immersive virtual models Some barriers do exist that make the technology not quickly adopted into the construction industry Immersive virtual models can be an economically rewarding investment LC = IC + AC * (( + i)^n ) / (i * ( + i)^n) where: LC = life cycle cost IC = initial cost AC = annual cost (energy + maintenance) i = interest rate n = number of years 20 Year Period Given economic factors: Interest rate = 8% Service Life = 20 years Constant Volume system Initial cost = $364,000 Energy cost = $68,000 / year Maintenance cost = $3,000 / year Variable Air Volume system Initial cost = $448,000 Energy cost = $2,000 / year Maintenance cost = $38,000 / year Constant Volume life cycle cost LC = 364,000 + (3, ,000) * (( )^20 ) / (0.08 * ( )^20) LC = $2,37,000 Variable Air Volume life cycle cost LC = 448,000 + (38, ,000) * (( )^20 ) / (0.08 * ( )^20) LC = $,92,000