New Construction of Waste Incineration Plants in Austrian Redevelopment Zones

Transcription

1 New Construction of Waste Incineration Plants in Gerd Mauschitz Creation of University Enterprise Cooperation Networks for Education on Sustainable Technologies TEMPUS Meeting November 15 th 2010, Vienna

2 Motivation The lecture gives a short overview about the installation of new waste incineration plants in Austria, especially in zones where a relative high background exposure to air pollutants actually exists. Especially the high status of clean air technology which is used in Austrian waste incineration plants to mitigate air pollutants will be explained. Without these purification technologies no waste incinerator can set into operation. 2

3 Arguments for construction of new incineration plants in compliance with relevant regulations by law (e.g. ordinance on landfills 2005), growing waste quantities, especially of bulky refuse, industrial waste, and municipal waste, rising number of inhabitants, increasing number of single person households, decreasing number of local suppliers (grocery stores), growing number and increasing sales areas of supermarkets, 3

4 Arguments for the construction of new incineration plants sales promotion: Take 3, pay only for 2!, prohibition of agricultural recovery of municipal sewage sludge, saving of fossil fuels, generating electricity, district and process heat, mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, increasing requirements of lower-cost energy for industry. 4

5 New waste incineration plants in Austria Company Location Remarks Start of operation Combustion technology Thermal output [MW] Capacity [t waste /a] WAV (AVE) Wels line 2 Jun.06 grate firing ,000 FWW Pfaffenau Pfaffenau 2 lines Sep.08 grate firing ,000.A.S.A. Zistersdorf Mar.09 grate firing ,000 AVN Dürnrohr line 3 Sep.09 grate firing ,000 RHKW (Linz AG) Linz 2011 fluidized bed ,000 Total 361 1,068,000 5

6 Immission limit values by Austrian Ambient Air Quality Standard (IG-L) Pollutant HMW MW8 TMW JMW Suspended particulate matter [µg/m 3 ] PM 10 [µg/m 3 ] (20) 1) Lead (Pb) on PM 10 [µg/m 3 ] ,5 Nitrogen dioxide [µg/m 3 ] ) 30 Sulphur dioxide [µg/m 3 ] Carbon monoxide [mg/m 3 ] Benzene [µg/m 3 ] ) Target value Legend: HMW half hourly average value; MW8 mean value of eight hours; TMW daily average value; JMW yearly average value 6

7 Minimum number of monitoring points (acc. to IG-L; 2009 in operation) Pollutant Minimum number of monitoring points 2009 in operation SO NO X CO PM Lead (Pb) Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni) Benzene Benzo-(a)-pyrene Ozone Particulate deposition not defined 164 Pb, Cd on particulate deposition not defined 114 [%] 7

8 Number of exceeding of PM 10 limit value (acc. IG-L) Province Monitoring point TMW - exceedance Vienna Upper Austria Lower Austria max. TMW [µg/m³] JMW [µg/m³] Belgradplatz Stadlau Liesing Taborstraße Rinnböckstraße Linz, Neue Welt Linz, Römerbergtunnel Klosterneuburg Schwechat

9 Number of exceeding of PM10 limit value (acc. IG-L) Province Monitoring point TMW - exceedance Styria max. TMW [µg/m³] JMW [µg/m³] Hartberg Knittelfeld Köflach Leibnitz Peggau Voitsberg Graz Don Bosco Graz Mitte Graz Nord Graz Ost Graz Süd Graz West

10 Number of exceeding of PM 10 limit value (acc. IG-L) Province Monitoring point TMW - exceedance Carinthia max. TMW [µg/m³] JMW [µg/m³] Klagenfurt St. Andrä Wolfsberg Tyrol Innsbruck Vorarlberg Höchst

11 Number of exceeding of PM 10 limit value (acc. IG-L) 11

12 Irrelevance principle - tolerance criteria Additional impact for immission situation maximally 3% of daily average value, maximally 1% of annually average value. 12

13 Capacities and starting dates for three waste incineration plants in Austrian redevelopment zones Location Capacity Start of operation Redevelopment zone Wien Pfaffenau 250,000 t/a 2008 PM 10, NO X RHKW Linz 238,000 t/a 2011 PM 10, NO X RVH-Heiligenkreuz 325,000 t/a 2014? PM 10 13

14 Municipal waste incineration plants in Vienna Location Realized capacity Start of operation Projected capacity Flötzersteig 200,000 t/a Spittelau 260,000 t/a ,000 t/a Pfaffenau 250,000 t/a ,000 t/a 14

15 Municipal waste incineration plants in Vienna 15

16 NGPS Simmering Biomass power station MWI Pfaffenau HWI EbS Waste water treatment Biogas power station Simmering 16

17 Operating parameters of MWI Pfaffenau MVA Pfaffenau Quantity of incinerated waste 250,000 t/a Consumption of light fuel oil 250 t/a Thermal capacity 624 GWh Steam production (vessel) 745,000 t/a Thermal capacity (steam) 544 GWh Electrical capacity (generator) 99 GWh el Power supply (grid) 68 GWh el Heat supply (district heating grid) 407GWh th Energetic efficiency % Station supply (electricity) 4 MW Station supply (steam) 10.3 t/h 17

18 Emission limits for MWI Pfaffenau Pollutant / [mg/m 3 ] HMW TMW application official application official TSP TOC HCl HF SO NO X CO Hg Mean value hours application official Cd + Tl Heavy metals NH PAHC Mean value 6-8 hours application official Dioxin/Furan 0.1 ng/m ng/m 3 PCB ng/m 3 B(a)P µg/m 3 18

19 Potential of emission substitution MWI Pfaffenau [kg/year] Scenario Source/Sink TSP 2) NO X SO 2 CO Evaluation A B C D E F G H Emissions MWI Pfaffenau 1 ) Substitution: heat supply on heating station Substitution: heat supply on households Substitution: electric power supply Regional balance A minus B 1,400 34,000 2,700 31,200 regional 3,200 42,400 26,100 4,000 regional 31, , ,700 1,150,500 regional 500 6,400 4,700 1,700 national -1,900-8,400-23,400 27,000 regional Regional balance A minus C -30,300-88, ,000-1,119,300 regional National balance A minus B minus D -2,300-14,800-28,100 25,500 national National balance A minus C minus D -30,800-95, ,700-1,121,200 national 1) These values are the mass flows of emissions calculated by using the emission limits which were applied in environmental risk assessment 2) Total suspended particulates 19

20 Process flow sheet of MWI Pfaffenau Steam turbine SCR 4NO+4NH 3 +O 2 4N 2 +6H 2 O 6NO 2 +8NH 3 7N 2 +12H 2 O Crane Recovery boiler District heating Electrostatic Precipitator ESP Scrubber Activated carbon adsorber Denoxing (SCR) Waste hopper Grate firing Slag cooler Waste water treatment SO 2 +½O 2 +CaCO 3 CaSO 4 +CO 2 CaO+H 2 O Ca(OH) 2 SO 2 +½O 2 +Ca(OH) 2 CaSO 4 +H 2 O Grate slag Scrap Boiler slag ESP dust Filter cake CaSO 4 Clean water 20

21 Municipal waste incineration plant RHKW Linz Expected input Mass flow Municipal waste from Linz 100,000 t/a Sewage sludge (30% dry matter) 50,000 t/a Industrial partners 70,000 t/a 21

22 RHKW Linz RHKW Linz 22

23 Stack 180m high RHKW Linz aerial view (photomontage) Mechanical waste treatment (MWT) and fuel storage Municipal waste incineration plant Conveying equipment for waste from MWT to the waste incinerator 23

24 Concentration of pollutants Emission limits for RHKW Linz Half hourly mean value Daily mean value Annually mean value Application Official Application Official Application Official NO X [mg/m³] CO [mg/m³] SO 2 [mg/m³] TSP 3) [mg/m³] PM 10 [mg/m³] TOC [mg/m³] HCl [mg/m³] HF [mg/m³] Hg [mg/m³] HMs 4) [mg/m³] ) Cd + TI [mg/m³] ) ) - - NH 3 [mg/m³] ) 5 1) - - Dioxine [ng/m 3 ] 0.1 2) 1) Mean value 0,5-8 hours 2) Mean value 6-8 hours 3) Total suspended particulates 4) Heavy metals (total) 24

25 Emission limits for RHKW Linz TSP: PM 10 : NO x : Hg: HMW, JMW reduced HMW, TMW, JMW additionally (acc. AVV) HMW, TMW, reduced TMW, JMW, reduced Legend: TSP Total suspended particulates HMW Half hourly mean value TMW Daily mean value JMW Annually mean value AVV Regulations for waste incineration (BGBl. II Nr. 296/2007) 25

26 NO x Immission concentration 2007 in Upper Austria and Vienna Province Monitoring point max. HMW HMW >200 µg/m³ JMW Upper Austria Enns Eckmayermühle Upper Austria Enns Kristein Upper Austria Krenglbach Linz 24er Türme Linz Neue Welt Linz Römerbergtunnel Vienna Belgradplatz Vienna Floridsdorf Vienna Gaudenzdorf Vienna Hietzinger Kai Vienna Laaer Berg Vienna Rinnböckstrasse Vienna Stephansplatz Vienna Taborstraße Vienna Währinger Gürtel

27 Process flow sheet of RHKW Linz Residues Sewage sludge Electricity and heat generation District heating Water SiO 2 CaCO 3 Fluidez bed incinerator & steam vessel Scrubber Denoxing (SCR) Residues ESP Adorbent Centrifuge Ca(OH) 2 NH 4 (OH) Waste water treatment Combustion air Bed slag Boiler slag Fine ash CaSO 4 Neutralisation sludge 27

28 Regional importance of the location Business Park Heiligenkreuz Heiligenkreuz 28

29 Automobile Company Opel Bath St. Gotthard National border Business Park Heiligenkreuz Biomass incinerator Lenzing Fibres RVH Heiligenkreuz 29

30 PM 10 - Emissions in Burgenland (2007) Monitoring point EISENSTADT OBERWART KITTSEE Measured value PM 10 PM 10 PM 10 Unit [µg/m³] [µg/m³] [µg/m³] Maximum* Max. limit value* Number of exceedings * Daily mean value (TMW) 30

31 Expected input RVH Heiligenkreuz Calorific value [MJ/kg] Mix 2 [t/a] Municipal waste ,000 Sewage sludge ,000 Residues of water treatment, wood, a.o ,000 Total fuels (average incl. sewage sludge) ,000 Total thermal capacity 99 MW 31

32 Residues Dust Sewage sludge Carbon Electricity and heat generation Steam Electricity Additives CaCO SiO 2 3 Fluidized bed incinerator & vessel Condensate Denoxing (SCR) Adsorber ESP Water Acti. C Ca(OH) 2 NH 4 (OH) Residues Combustion air Process flow sheet RVH Heiligenkreuz Bed slag Metalls Boiler slag Fine ash Metall recycling Hazardous waste deposit 32

33 Applied limit values of emission for RVH Heiligenkreuz EU-regulation 2000/76 Waste incineration Regulation for waste incineration AVV, BGBl II 2002/389 RVH Heiligenkreuz projected TMW* TMW* TMW* HMW* [mg/m 3 (Vn)] [mg/m 3 (Vn)] [mg/m 3 (Vn)] [mg/m 3 (Vn)] NO x CO SO TSP 1) TOC 2) HCl HF * Related to dry flue gas and 11 Vol.-% O 2 1) Total suspended matter 2) Total organic compounds 33

34 MMK Frohnleiten aerial photograph & photomontage Thermal capacity: 160 MW; quantity of fired waste: 450,000 t/a 34

35 Waste incineration in Austria (2013) Thermal capacity [MW] Quantity of fired waste Name Location Remarks Technology [t waste /year] MVA Flötzersteig Flötzersteig 3 lines 1963 Grate ,000 MVA Spittelau Spittelau 2 lines 1971 Grate ,000 FWW Pfaffenau Pfaffenau 2 lines Sep.08 Grate ,000 AVN Dürnrohr Line Grate ,000 Line 3 Sep.09 Grate ,000.A.S.A. Zistersdorf Mar.09 Grate ,000 Line Grate ,000 WAV (AVE) Wels Line 2 Jun.06 Grate ,000 RVL (AVE, Lenzing) Lenzing 2004 Fluidized bed ,000 RHKW (Linz AG) Linz 2011 Fluidized bed ,000 TRV (ENAGES) Niklasdorf Dec.03 Fluidized bed ,000 MMK (Mayr-Melnhof) Frohnleiten 2 lines 2013? Fluidized bed ,000 KRV Arnoldstein Sep.04 Grate 30 80,000 RVH (BEGAS) Heiligenkreuz 2 lines 2012? Fluidized bed ,000 Total Start of Operation 1, ,148,000 35

36 Résumé Mitigation of emissions must be done using a clean air technology, which shall be always state of the art. In any case the application of clean air technology which is state of the art is essential, even if the atmospheric load in the redevelopment zone is more influenced by other emission sources (e.g. traffic). The implementation of clean air technology must be economically practicable. Waste heat recovery is a main issue for the selection of process technology and for the selection of plant site, to minimize the immission load in the redevelopment zones. During the evaluation process of a new project the overall immission inventory must also include the immissions of all other emission sources situated in the redevelopment area. Limit values of immissions which are regulated by law must be periodically adapted to be always state of the art. The evaluation of the methods for immission mitigation within the redevelopment zone must be independent on the evaluation of green house gas emissions. 36

37 Thank you for your attention! 37