THE ASHRAE BUILDING ENERGY LABELING PROGRAM

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1 THE ASHRAE BUILDING ENERGY LABELING PROGRAM William P. Bahnfleth, PhD, PE, FASHRAE, FASME The Pennsylvania State University ASHRAE Illinois Chapter December 11, 2012

2 Outline Background ASHRAE s Labeling Program Overview In-Operation beq Details beq and Certification Relationship of beq to Other Programs Program Implementation Current Status Summary Further Information

3 Background

4 Labeling = Energy Certification Description of energy use characteristics Information for prospective users concerning efficiency Options for improvement L. Pérez-Lombard, et al Energy and Buildings 41:

5 Objectives/Benefits of Labeling Promote energy efficiency in real estate market Identify buildings with good performance for potential tenants/buyers Identify energy efficiency measures Support regulation of building efficiency Add to building performance database

6 Why is ASHRAE getting involved? Technical capability Experience as a consensus standards developer Growing emphasis on building performance Energy certification is being implemented worldwide ASHRAE s global influence supports consistent standards

7 Other Building Rating Efforts International - EU, Singapore, Canada U.S.: EPA ENERGY STAR DOE asset rating (under development) USGBC LEED GBI Green Globes Sustainability rating BOMA 360 Energy is one of six O&M-focused criteria State disclosure programs California, New York, DC

8 Status of US Disclosure Programs Source: Institute for Market Transformation updated 11/12

9 Coverage of Current Disclosure Policies Floor area, ft 2 # of Buildings Source: Institute for Market Transformation updated 11/12

10 Why Should Professionals & Owners Care? Professionals An additional service for consulting firms and others Required certifications demonstrate competency Owners Benchmarking Participation enhances a company s image reputation Economic benefit of improving design and operation Potential for mandatory labeling and related requirements in future

11 Key Issues Modeled or measured (new/existing) Performance index Energy labeling scale Energy modeling/measurement method Information gathering requirements (what, by whom) Identification of energy efficiency measures Communication: (label, dashboard, certificate, workbook) Implementation: voluntary vs. mandatory

12 ASHRAE s Labeling Program - Overview

13 Building Energy Quotient (beq) As Designed rating New or existing building Based on components specified in design Rates quality of building design Based on energy model by certified modeler (BEMP) In Operation rating Existing buildings Based on measured energy use Rates combined effect of design and operation Requires months of operation for new buildings Includes ASHRAE Level 1 audit by certified assessor (BEAP)

14 Performance Index What is measured? Site energy Source energy On-site renewables Emissions What is the reference case? Occupancy Climate zone???

15 ASHRAE s Index Normalized Source Energy Use Intensity Modeled (As Designed) or measured (In Operation) energy per unit of area Represent as % of modeled or calculated reference value

16 As Designed beq EUI As-Built Source energy use of actual building design computed using standard occupancy and operational schedules Site-source conversion based on typical conversion factors EUI Standard Representative middle-of-distribution performance beq As Designed EUI As Built = 100 EUI Standard

17 In Operation beq EUI Measured Measured energy use intensity EUI Median Median measured energy use for similar type, climate beq In Operation EUIMeasured = 100 EUI Median

18 As Designed & In Operation Rating Coordination? Ideally, could compare asset and operational rating However... Modeling for asset rating based on standardized assumptions In Operation rating reflects behavior of real occupants, may included loads not modeled in asset rating Modeling rules need to achieve ~ median EUI for real buildings

19 Rating Scale Approaches Statistical Technical Potential Compare value to mean of actual distribution Compare to what is possible, practical, typical as defined by codes Technical potential scales can rate performance that falls outside the current distribution, like net zero or net positive buildings

20 Technical Potential vs. Statistical Scale

21 Communication beq Scales Rating Scale Rating Description Original Revised Original Revised 0 0 A+ Net-Zero Energy Zero Net Energy A High Performance High Performance A- Very Good Very Good B Good Efficient C Fair Average D Poor Inefficient >125 >145 F Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory Original descriptions and scale ranges have been adjusted based on pilot results.

22 Communication - beq Labels Same label format and scale for As Designed and In Operation

23 Communication beq Dashboard Building Energy Quotient Dashboard EXAMPLE BUILDING BUILDING TYPE: Office 000 MAIN STREET ASSESSMENT YEAR: 2010 ANYTOWN, ST As Designed BEST In Operation Buildng Gross Square Footage 0 A+ Net Zero Energy Buildng Gross Square Footage Original Consruction Date Major Renovation Dates 25 A Original Consruction Date Major Renovation Dates Total Modeled Building Energy Use (kbtu) Renewable Energy kbtu Renewable Energy % 55 A- Total Measured Building Energy Use (kbtu) Renewable Energy kbtu Renewable Energy % Modeled Site EUI (kbtu/ft 2 -yr) As Designed Modeled Source EUI (kbtu/ft 2 -yr) Typical Modeled ECI ($/ft 2 -yr) 115 B C Median Measured Site EUI (kbtu/ft 2 -yr) Measured Source EUI (kbtu/ft 2 -yr) Measured ECI ($/ft 2 -yr) Previous As Designed Rating Scores 145 D Previous In Operation Rating Scores ENERGY STAR Target Finder ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager Other Ratings Awarded F Other Ratings Awarded WORST

24 Communication beq Certificate More detailed documentation including, Site/source use by energy source type Electric demand Energy cost Emissions Energy saving features Subsystem energy use IEQ compliance

25 beq Certificate

26 Communication- Workbook Detailed data and analysis that is the basis of the rating Completed by the professional Submitted electronically to ASHRAE for rating

27 In-Operation beq Details

28 Process Owner retains BEAP certified assessor, pays assessor directly based on negotiated fees Owner pays $500 registration fee to ASHRAE Assessor performs audit ( level 1 + ) and completes forms (Excel spreadsheet) Forms are uploaded to ASHRAE web site together with signed Terms and Conditions form Submittal is reviewed/approved by beq Committee Complaint procedure for disputed ratings

29 Workbook Terms and Conditions

30 Form 1 - Building Characteristics Building contact person Year of construction Area, floors Brief description Renovation history Commissioning history On-site renewables Design and operational credentials

31 Form 2 Energy Calculations

32 Form 3 IEQ Screening Confirm that IEQ has not been compromised by pursuit of energy efficiency Measurements on identified areas Optional survey Comfort Lighting Ventilation

33 Form 4 Suggestions for Additional Energy Savings Envelope Lighting HVAC Utility Operation Based on judgment of assessor Include rough cost and payback estimate

34 Form 5 Energy End-Use Breakdown Optional, if data is available Assessor fills in table and pie chart is generated automatically

35 beq and Certification

36 Required Certifications As Designed rating Building Energy Modeling Professional (BEMP) In Operation rating Building Energy Assessment Professional (BEAP) ASHRAE Certification information web page ASHRAE certifications require Combination of education and experience Mastery of specified body of knowledge (pass exam) Periodic renewal

37 Building Energy Modeling Professional Certify ability to: evaluate and choose use and calibrate interpret the results of energy modeling software applied to new and existing buildings >200 certified since start of program in 2010 Certificants from US, Brazil, Canada, India, Ireland, Turkey

38 Building Energy Assessment Professional Certify ability to audit and analyze residential, commercial, and industrial buildings, including: determining project scope collecting data analyzing building performance interpreting results evaluating alternatives recommending energy conservation measures assisting with ECM implementation >100 certified since start of program in Feb Certificants from US, Argentina, Puerto Rico

39 Find certified individuals at ASHRAE web

40 Illinois BEAP & BEMP Certifications

41 beq vis a vis Other Programs

42 Europe Directive 2002/91/EC On the energy performance of buildings Standard EN Energy performance of buildings methods for expressing energy performance and for energy certification of buildings (2007) Explicit effort to learn from EU experience Austria England & Wales Greece Italy

43 ENERGY STAR (US EPA) Statistical rating recognizes top 25% of buildings of similar type Pass/no-pass Awarded to ~9000 buildings of ~120,000 evaluated Based on 2003 CBECS data most ENERGY STAR buildings would receive a B or better beq Type 25% 50% beq Grade Description Retail A- Very Good Office-Mixed B Efficient Hospital C Average Dormitory B Average Median B Efficient Based on data from Energy Performance Measurement Institute

44 In Operation beq for Minimum ENERGY STAR 100 beq differentiates more all 75 ENERGY STAR, but four beq levels C "Average" (86-115) 75 Median, B "Efficient" (56-85) 25 A- "Very Good" (26-55) 0 A "High Performance" (1-25) Refrigerated Warehouse Vacant Vehicle storage/maintenance Entertainment/Culture Non-Refrigerated Warehouse Other Lodging Repair Shop Other Retail Other (all other types) Retail Stores (non-mall stores) Distribution/Shipping Center Vehicle Repair/Service Shop Restaurant/Cafeteria Recreation Fast Food Self-storage Medical Office (non-diagnostic) Convenience store (with Gas Station) Preschool/Daycare Other Office Medical Office (diagnostic) Other Service Religious Worship Convenience store (without Gas Station) Other Food Service Library Mixed-Use Office Social/Meeting Clinic/Other Outpatient Health Laboratory Elementary/Middle School Bank / Financial Institution Vehicle Dealerships/Showrooms Administrative/Professional Office Post Office/Postal Center Strip Mall Other Classroom Education Motel or Inn Grocery Store/Food Market Government Office Hotel Dormitory/Fraternity/Sorority Other Food Sales Nursing Home, Assisted Living Fire Station/Police Station High School Other Public Assembly Courthouse Enclosed Mall Hospital/Inpatient Health Based on 2003 CBECS analysis by Energy Performance Measurement Institute

45 Effect of Distribution Shape - Example Two hypothetical building types with normal distributions of EUI: same mean, different standard deviation

46 Effect of Distribution Shape 2003 CBECS Minimum ENERGY STAR EUI varies from 15% to 91% of median 250 Percent of Median EUI Energy Star Refrigerated Warehouse Medical Office (diagnostic) Hotel Hospital/Inpatient Health Percentile of Building Type EUI Based on 2003 CBECS analysis by Energy Performance Measurement Institute

47 LEED (USGBC) 110 point scale covering site, water, energy/atmosphere, materials/resources, IEQ, innovation/design process 40 points for minimum certified rating, 50/60/80 for silver/gold/platinum New Construction Prerequisite 10% better than ASHRAE Energy efficiency: 1 19 points for exceeding ASHRAE 90.1 by 12 to 48% technical potential basis Existing Buildings Prerequisite 69 ENERGY STAR equivalent Energy efficiency 1 18 points for ENERGY STAR equivalent statistical basis beq could serve as a consistent energy rating method for both

48 US Department of Energy Asset Rating Asset rating = as-designed In development - source energy calculated from national conversion factors like Portfolio Manager Technical performance scale Asset rating tool User enters data, does not perform simulation Multiple levels of input detail Simulation and report generated without user intervention Free/cheap two levels of rating Too early to judge impact on beq early discussions about complementary relationship we ll see Soliciting partners for pilot, ASHRAE is enrolled

49 DOE Calculation Method Source: Commercial Building Energy Asset Rating Pilot Project Information Session, March 2012, Nora Wang & Cody Taylor

50 Program Implementation

51 beq Development Plan beq Program - Rollout Schedule Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep ASHRAE Labeling Program Kick-off Pilot Buildings Selected Modeling certification available In Operation Pilot Period As Designed Pilot Period Assessor Certification Available In Operation Rating Launched

52 In Operation Rating Pilot

53 In Operation Pilot Rated 21high profile buildings around the U.S. from some of the largest private and public landlords Building characteristics Mostly office buildings, pre-1900 to post-2005, median 1985 <100,000 sf to >1,000,000 sf DOE climate zones 2 6 Most ENERGY STAR rated Provisional assessors (pre-beap)

54 Major Participants

55 In Operation Pilot Findings Most good buildings will get a grade of B some better, some worse (Pilot: 5 A-, 14 B, 2 C using adjusted scale) Energy savings opportunities seen as most beneficial aspect of program Occupant surveys were not accepted in the marketplace Typical professional hours for ratings Building personnel need to be engaged

56 Issues from In Operation Rating Pilot Need to maintain differentiation from ENERGY STAR and other alternative programs to secure marketplace niche Costs for obtaining labels Extending rating normalization to additional building types Reaction of owners to less than stellar ratings? Scale was adjusted based on pilot results Nine of twenty-one pilot buildings requested labels: 4 A- rated buildings and 5 B rated buildings

57 As Designed Rating Pilot

58 Issues/Approach Compare model of actual building with reference building Modeling rules for schedules, plug loads, etc.? What is the baseline? What is the significance of modeler effect? To maximize ability to compare with operational rating (CBECS-based for US) use DOE Benchmark Building models for small, medium, large office buildings with ASHRAE Standard equipment efficiencies To investigate modeler effect, each pilot building will be modeled by 2-3 BEMPs

59 Current Status

60 As of November 2012 In-Operation Rating Launched in March 2012 Four submissions to date, one awarded, two pending First labeled building: Philadelphia Navy Yard Building 101 As-Designed Rating Pilot still underway Goal of roll-out in early 2013

61 Summary

62 Summary ASHRAE s beq labelling program... is essentially a voluntary certification program is a technical potential method that draws on successful features of other US and European building certifications complements or could complent other green building rating systems and energy certification programs can be a tool to stimulate adoption of high performance building techniques In Operation rating launched in March 2012 As Designed rating launch expected in early 2013

63 Further Information ASHRAE beq web site: Technical Questions: ASHRAE Staff: Lilas Pratt Manager, Special Projects Phone: ASHRAE beq Committee: Amy Musser, Chair Background Pérez-Lombard, L., J. Ortiz, R. Gonález, I. Maestre A review of benchmarking, rating and labelling concepts within the framework of building energy certification schemes. Energy and Buildings 41: Bill Bahnfleth wbahnfleth@psu.edu

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