Marco Scarpellino

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Marco Scarpellino"

Dominic Blair
6 years ago
Views:

1 Thermal Vacuum Power from the Sun Driving double effect absorp4on chillers with sta4onary, mirrorless high- vacuum flat panels in Saudi Arabia Marco Scarpellino September 2015

thermal, receiving the pres6gious prizes: (i) Intersolar Award; (ii) WIPO Innova6ve Enterprise Award; (iii) Saint- Gobain Nova

2 Company Profile TVP Solar SA is a Swiss company headquartered in Geneva which designs, develops, manufactures and markets innova4ve high- vacuum flat solar thermal panels based on patented IP Interna6onally recognized as a game changer in solar thermal, receiving the pres6gious prizes: (i) Intersolar Award; (ii) WIPO Innova6ve Enterprise Award; (iii) Saint- Gobain Nova Award Mission: to establish high- vacuum flat panels as the reference technology in solar thermal industry and become compe66ve with fossil fuels 2

Thermal Vacuum Power Charged Panels TVP solar thermal panels take full advantage of high- vacuum insula6on in a planar layout, achieving high efficiencies up to 200 C without concentra6on Glass Plate

3 Thermal Vacuum Power Charged Panels TVP solar thermal panels take full advantage of high- vacuum insula6on in a planar layout, achieving high efficiencies up to 200 C without concentra6on Glass Plate High- Vacuum Insula4on Heat Absorber Glass Support Structure Fluid Pipe TVP panels can operate at high temperature with high efficiency, without requiring any concentra6on (absorbing both direct and diffuse light) Energy output is increased by at least 30% vs. concentrators due to diffuse light capture 11 patents, with innova6ons on the box, the seal, the absorber and the fabrica6on 3

4 Solar KeyMark Cer4fied Best Performance 0.90 CS 200-4F Efficiency (η) Solar Heat for Industrial Processes Solar Air Cooling (2E Absorption Chiller) MT- Power (v3.11) MCT- HT- 001 SopoNova 4.1 Seido (Tm - Ta) C Based on Aperture Area, Global Irradiance 1000 W/m 2 (850 W/m 2 DNI) 4

$63% Even in high irradiance loca6ons, diffuse light represents a significant frac6on of annual solar energy input due to clouds and pollu6on, resul6ng in yearly averages much larger than the 15% used$

5 The Importance of Diffuse Light (I) kwh/y/m2 Direct And Diffuse Irradia4on direct + diffuse light (TVP Solar) direct light (concentrators) % 61% Source: METEONORM % Even in high irradiance loca6ons, diffuse light represents a significant frac6on of annual solar energy input due to clouds and pollu6on, resul6ng in yearly averages much larger than the 15% used for peak performance evalua6on Increasing the efficiency of a solar collector by concentra6on reduces diffuse light capturing by the inverse of the concentra6ng factor due to basic op6cs laws 500 Diffuse light also plays a significant role at dawn and at dusk, due to low- angle light scafering, impac6ng solar field energy produc6on 0 Madrid San Diego Cairo 5

panels do not require precision cleaning (mandatory for concentrators) and eﬃciency

6 The Importance of Diﬀuse Light (II) Dust deposits further increase the diﬀuse light component due to scayering Thanks to both direct and diﬀuse light capturing, TVP panels do not require precision cleaning (mandatory for concentrators) and eﬃciency is only reduced when dust accumula6on becomes severe (glass transparency reduc6on) 6

7 SAC Pilot: The Tes4ng Framework The Client and its ac4vi4es The client is a big Saudi Company opera6ng in the O&G sector. Project mo4va4on The client wants to reduce oil consump6on. They found that Air Condi6oning is one of the process with the highest energy consump6on of any others within the company, in general via electric chillers. The electricity for all processes and needs in Saudi is mainly produced by burning oil. They have decided to install a SAC pilot plant with TVP panels driving a double stage absorp6on chiller to serve in par6cular the library room (approx. 180 m 2 of surface) of the company s bachelor recrea6on building. The choice of a TVP solar field is due to the lower O&M cost (no moving parts) and the lower effect of dust on the performance of the solar panels vs. concentrators. SAC Pilot Test Goals: Client, Ac4vi4es and Mo4va4on 1. Verify TVP MT- Power panel efficiency and ability to drive a double- stage absorp6on chiller up to 180 C 2. Verify double- stage absorp6on chiller opera6on in KSA climate 3. Verify solar- driven double- stage absorp6on chiller opera6on in KSA climate 7

8 SAC Pilot: Overview MT- Power opera4ng in eastern Saudi Arabia for first ever SAC installa4on Key Specifica4ons The solar field is made of 5 strings of 10 MT- Power panels version 3.22 (aperture area 1.05m 2 each), connected via 240 linear meters (LM) of piping (65 LM in strings LM manifold + 70 LM flexible hoses) and a 1m 3 hot water smoothing tank. The heat transfer fluid (HTF) circula6ng in the solar field is pressurized water up 14.5bar The weather sta6on records ambient temperature, wind, diffuse, direct, and 6lted light Double- stage absorp6on chiller is a 21 kw hot water Broad BCTZH23 (max COP 1.1), w/integrated diesel burner Serving cooling to a library room of 180 m 2 opera6ng from 9:30am to 3:30pm, sharing the duc6ng with an exis6ng electric A/C system (automa6c switch via dumper) TVP monitoring system delivers real- 6me data on energy produc6on and power (thermal and cooling), weather data, status of solar field, chiller and fan coil, and target room temperature SAC Opera4on Logic Sequence 1. The chiller supplies cooling energy depending on room needs, only when required 2. To operate, the chiller requires between 100 C to 180 C hot water (thermal energy) depending on cooling needs (triggered by: indoor room temperature, external ambient temperature, solar irradiance) 3. The chiller thermal requirement is sa6sfied alterna6vely by either solar or diesel, dependent on solar field buffer tank temperature exceeding chiller generator hot water requirement by at least 5 C 8

9 SAC Pilot: Schema4c SF P2 SCW HW CW CHW DHW HEDHW from zone fancoil TK zone1 zone0 CT P1 DB P3 ACH DB P4 SF:Solar Field P: Pump TK: Tank ACH: Absorption Chiller DB: Diesel Burner CT: Cooling Tower HEDHW: Heat Exchanger to zone fancoil zone1 zone0 9

10 SAC Pilot: P&ID of Actual Solar Field 5 independent strings of 10 panels v3.22 each (2 panels in series 52.5 m 2 aperture area 21 kw c Hot- Water/Direct Fired absorp6on chiller with integrated cooling tower and pumpset 25 kw th dry cooler 1m 3 Hot Water Tank Performance monitoring trough TVP sopware and several sensors, which measure: o Inlet/Outlet temperature of each string; Inlet/Outlet temperature of the solar field; Inlet/Outlet temperature of the hot water in the chiller loop; Inlet/Outlet temperature of the chilled water to/from the building HVAC system o Solar Field Flowrate; Chiller Hot Water Flowrate; Chilled Water Flowrate. 10

11 SAC Pilot: Objec4ves In- field proof of MT- Power energy produc4on & efficiency & SAC viability 1. Match solar field measured yearly average results to simula6ons (comparing solar field thermal power produc6on for different output temperatures): 2,23 kwh th /m 2 (10% to 30%) Simula6on considers Dammam sun irradiance at 1,958 kwh/m 2 /year Simula6on considers MT- Power v.3.22 always clean Opera6ng temperature considers 2E absorp6on chiller running between 150 C- 180 C (extended range) Measured value has 10% to 30% devia6on due to dust accumula6on effect (max value without cleaning) Solar radiation kwh/m 2 /year TVP panel Tout ( C) kwh/m2/anno Efficiency (%) kwh/m2/anno Efficiency (%) kwh/m2/anno Efficiency (%) kwh/m2/anno Efficiency (%) kwh/m2/anno Efficiency (%) Solar Air Cooling system to consistently operate in harsh KSA climate condi6ons: ambient temperature exceeding 50 C and high dust disadvantages 11

12 SAC Pilot Test: Up to 180 C in Dhahran, KSA 12

13 Solar Field: Daily Thermal Energy Produc4on per m 2 Six months of opera4ons up to 180 C Wet cleaning aper sandstorm dry cleaning test dry cleaning test ü Solar field produced an average 1.9 kwh th /day (within expected parameters) with 5.1 kwh th /day sun irradiance ü Maximum dust accumula6on effect during the period: 20% (measured aper dry cleaning on Feb 26 th ) ü 25 th Feb: 1,79kWh th with 6.03 kwh th (30% efficiency) vs 26 th 2,10kWh th with 5.66 kwh th (37% efficiency) ü Solar field cleaned three 6mes, Feb 26 th & May 13 th (dry cleaning), April 2 nd (water cleaning aper sandstorm) ü 155 days of sta6s6cs, 36 days of poor weather (<4 kwh/m 2 /day sun), 9 days of field down6me during opera6ons 13

14 Solar Field: Overall Thermal Energy Produc4on From 50 MT- Power panels v.3.22 opera4ng up to 180 C kwh/day ü Solar field produced an average of 103 kwh thermal /day over 155 days of recorded sta6s6cs ü Maximum dust accumula6on effect during the period: 24% (measured aper dry cleaning on Feb 27 th ) ü Solar field cleaned three 6mes, Feb 26 th & May 13 th (dry cleaning), April 3 rd (water cleaning aper sandstorm) ü May saw significant performance increases with the onset of excellent weather ü 36 days of poor weather (<4 kwh/m 2 /day sun), 9 days of field down6me during opera6ons ü Sta6s6cs normalized from January 1 st to April 22nd to consider 4/5 strings opera6onal

15 SAC System: Overall Cooling Energy Produc4on Using a hot water double- stage 23kW c absorp4on chiller kwh/day ü Daily solar contribu6on to absorp6on chiller output (solar frac6on): 58.2% period average, 88% average in May, 100% coverage by solar field on best day (May 14 th, 18 th, 19 th, 20 th ) ü Solar contributes only when irradiance power is >400W/m 2 (zero solar contribu6on with poor sun) ü Chiller runs in solar- only mode when solar field output exceeds 150 C When solar field output is <150 C the integrated diesel burner ac6vates; solar energy is not used Feb/March/April tes6ng period within worst local weather of the year (34 days of poor weather) ü Chiller was not opera6ng for five days due to electrical issues

16 Pilot Daily Results: Good Day (13/05/2015) Overall Thermal Energy Produc4on per m 2 Thermal Energy Produc4on per m 2 Solar Field Performance Observa4ons The avg. solar- to- thermal efficiency today was 48% The solar field peak power was around 25 kw The solar field peak efficiency was 55% The solar thermal output power was determined by the fluctua6on of the chiller thermal energy demand

17 Pilot Daily Results: Poor Day (13/04/2015) Overall Thermal Energy Produc4on per m 2 Thermal Energy Produc4on per m 2 Solar Field Performance Observa4ons The avg. solar- to- thermal efficiency today was 25% The solar field peak power was around 12 kw The solar field peak efficiency was 34% Due to the low irradia6on level the solar field was working few hours and was unable to raise the tank temperature. The chiller operated the whole day only with the back- up diesel burner

18 Pilot Monthly Sta4s4cs: May 2015 (I) Improved weather has increased performance of the solar field Energy (kwh/m2) 7,00 6,00 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 Overall irradiance during s.f.operating hours [kwh/m2] Maximum Ambient Temperature ( C) Solar Field Thermal Energy Production/m2 dry cleaning for test Solar field cumulated energy output [kwh/m2] Maximum Solar Field Temperature ( C) 175,00 150,00 125,00 100,00 75,00 50,00 0,00 25,00 4- mag 5- mag 6- mag 7- mag 8- mag 9- mag 10- mag 11- mag 12- mag 13- mag 14- mag 15- mag 16- mag 17- mag 18- mag 19- mag 20- mag 21- mag 22- mag 23- mag 24- mag 25- mag 26- mag 27- mag 28- mag 29- mag Temperature ( C) ü Solar field produced 2,28 kwh th /m 2 /d monthly average with average 5,18 kwh th /m 2 /d sun irradiance ü Monthly average ambient temperature at 46,4 C with 5 days exceeding 50 C ü Higher the ambient temperature higher the panel produc6on & efficiency ü Solar field dry cleaned for tes6ng on May 13 th : 14% dust accumula6on effect ü 12 th : 2,44kWh th with 5.95 kwh th (40% efficiency) vs 13 th : 2,73kWh th with 5.71 kwh th (47% efficiency) 18

19 Pilot Monthly Sta4s4cs: May 2015 (II) SAC system demonstrated to operate with extreme ambient temperatures SAC Cooling Energy Production 100% Solar Fraction [%] Maximum Ambient Temperature ( C) Maximum Solar Field Temperature ( C) 175,00 90% 80% 150,00 Solar Fraction (%) 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% dry cleaning for test 125,00 100,00 75,00 20% 10% 50,00 0% 25,00 4- mag 5- mag 6- mag 7- mag 8- mag 9- mag 10- mag 11- mag Temperature ( C) 12- mag 13- mag 14- mag 15- mag 16- mag 17- mag 18- mag 19- mag 20- mag 21- mag 22- mag 23- mag 24- mag 25- mag 26- mag 27- mag 28- mag 29- mag ü Solar contributed to 85% absorp6on chiller cooling energy output on a monthly median (9.30am- 3.30pm opera6ons) with 8 days running 100% solar- only ü Monthly average ambient temperature at 46,4 C with 5 days exceeding 50 C ü Higher the ambient temperature, higher the cooling demand, higher the panel and system produc6on ü Solar field dry cleaned for tes6ng on May 13 th : 14% dust accumula6on effect 19

95 kwh th /m 2 (40% efficiency) Peak panel opera6ng temperature 164 C Peak ambient temperature 43,6 C May 13 th aper dry cleaning

20 Pilot Test: Effect of Dry Cleaning Dry cleaning (with a cloth or a brush) is sufficient for TVP panels May 12 th before cleaning Produc6on = 2,44kWh th /m 2 Irradiance = 5.95 kwh th /m 2 (40% efficiency) Peak panel opera6ng temperature 164 C Peak ambient temperature 43,6 C May 13 th aper dry cleaning Produc6on = 2,73kWh th /m 2 Irradiance = 5.71 kwh th /m 2 (47% efficiency) Peak panel opera6ng temperature 176 C Peak ambient temperature 47,5 C TVP panels show unique diffuse light capturing Only 14% performance difference!!! 20

21 SAC System: Valida4ng TVP Simula4on Comparison between the simula4on model and the measured data In order to validate the simula6on model, a comparison between measured and simulated data was carried out. The inputs to the simula6on model were taken from measured data (temperatures, irradia6on and flowrate) and the model outputs were compared to those measured in- field. The results of this comparison is shown in the chart below: 21

22 SAC System: Simula4on vs. In- Field Data Comparison between measured and simulated data: <11% difference in yearly average performance Month Irradiance On The Collector Plane - Meteonorm Data - kwh/m 2 Irradiance On The Collector Plane - Measured - kwh/m 2 Simulated Data vs. Measured Data Difference (%) Thermal Energy Produced By Solar Field - Simulated - kwh th Thermal energy produced by the solar field - Measured - kwh th Difference (%) January % 2,660 3,865 45% February % 2,970 2,496-16% March % 3,260 2,748-16% April % 3,770 2,392-37% May % 3,990 3,537-11% June % 4,320 3,572-17% July % 4,070 2,987-27% August September October November December % 2,670 2,933 10% TOTAL 1,371 1,289-6% 27,710 24,530-11% A dynamic simula6on modeled on system characteris6cs was run to es6mate the overall system performance: The simulated energy produc6on by the solar field is 11% higher than the measured one, while the measured irradiance is 6% lower than the one obtained from the Metenorm Data used as input to the simula6on model. This is a good result considering that the simula6on does not take into account the dust accumula6on The biggest difference was in April when the actual produc6on was 37% lower than the simulated one, while the measured irradiance was 13% lower than the es6mated one. This big difference is probably due to the very poor measured irradia6on days in April 22

23 SAC System: End- Client Energy Savings Month Thermal Energy Produced by Solar Field - Measured - kwh th Customer electricity and diesel savings: 9 MWh el /yr! Cooling Energy Provided by Solar field - Measured - kwh cool Savings For The Customer Cooling Energy Provided by Diesel Burner - Measured - kwh cool Electricity Saved By SAC System (kwh el ) Diesel Saved By Solar Field (l) January 3,865 1, ,031 1,171 February 2, ,647 1, March 2, ,650 1, April 2, ,152 1, May 3,537 2, ,351 2,226 June 3,572 1, ,355 2,029 July 2,987 1,728 1,266 1,497 1,864 August September October November December 2, TOTAL 24,530 8,680 10,029 9,354 9,364 The actual configura6on (Hot Water and Burner alterna6vely feeding the thermal energy required by the chiller) does not allow to use the whole amount of thermal energy produced by the solar field. The thermal energy produced by the solar field, in fact, is much higher than the one converted into cooling energy, leading to a lower solar frac6on. Notes: The calcula6on are made considering the following values: Electric Chiller COP = 2; Absorp6on Chiller Average COP = 1.03; Burner Efficiency = 0.9; Diesel LHV = kwh/l 23

24 Observa4ons, Conclusions, Next Steps Observa4ons ü ü SAC system operates within expected parameters, independently and automa6cally Since installa6on on October 7 th 2014, solar field was cleaned three 6mes: Feb 26 th & May 13 th (dry cleaning), April 3 rd (water cleaning aper sandstorm) Sta8s8cs: SAC Pilot running from November 26 th 2014 to May 29 th 2015 Ø Ø Weather condi6ons: 5.5 kwh thermal /m 2 /day median (Nov- Apr show lowest sunshine levels of the year) Solar field median energy produc6on: 2.11 kwh thermal /m 2 /day and 111 kwh thermal /day Ø Solar field median efficiency: 46% Ø Absorp6on Chiller Average COP: 1.03 Ø Max solar field efficiency and energy produc6on reduc6on due to dust accumula6on: 20% Ø Goals Solar contribu6on to absorp6on chiller output (solar frac6on): 60.7% period average, 85% average in May Status 1. Verify TVP MT- Power panel efficiency up to 180 C Achieved 2. Verify double- stage absorp6on chiller opera6on in KSA climate Achieved 3. Verify solar- driven double- stage absorp6on chiller opera6on in KSA climate Achieved Next Steps: Tests & Adjustments Solar frac6on op6miza6on: Installa6on of a boiler in series with the chiller in order to use the whole thermal energy produc6on of the solar field (Dec) See the scheme in the next slide. Dust effect analysis via panel cleaning methods: Precise cleaning (Sept) Chiller COP analysis: charted vs ambient temperatures (Sept) 24

25 SAC Field: Upcoming Op4miza4ons & Upgrades MT- Power opera4ng in East Saudi Arabia for first ever SAC installa4on SAC Project possible op4miza4on: Op6miza6on of cooling energy produc6on from solar due to reduced COP of small capacity chosen chiller ü Solu6on: increase absorp6on chiller capacity to >200 kw cool, as the COP increases to 1.41, vs current 1. kw cool Op6miza6on of solar field thermal output use by the chiller rela6ve to current integrated diesel burner, which currently does not take advantage of lip heat from solar field when in use ü Solu6on: Using an external hot- water boiler, vs current integrated burner, opera6ng in complement to the solar field, con6nually fed by the thermal energy produced by the solar field at any temperature, providing any addi6onal lip required by the chiller. With this configura6on the solar energy is complemented by combus6bles to maximize solar frac6on and minimize combus6ble consump6on - > to be implemented in November (see the following scheme) Improvements to TVP SAC Fields from 2015 MT- Power version 4.30 with patented, innova6ve embedded return flow piping will minimize piping and related thermal losses, increasing system efficiency and thermal/cooling produc6on, extending hours of opera6on and reducing combus6ble use, as well as reducing balance of system and installa6on cost. 25

26 SAC Field Schema4c: Op4mized System Solar Air Cooling (SAC) + Combus4ble Hybrid 26

22 currently installed in Dammam ü Doubled the panel size: 2m 2 vs 1m 2 ü Reduced weight: 25kg/m

27 TVP Solar: Improved MT- Power New release 4.3 for volume produc4on Improvements of new MT- Power 4.3 vs 3.22 currently installed in Dammam ü Doubled the panel size: 2m 2 vs 1m 2 ü Reduced weight: 25kg/m 2 vs 42kg/m 2 (- 40%) ü New absorber design: 2 parallel flows (implemen6ng patented return flow under high- vacuum) vs meander pipe ü New manufacturing of parts: molded vs laser cut 27

TVP Solar: New Field Layout with Embedded Return

simplified solar field balance of system v.3.

3: ü No external piping on panel strings and lower

and cheaper installa6on ü Lower maintenance cost ü

28 TVP Solar: New Field Layout with Embedded Return Piping Next- genera4on solar field layout with simplified solar field balance of system v.3.22 New v. 4.3 Benefits of new MT- Power 4.3: ü No external piping on panel strings and lower solar field balance of system cost ü Easier, quicker and cheaper installa6on ü Lower maintenance cost ü Higher system performance due to befer insula6on of return pipe via high- vacuum 28

29 Thermal Vacuum Power from the Sun 2012 AWARD INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISE TVP Solar SA 36 Place du Bourg- de- Four 1204 Geneva Switzerland +41 (22)

Solar Thermal. Reducing Gas/Oil Separation Plant Running Costs & CO 2 Footprint with TVP High Efficiency Mirrorless Solar Thermal Panels.

Solar Thermal. Reducing Gas/Oil Separation Plant Running Costs & CO 2 Footprint with TVP High Efficiency Mirrorless Solar Thermal Panels. Thermal Vacuum Power Solar Thermal Reducing Gas/Oil Separation Plant Running Costs & CO 2 Footprint with TVP High Efficiency Mirrorless Solar Thermal Panels October 2017 TVP Solar SA: A Swiss Company Develops,