Odour Management on Composting Sites and Feedback on Biodec respirometric test application

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1 Odour Management on Composting Sites and Feedback on Biodec respirometric test application Jean-Luc MARTEL CIRSEE Suez Environnement

Feedback on Biodec test application to different stages of the composting

2 Content Introduction 1/ global approach of odour footprint : - the Suez Environnement Method - one application to a Sludge composting plant R 2/ Feedback on Biodec test application to different stages of the composting process : - initial mixture - Fermentation stage - Maturation stage Conclusion

3 SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT MISSION SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT, activity branch of SUEZ, supplies services and equipment essential to life and to the protection of the environment in the fields of : WATER WASTE 0,6 MTPA Sludge composted in 60 plants 1 MTPA GW+BW composted in 75 plants 0,6 MTPA MSW treated in 5 MBT plants By contributing to the sustainable development of its clients, municipalities and industries

4 1/ Odour footprint : a major issue for all Suez Environnement activities Odour Odour Odour Wastewater activity Wastewater pumping station Waste Water Treatment and sludge handling Composting Waste activity Odour Odour Waste collection Landfill

5 A global approach to obtain the odour footprint Technical approach Residents approach (H&S) «Calculated» olfactive footprint Comparison CAPEX / OPEX Risk analyses «Real» olfactive footprint Ex : 5 OU/m 3

6 The SUEZ ENVIRONMENT approach On site Off site Odours creation potential Measurement and analysis Regulation National, local or specific regulation Ventilation Regulation (H&S) Odour treatment Residents sensitivity zero point, residents jury context characterisation Dispersion modelling Calculated olfactive print Comparison CAPEX / OPEX Risk analyses Target olfactive print Ex : 5 OU/m 3

7 The SUEZ ENVIRONMENT approach Regulation National, local or specific regulation

8 NOSE : Odour Regulation New international tendency : to limit odours (OU/m 3 ) in the environment Source : For example, the New french regulation on composting and MBT plants ( published on the 17 may 2008!) askes for : Not more than 5 OU/m 3 during 98 % of time inside the circle of R=3000 m

9 The SUEZ ENVIRONMENT approach Regulation National, local or specific regulation Residents sensitivity zero point, residents jury context characterisation

10 Residents sensitivity - Where are the residents? - Which context? (industrial, residential..) - Are there any other odour sources?

NOSE : Resident jury «Real» odour olfactive print To implement odour nuisance survey To link nuisance data with operational and meteorological data To optimise site

11 NOSE : Resident jury «Real» odour olfactive print To implement odour nuisance survey To link nuisance data with operational and meteorological data To optimise site operation in order to reduce odour nuisance To communicate with neighbourhood, clients and administration. To integrate residents into a preventive, positive and pedagogic approach

12 The SUEZ ENVIRONMENT approach Regulation (National, local or specific regulation ) Residents sensitivity zero point, residents jury context characterisation Target olfactive print Ex : 5 OU/m 3

13 The SUEZ ENVIRONMENT approach Measurement and analysis

14 NOSE: Measurement and analysis Chemical analysis mg/m 3 of chemical compouds Olfactometric analysis OU/m 3 following the European Standard CEN Sensorial analysis Qualification and quantification following the odour wheel

15 Measurement and analysis Analytical analysis Olfactometric analysis Odour wheel

16 The SUEZ ENVIRONMENT approach Odours creation potential Measurement and analysis

17 Odour Creation Potential : General Approach Identical approach for all the SE activities Odours (mg/m 3, OU/m 3 ) Raw material Final product Process Qualification TS, TVS, N, S Qualification -Process itself Qualification -Equipment Dryness, TVS -Operation -Steps before the process (storage, conditioning) - Steps following the process (manipulation, storage)

18 Odour Creation Potential : Raw material Municipal WWTP sludge Green W aste MSW Industrial Sludge Green waste Biowaste

19 Odours Creation Potential : Process Open reactors windrows Ventilated boxes Ventilated Piles Corridors Containers Closed reactors Covered piles Tunnels (

20 The SUEZ ENVIRONMENT approach Odours creation potential Measurement and analysis Ventilation Regulation (H&S)

21 Ventilation Compound Eight hours mg/m 3 Short term mg/m 3 Occupational Exposure Limit Values European Directive 2000/39/CE Ammonia Butanone Propionic Acid Dimethylamine 3,8 9,4

22 The SUEZ ENVIRONMENT approach Odours creation potential Measurement and analysis Ventilation Regulation (H&S) Odour treatment

23 Odour treatment 04/10/2005 I Pôle Effluents Organiques - CIRSEE R&I Project Review 26 Biofilters Scrubbers

24 The SUEZ ENVIRONMENT approach Odours creation potential Measurement and analysis Ventilation Regulation (H&S) Odour treatment Dispersion modelling

NOSE: Dispersion modelling Calculated odour olfactive print Meteorological data Measurement and analysis Topography Odour sources (type, size, odour flow, chemical concentration

25 NOSE: Dispersion modelling Calculated odour olfactive print Meteorological data Measurement and analysis Topography Odour sources (type, size, odour flow, chemical concentration flow) Odour impact assessment Anticipate odour impact of a new site Define the acceptable level for each odour source Comply with odour limits in the environment (ex: 5 OU/m 3 )

26 The SUEZ ENVIRONMENT approach Odours Measurement creation potential and analysis Ventilation Odour treatment Dispersion modelling Regulation (H&S) Regulation (National, local or specific regulation ) Residents sensibility zero point, residents jury context characterisation Calculated olfactive print Comparison Risk analyses CAPEX / OPEX Decision Target olfactive print Ex : 5 OU/m 3

27 The SUEZ ENVIRONMENT approach Odours Measurement creation potential and analysis Ventilation Regulation (H&S) Regulation (National, local or specific regulation ) Odour treatment Dispersion modelling Calculated olfactive print Masking agents On-line monitoring Comparison Risk analyses CAPEX / OPEX Decision Residents sensibility Communicatio zero point, residents jury context characterisation Crisis management Target olfactive print Ex : 5 OU/m 3

28 NOSE Offer to evaluate the odour footprint BUs clients local authorities industries final consumers Service Method Product

29 Odours Creation Potential Application to a sludge composting plant Odour emissions? Sludge characteristics TS, TVS, N, S

30 Odours Creation Potential Application to a sludge composting plant Convective air T1 Processed air T2 Central Blower and Biofilter Odour emissions creation potential modelled from sludge NtK and SO3 content : Qualitative Modelling T3 Compounds responsible for fermentation odours 1% 4% 8% 9% 25% 12% 41% NH3 TMA H2S Me-SH Et-SH DMS DMDS A&C AGV

31 Odours Creation Potential Application to a sludge composting plant Convective air T1 Processed air T2 Central Blower and Biofilter T3 Quantitative Modelling : for 10,000 TPA of sludge Mass Flow (g/h) NH3 TMA Me-SH Et-SH DMS DMDS UO/h Process ,5 5,1 65*10 6 Convective , *10 6

32 Odours Creation Potential Application to a sludge composting plant Odour emissions 17% N NH 3 2% S Reduced sulphides Sludge characteristics TS, TVS, N, S

33 2/ Feedback on Biodec test application to different stages of the composting process : Stage ❷ Stage ❶ Stage ❸

respiration curve AT 4 =120 Ic = 28 % RO2 RCO2 T ( C) 50,0 45,0 40,0 35,0 30,0 25,0 20,0 15,0 10,0 5,0 Température ( C) Stage ❶ Initial

34 Stage 1 : Initial Mixture Optimisation Initial mixture reactivity prediction with Biodec Test Compostability Index Ic Ic mixture = ( MB0 + MH 0 ) mixture COD mixture mixture Réacteur 2 - Saint Jean de Luz mmol d'o 2 ou CO 2 /h/kg /kg MS satisfactory respiration curve AT 4 =120 Ic = 28 % RO2 RCO2 T ( C) 50,0 45,0 40,0 35,0 30,0 25,0 20,0 15,0 10,0 5,0 Température ( C) Stage ❶ Initial Mixture optimisation 0 0, Temps (h) For good sludge processing : Ic mixture > % and AT 4 mixture > mg O 2 /g DM

Stage 2 : Product Stabilisation 90 80 70 Mélange 2 BIODEC TEST applied to Initial Mixture Mélange 5 Retournement mmol O2/h/kgMS 60

weeks Composting Stage ❷ Product Stabilisation mmol O 2 /h/kgms 30 25 20 15 BIODEC TEST applied to Composted Mixture and to

35 Stage 2 : Product Stabilisation Mélange 2 BIODEC TEST applied to Initial Mixture Mélange 5 Retournement mmol O2/h/kgMS AT4 [IM] = 81,5 go2/kgdm Temps (heures) AT4 mixture is lowered by 60% during a 4 weeks Composting Stage ❷ Product Stabilisation mmol O 2 /h/kgms BIODEC TEST applied to Composted Mixture and to Screened Compost C CM AT4 [C] = 61,4 go2/kgdm AT4 [CM] = 31,1 go2/kgdm Temps (heures)

36 Stage 3 : Compost maturation improvement Biodec Application to ½ Matured and Matured compost Residual O2 consumption ( AT4) 1/2 Maturation 50 ro 2 (mmol O 2 /h/kg MS) ❸ AT4 = 44,6 mgo2/gdm Surprising ❷ AT4 = 77 mgo2/gdm ❶ Stage ❸ Passant 1 Passant 2 Passant 3 AT4 = 23,2 mgo2/gdm Compost maturation improvement results: Compost ❶ is more «stabilised» than composts ❷ and ❸ Comparizon of 3 maturation processes : ❶ direct screening followed by natural ( poor) ventilation ❷ direct screening Temps (heures) followed by forced (intense) ventilation ❸ delayed screening with natural ventilation

37 Stage 3 : Compost Maturation Improvement Biodec Application to ½ Matured and Matured compost Residual O2 consumption ( AT4) End Maturation 50 ro 2 (mmol O 2 /h /kg MS) ❸ AT4 = 29,7 mgo2/gdm Compost ❷ AT4 = 42,6 mgo2/gdm ❶ Stage ❸ AT4 = 19,8 mgo2/gdm Passant 1 Passant 2 Passant 3 COMPOST MATURATION IMPROVEMENT ❶ is still more «stabilised» than composts ❷ and ❸ Comparizon of 3 maturation processes : ❶ direct screening followed by natural ( poor) ventilation Temps (heures) ❷ direct screening followed by forced (intense) ventilation ❸ delayed screening with natural ventilation

Stage 3 : Compost Odour Characterization Matured compost odours emission characterization (quantity and quality) : 1.670 to 4.

Ammonia 5 Ammonia 4 Earthy/musty Stage ❸ 4 Earthy/musty 4 Earthy/musty Compost maturation 4improvement Ammonia 3 Earthy/musty Comparizon of 3 maturation processes : Current conclusion ❶ direct (to be

38 Stage 3 : Compost Odour Characterization Matured compost odours emission characterization (quantity and quality) : to OU/M 3 little differences between composts ❶, ❷ and ❸ But : Sniffing 1/2 Maturation Sniffing Full Maturation Compost Sample Compost Sample Intensity Quality Intensity Quality 6 cabbage 6 Ammonia 5 Ammonia 4 Earthy/musty Stage ❸ 4 Earthy/musty 4 Earthy/musty Compost maturation 4improvement Ammonia 3 Earthy/musty Comparizon of 3 maturation processes : Current conclusion ❶ direct (to be screening confirmed) followed : compost by natural «Stabilisation ( poor) ventilation» and compost «Maturation ❷ direct screening» are different followed composts by forced (intense) ❷ and ❸ ventilation are better ISWA «matured Beacon ❸ delayed Conference» but screening less PERUGIA «stabilized with natural 22 nd» May than ventilation 2008 compost ❶

39 Current Conclusion 1/ Odour management history for SE : Critical situation faced in 2004 on some composting plants Important R&D effort done through NOSE horizontal program Positive situation in 2008 due to NOSE deliverables use 2/ Odour measurement + Biodec Test : Help both to process and compost quality optimisation 3/ New technical/social issues to be treated : GHG emissions ( CH4, N2O) Potential sanitary impacts of composting

ODOUR & GASEOUS EMISSIONS ISSUES ON COMPOSTING AND MBT PLANTS. Jean-Luc MARTEL

ODOUR & GASEOUS EMISSIONS ISSUES ON COMPOSTING AND MBT PLANTS Jean-Luc MARTEL Content Introduction : A great variety of waste/processes 1/ a first case study : audit of a sludge composting plant 2/ a short