OECD work on Green ICTs for Green Growth

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Imogen Barber
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1 Internationale Tagung Energie Neu Denken 04 October 2010 OECD work on Green ICTs for Green Growth Christian Reimsbach-Kounatze Committee for Information, Computer and Communications Policy

2 Context OECD Ministerial on the Future of the Internet in Seoul, Korea, in 2008 OECD Ministerial Declaration on Green Growth in 2009 OECD Green Growth Strategy Start 2009, half-time 2010, final report 2011

3 Enabling effects: Why green ICT? ICT enabled smart solution can save 15% of emissions in 2020 [GeSI,2008] Smart solution can cut global electricity consumption by 30% in 2030 [IEA, 2009] Direct effects: ICTs are responsible for around 2-3% of global carbon footprint [Gartner, 2008] ICTs and CEs account for 15% of global residential electricity consumption [IEA, 2009]

Rebound effects Optimisation Dematerialisation

4 Analytical framework Information provision Dynamic pricing and price sensitivity Technology adoption Rebound effects Optimisation Dematerialisation Induction Degradation Production Consumption Operation Disposal

5 Analytical framework - 2 Environmental impact categories Global warming, primary energy use, toxicity, non-energy resource depletion, land use, water use, ozone layer depletion, Impacts on biodiversity recycling re-use Production Use End of life Life-cycle assessment

6 Some take-aways

7 PC life-cycle All impacts: Use = Manufacturing Manufacturing Distribution Use End of Life Source: Eugster, Hischier & Duan, 2007

8 Electricity losses Share of domestically generated electricity lost during T&D, % 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Smart grids: sensor-based networks to identify and locate leaks. Source: OECD, based on IEA data.

9 Government policies and programmes Organised by broad policy areas R&D and Innovation R&D programmes Green ICT procurement Innovation support Internalisation of R&D and innovation Green ICT diffusion and ICT application Green ICT to businesses Standards & labels Governments as lead users ICT applications to individuals and households Organizational change Environmental related ICT skills and education Consumer and user education Energy management skills and expertise Direct effects Enabling effects Both

Focus areas of green ICT initiatives targeting direct effects 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Biodiversity Ozone Layer Depletion Water Use Land Use Non-Energy Resource

10 Focus areas of green ICT initiatives targeting direct effects Biodiversity Ozone Layer Depletion Water Use Land Use Non-Energy Resource Depletion Toxicity Energy Use Global Warming Global Warming Energy Use Toxicity Non-Energy Resource Depletion Land Use Water Use Ozone Layer Depletion Biodiversity

Focus areas of green ICT initiatives targeting enabling effects 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Biodiversity Ozone Layer Depletion Water Use Land Use Non-Energy Resource

11 Focus areas of green ICT initiatives targeting enabling effects Biodiversity Ozone Layer Depletion Water Use Land Use Non-Energy Resource Depletion Toxicity Energy Use Global Warming Global Warming Energy Use Toxicity Non-Energy Resource Depletion Land Use Water Use Ozone Layer Depletion Biodiversity

12 Green technologies in response to the economic crisis Australia Canada Finland France Germany Norway US Infrastructure AUD 11.5 billion CAD 20 billion EUR 910 million EUR 4.7 billion EUR 20 billion NOK 3.8 billion USD 100 billion R&D Education Green Technology AUD 0.58 AUD 17 AUD 5.2 billion billion billion CAD 0.8 n.a. CAD 4.6 billion billion EUR 25 EUR 30 EUR 38 million million million EUR 0.05 EUR 0.73 EUR 0.03 billion billion billion EUR 1.4 EUR 19 EUR 5 billion billion billion NOK 0.17 NOK 0.27 NOK 1.6 billion billion billion USD 16 USD 157 USD 54 billion billion billion Blue: Green technology is second most important.

13 Measurement and evaluation Very few initiatives have implemented measurable targets for the evaluation of their policies or programmes. Governments provide measurable indicators more frequently than industry associations. Efforts are being made in developing and promoting instruments for measuring the quality and impacts of policies and programmes.

14 The potential for green ICT-related jobs Vacancies for smart jobs in the U.S. % "Smart" Grid "Smart" Buildings Source: OECD based on SimplyHired.com. 18

15 Government initiatives on Green ICT-related jobs and skills Korea s IT Research Center Fostering and Supporting program involves master and PhD students in R&D activities together with the ICT sector and the green technology sector. The Save Energy Now initiatives of the U.S. Department of Energy provides training to enhance energy management skills in companies across the economy, including Data Centers providers. The European Commission provides EUR 5 billion to the automotive industry to promote green cars. This is expected to created jobs, for example, in the automotive semiconductor industry. 19

16 Thanks

1. Why does innovation matter today? 2. How has innovation changed? 3. Innovation in the crisis 4. Looking ahead

1. Why does innovation matter today? 2. How has innovation changed? 3. Innovation in the crisis 4. Looking ahead Connect Research 2009 New Models of Innovation for Economic Growth and Sustainability Paris, 12-13 November 2009 Innovation Today Why it Matters for Growth and Sustainability Dirk Pilat Directorate for