ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT 1974 (ACT 127): ENFORCEMENT AND WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION IN MALAYSIA

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1 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT 1974 (ACT 127): ENFORCEMENT AND WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION IN MALAYSIA SITI ZALEHA BT IBRAHIM DIRECTOR DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, SELANGOR

2 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, MALAYSIA VISION Environmental conservation for the well-being of the people MISSION To ensure sustainable development in the process of nation building

3 ESTABLISHMENT OF DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, MALAYSIA Department of Environment placed under the newly formed Ministry of Natural Resources & the Environment

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6 INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT DISCHARGES WITHOUT TREATMENT

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8 SEDIMENT PONDS NOT MAINTAINED

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10 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT subsidiary Environmental Regulations introduced to deal with specific issues ranging from: industrial effluents sewage discharges air emissions from industries motor vehicles emissions prohibition on open burning scheduled wastes management Environmental Impact Assessment for prescribed activities

11 CHALLENGES Limited resources Logistic (timeconsuming,travel distance) Snap shot information on industry s compliance status Increasing number of pollution sources. Technology and site suitability High public expectation and complaints

12 Number of points sources NUMBER OF POINTS SOURCES SUBJECTED TO EQA 1974 VS DOE ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS Year DOE : No. Of Pollution Sources Under EQA ( Ogos 2015) 807 (2000) ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS 1166 (2014)

13 SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION SOURCES BY SECTOR, 2015 No Source of water pollution No. of sources 1 Manufacturing industries Agro-based industries i. Rubber mills 64 ii. Palm oil mills Piggery Sewage treatment plants i. Public 6397 ii. Private 11,318 iii. Individual septic tanks (IST) 1,273,978 iv. Communal septic tanks (CST) Wet markets 888 Total 1,300,739

14 SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION Point Sources - Manufacturing industries - Sewage plants - Landfill treatment plants 11

15 Non-Point Sources The major polluters are from the nonpoint sources which are not under EQA DOE Pollution Prevention and Water Quality Improvement Study-only 20 % of the pollution sources (point sources) are under DOE s jurisdiction. The rest are not. Commercial, institutional, hawkers, sullage, earthworks, agriculture, aquaculture, restaurants, laundry, car wash, animal farm, mining, surface runoffs

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17 WATER POLLUTION CONTROL APPROACH

18 OVERVIEW ON WATER POLLUTION CONTROL UNDER EQA 1974 Industrial Effluent Regulations 2009 Sewage Regulations 2009 Leachate Regulations 2009 Prescribed Premises (Crude Palm Oil ) 1977 Prescribed Premises (Raw Natural Rubber) 1978

19 Training Effluent Discharge Monitoring Compliance TOOLS Competent person Record keeping Performance Monitoring

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21 PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL TREATMENT Filter press

22 SCREENING To remove big particle/coarse

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24 OIL AND GREASE TRAP To remove fat

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27 SEQUENTIAL BATCH RECTOR (SBR)

28 Floating scum due to poor sedimentation Color of aeration change

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30 IN-SITU MEASUREMENT

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32 In Situ Analysis Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Three reading at three points Temperature ( C) ph DO (mg/l) 1 st nd rd Average Standard B Ok

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34 Section 25, Environment Quality Act 1974 Restriction on pollution of inland waters. No person shall, unless licensed, discharge or deposit any pollutants or wastes into any inland water in contravention of the acceptable conditions. Penalty: RM 100,000 or 5 years imprisonment or both and fined RM /day 20

35 Regulation 18. Prohibition against industrial effluent or mixed effluent discharge through by-pass By-pass" means any diversion of industrial effluent or mixed effluent from any portion of an industrial effluent treatment system.

36 POLLUTION CONTROL APPROACHES GUIDED SELF- REGULATION (GSR) APPROACH Environmental Mainstreaming Tools apply emphasis of enforcement is on Performance Monitoring (PM) = Upstream of Final Discharge or Each Unit Operation/Unit Process COMMAND AND CONTROL Enforcement emphasis of enforcement is on Compliance Monitoring (CM)= Final Discharge ENHANCEMENT ICT Online reporting Online Monitoring (in development progress) Online database Mobile apps

37 GUIDED SELF-REGULATION (GSR) APPROACH Environmental Mainstreaming Tools 1. Environmental policy 2. Competent person GUIDED SELF-REGULATION (GSR) Guided Self Regulation is whereby the regulated sectors (primarily, the industries and project proponents)are taken by the hand so to speak, towards achieving the goal of selfregulation through environmental mainstreaming tools 3. Performance monitoring facilities & Instrument 5. Record keeping 7. Reporting and communication 4. Environmental Management &Decision making Process Committee 6. Data analysis and interpretation 8. Future improvement

38 COMPETENT PERSON The operation of IETS should be supervised by competent person Certified by Director General of DOE Ensure the competent person on duty at anytime during IETS operation Regulation 10, Industrial Effluent Regulations, 2009 Training by Environmental Institute of Malaysia (EiMAS), DOE

39 COMPETENT PERSON PROCESS Register with Environment Institute Of Malaysian Training Course (Class & Laboratory Comprehensive exams Professional Interview Field training Report Engagement with CEO Certified Update CPD (50 hr/year)

40 GUIDANCE DOCUMENT

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42 ON-LINE DO METER

43 INDUSTRIAL LAB

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45 Floating scum due to poor sedimentation Color of aeration change

46 Frequency Process/ treatment Control limit SV 30 Dissolve oxygen Verification ph Performance monitoring records keeping for IETS

47 ENFORCEMENT ACTION Written Notice Compound Seize equipment Prosecution Revocation of license Prohibition order Arrest without warrant

48 ENFORCEMENT ACTION IMPACT TO RIVER PRODUCTION AREA PROHOBTION ORDER DONE INSPECTION DONE

49 COMMAND AND CONTROL End of Pipe PREVIOUS PRACTISE End of Pipe + Process control CURRENT PRACTISE ENHANCEMENT OF ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES Upload accredited analysis report Downstream activity Product focused Result focused Upstream activity Ingredient focused Process focused On site & Sampling by DOE Crosscheck with water quality trend Too late information Process control Early warning information In control of process Third party audit

50 ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING SYSTEM ENHANCEMENT OF ICT E-KAS OER Electronic Environmental Pollution Control- Integrated information management system of environmental pollution sources and enforcement action Online Environmental Reporting- for Industries including Palm Oil mill and rubber mill, Sewage & Landfill Leachate. Frequency, Parameter to be monitored are specified. GIS Geographical information system-for mapping and overlay with important data PROPOSED CEDMS Continuous Effluent Discharge Monitoring System- Real time for effluent quality discharge monitoring

51 ONLINE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTING

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53 Indeks Kualiti Air (IKA) Status Kualiti Air Sungai KATEGORI Sg. Langat Sg. Selangor Sg. Klang Sg. Tengi Sg. Buloh Sg. Sepang

54 CONCLUSION Shifting the responsibility for pollution control to the industries is the new approach taken by the Department in the formulation of the new regulation for pollution control Re strategize the enforcement programs and continuously improve the compliance monitoring as to find better solution for pollution prevention and control. Enhancement in ICT has shown a promising trend towards reducing the cost of the enforcement implementation which could cover a larger number of pollution sources.

55 NEGARAKU, ALAM SEKITARKU TERIMA KASIH