Buildings as power plants of the future strategies and model projects in Germany

Transcription

1 Buildings as power plants of the future strategies and model projects in Germany Dr. Rüdiger Kratzenberg Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Deelopment

2 Sustainable building in Germany: the initial situation Energy-saing construction: guidelines Plus Energy Houses Comprehensie sustainability ealuations

3 The major CO 2 emitters: - National ranking (millions of t CO 2 ) - Per capita emissions (t CO 2 )

4 Setting for sustainable construction in Germany Trends in rents and running costs 170,0 160,0 150,0 140,0 130,0 120,0 110,0 100,0 90,0 80,0 Year Net rent Serice charges Heating costs

5 Federal Goernment s Energy Strategy Reduce primary energy demand by around 80 % by 2050 Reduce heating demand by 20 % by 2020 Introduce climate neutral buildings as of 2020 Refurbishment roadmap for building stock

6 Directie 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings Introduction of this nearly zero-energy building standard ( climate neutral building ) Article 9 of the Directie states: Member States shall ensure that a) by 31 December 2020, all new buildings are nearly zero-energy buildings; and b) after 31 December 2018, new buildings occupied and owned by public authorities are nearly zero-energy buildings. Member States shall draw up national plans for increasing the number of nearly zero-energy buildings. These national plans may include targets differentiated according to the category of building.

7 Directie 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings Definition of a nearly zero-energy building: Article 2 of the Directie defines a nearly zero-energy building as a building that has a ery high energy performance. The nearly zero or ery low amount of energy required should be coered to a ery significant extent by energy from renewable sources, including energy from renewable sources produced on-site or nearby.

8 Sustainable building in Germany: the initial situation Energy-saing construction: guidelines Plus Energy Houses Comprehensie sustainability ealuations

9 History of energy-efficient construction WSVO 1977 WSVO 1984 WSVO 1995 EnEV 2002/2007 EnEV 2009 EnEV 2012 Source: IBP, Erhorn

10 EnEV 2009: complex energy efficiency ealuation Building enelope AND building serices AND lighting 2. Building serices Heating & warm water condensing boiler technology Solar collector for hot water generation Ventilation, cooling, etc. 1. Building enelope Roof U-ref = 0.20 W/m²K Windows U-ref = 1.3 W/m²K Curtain wall U-ref = 1.4 W/m²K Sun protection 3. Lighting Thermal bridges U WB = 0.05W/m²K Base plate Uref = 0.35 W/m²K

11 Requirements for existing buildings EnEV 2009 (excerpt) Component Residential buildings and areas of non-residential buildings with an internal temperature of > 19 C Areas of non-residential buildings with an internal temperature of 12 to < 19 C Maximum alues of heat transmission coefficient U max W/(m² K) Exterior walls 0.24 (0.35) 0.35 (0.75) Exterior windows, casement doors 1.3 (1.7) 1.9 (2.8) Skylights Glazing Curtain wall (complete replacement) Curtain wall (partial replacement) 1.4 (1.7) 1.1 (1.5) 1.4 (1.9) 1.9 (EnEV 2007 alues in brackets) 1.9 (2.8) No requirement 1.9 (3.0) No requirement (EnEV 2007 alues in brackets)

12 Budgets and results of the programme to reduce CO2 emissions from buildings Total olume of loans and grants in million euros ,500 1, energy-efficient refurbishment (EER) indiidual EER measures municipal loans 2,020 1, ,500 1,500 1, grants (aided inestment) energy-efficient construction budget funds Funding in million euros

13 total funding : around 7.1 billion Programme to reduce CO2 emissions from buildings taking stock total funding 2011: 936 million, incl. 500 million from the energy and climate fund 2.5 million dwellings and around 1000 buildings of the municipal and social infrastructure total inestment of 85 billion funding leer public funding / priate inestment 1:12 saings on heating costs for all occupants as well as improed housing quality (measures : 1.5 billion) energy saings = output of 2 nuclear power plants

14 Before Refurbishment High-rise residential building Buggingerstrasse 50 Year of construction: dwellings on 16 floors Net heated floor area: ~ 7200m² Ratio of thermal enelope area to heated olume A/V= 0,26m -1 Heat energy consumption: ~70 kwh/m²a Energy supply: district heating system based on CHP unit High necessity for refurbishment measures Time schedule refurbishment: autumn autumn 2010

15 Building measures Window areas: balcony: 80%, no additional shading no balcony: 50%, external sunblinds 50% 80% Triple glazing (U-alue 0,6, g-alue 0,5) Window frames (U-alue W/m²K) Insulation of the facade (200mm), roof (170mm), basement ceiling ( mm) with U-alues between W/m²K) Thermal seperated balconies Detailed analysis of thermal bridges

16 Design results Smaller liing areas More dwellings: 9 each floor (before 6) Totally 144 Partly handicapped accessable Balconies for all dwellings Thermal seperated balconies Similar monthly rent as before

17 Aerogel-insulation Thermal bridges new material for insulation Aerogel insulation for space between roller shutter box and wall (50mm) and for space between balcony and window frame (60mm) Heat conductiity of W/(mK) Handling like normal mineral wool insulation

18 Air tightness and thermal imaging Due to compact building geometry and extensie measures for air tightness the final blower door test showed a result or by 50 Pa. (The design limit for Passihouses is 0.60 h -1 ) First thermal images confirm expectations and calculation results for thermal bridges.

19 Energy Demand 80% Reduction of heat energy demand 38% Reduction of PE-demand (42% with PV) Long term objectie: 50% Reduction of PE-demand due to improments on the district heating system and use of more efficient electricity appliances in households End & Primary Energy Demand [kwh/m²a] years monitoring EE PE EE PE EE PE EE PE Status Quo Objecties 2020 Design 2010 Operation Heating DHW Losses Auxiliary energy Household Heat Electricity PV

20 Energy performance certificates are mandatory for all new builds when selling or re-leasing for public buildings

21 The goernment leads the way: energy demand of federal buildings

22 Sustainable building in Germany: the initial situation Energy-saing construction: guidelines Plus Energy Houses Comprehensie sustainability ealuations

23 Darmstadt Uniersity of Technology s 2007 design Passie systems. Compact structure. Highly insulated enelope. Passie solar gain in the south. Phase changing material. Cross entilation at night. Aoid oerheating. Use daylight Actie Systems. Photooltaic cells. Solar panels. Heat pump Source: TU Darmstadt, Team SB07

24 The model house funded in the Future of Building research initiatie wins the 2007 SD competition Photo: TU Darmstadt

25 But the German house braes the elements

26 A isit by the Chancellor on her energy tour Photo: TU Darmstadt

27 Next stage: coupling the house with electric mobility Photos: EVV Essen

28 The Ministry s plus energy house competition Competition documents can be downloaded from: ArchitekturWettbewerbe/Ablage Bekanntmachung/Inland/Berlin/Ablage 2010 /Plusenergiehaus.html

29 Competition results 3rd place: Berlin Uniersity of Arts

30 Competition results 2nd place: Dresden Uniersity of Technology

31 Competition results 1st place: Stuttgart Uniersity

32 Erdgeschoss Showcase / emobility Core Liing quarters Öffentlich Priate

33 project data 18,0 16,0 14,0 12,0 6,0 MWh/a 10,0 8,0 6,0 10,3 16,6 EMOB consumption solar panels 4,0 2,0 0,0 consumption production

34 project data 120,00 100,00 80,00 37,50 MOB auxiliary energy equipment KWh/m²a 60,00 19,38 5,00 101,88 lighting TWW heating solar panels 40,00 6,88 20,00 11,88 21,25 0,00 consumption production

35 New programme: demo projects What is funded? Supporting research and ealuation Metrology, sensors (basic components of the metering and supporting programme are specified guide for monitoring) Pro rata funding of innoatie components that are still uneconomical (e.g. thin-film cells for facades, batteries, hardware and software for energy management systems, charging stations for electric mobility)

36 A network is emerging Berlin Dortmund Köln Frankfurt/Main Darmstadt Stuttgart

37 Sustainable building in Germany: the initial situation Energy-saing construction: guidelines Plus Energy Houses Comprehensie sustainability ealuations

38 State Secretaries Committee s decision on sustainable procurement Decision of 6 December 2010: 1. Design federal buildings to meet the requirements of the Sustainable Construction Assessment System 2. Hale the Federal Goernment s CO 2 emissions, including executie agencies, against 1990 leels by Make more use of renewable energy (heat supply) in federal buildings 4. Deelop an energy efficiency improement roadmap for all existing federal buildings 5. Introduce energy/enironmental management systems on a oluntary basis to reduce the amount of energy and resources consumed by federal goernment property 6. Strengthen sustainable public procurement, inter alia by setting challenging targets for indiidual product fields and supplementary measures

39 Sustainable Construction Assessment System Assessment Scheme (comparable German system for nonpublic sector by DGNB=Deutsche Gesellschaft für nachhaltiges Bauen) Ecological quality Economic quality Socio-cultural and functional quality Technical quality Process quality Site quality

40 Weighting of the sustainability aspects Ecological quality % Economic quality % Social & functional quality % Technical quality % Process quality % Oerall assessment (property) %

41 Sustainable Construction Assessment Scheme (SCAS) Impacts on the global and local enironment Ecological quality 1 Global warming potential 2 Ozone depletion potential 3 Photochemical ozone creation potential 4 Acidification potential 5 Eutrophication potential 6 Risks to the local enironment (groundwater, surface water, soil, air) 7 Other impacts on the local enironment 8 Sustainable sourcing of materials/timber 9 Microclimate Impacts on the local enironment 10 Primary energy demand (non-renewable) 11 Primary energy demand (renewable) 12 Consumption of other non-renewable resources 13 Waste by waste category 14 Fresh water consumption (operation phase) 15 Land take

42 Sustainable Construction Assessment Scheme (SCAS) Economic quality Life cycle costs Adaptability for use by third parties 16 Building-related costs in the life cycle 17 Adaptability for use by third parties

43 Sustainable Construction Assessment Scheme (SCAS) Health, comfort and user satisfaction Socio-cultural and functional quality Functionality Design quality 18 Thermal comfort in winter 19 Thermal comfort in summer 20 Indoor air quality 21 Acoustic comfort 22 Visual comfort 23 Influence of the user 24 Outdoor amenities 25 Safety and security 26 Disabled accessibility 27 Space efficiency 28 Conertibility 29 Public accessibility 30 Proision for cyclists 31 Design competition 32 Art in architecture

44 Oerall presentation of the assessment Compliance Mark Certificate 100 % 95 % 90 % 1.0 Gold 80 % % 70 % Silber 65 % % 55 % Bronze 50 % 3.0 Quelle: BMVBS; Ref. B13

45 Decree of on the introduction of sustainable construction for federal buildings Application to federal buildings (office and administratie buildings) > 10 m and buildings of outstanding importance as of 2011 when preparing new preliminary design documents, application to all federal buildings as of 2012 All buildings are to be constructed to at least siler standard and 30% below the limits of the Energy Conseration Regulations Progressie introduction for modernization work and further building categories as of Q3/2011 Training of auditors/ sustainability coordinators started in January 2011 Creation of conformity tests at federal state building authorities by January 2012; until then, the BBSR will perform this function

46 Thank you for listening to me