LEED AP EXAM STUDY GUIDE

Transcription

1 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS LEEDAP EXAM STUDY GUIDE Study Guide Materials to Supplement the LEEDAP Course

2 LEED-Accreditation Study Guide The information contained within this document is designed to serve as a study guide to all participants in e2 LEED-AP training courses. The following material will help course attendees continue to study materials that were presented during the course. We recommend that prospective LEED-AP s utilize the slideshow presentation handed out during the class, along with this booklet, to prepare for the exam. Additionally, we recommend that candidates complete the LEED Credit Information Spreadsheet, which can be located on the e2 website, to help familiarize themselves with each credit. Links to the USGBC s online Rating System, Scorecard, and Minimum Program Requirements can also be found on the e2 website. Purpose of the LEED AP Exam To ensure that a successful candidate has knowledge and skills necessary to participate in the design process, to support and encourage integrated design, and to streamline the application and certification process. To test the understanding of green building practices and principles, and familiarity with LEED requirements, resources, and processes. Exam Content Knowledge of LEED credit intents and requirements o Apply LEED for BD&C definitions consistently across all credits o Establish level of knowledge of LEED credit intents, requirements, submittals, technologies, and strategies for site, water, energy, materials, and IEQ credit categories o Describe format and process for achieving ID and RP Credits Coordination of Project and Team o Gather all project information and requirements to support the LEED process o Mange coordination of multiple disciplines to achieve LEED certification o Identify standards that support LEED credits o Identify opportunities for integrated design and credit synergies to support LEED certification o Identify critical path elements and schedule to implement LEED process Implement LEED process o Select appropriate LEED product for project scope o Register project for LEED certification on-line o Demonstrate knowledge of CIR process and resources o Manage documentation/certification process and complete letter templates o Draft and review innovation credits Verify, participate in and perform technical analyses required for LEED credits o Verify compliance of technical work products created by other team members o Participate and guide the development of technical analyses with design professionals o Perform technical analyses to verify compliance with LEED requirements USGBC 7 Guiding Principles Promote the Triple Bottom Line o USGBC will pursue robust triple bottom line solutions that clarify and strengthen a healthy and dynamic balance between environmental, social and economic prosperity Establish Leadership o USGBC will take responsibility for both revolutionary and evolutionary leadership by championing societal models that achieve a more robust triple bottom line Reconcile Humanity with Nature o USGBS will endeavor to create and restore harmony between human activities and natural systems 2

3 Foster Social Equity o USGBC will respect all communities and cultures and aspire to an equal opportunity for all Maintain Integrity o USGBC will be guided by the precautionary principle in utilizing technical and scientific data to protect, preserve and restore the health of the global environment, ecosystems and species Ensure Inclusiveness o USGBC will insure inclusive, interdisciplinary, democratic decision-making with the objective of building understanding and shared commitments toward a greater common good. Exhibit Transparency o USGBC will strive for honesty, openness LEED Certification Overview o Registration Projects are encouraged to register their intent to seek LEED certification as early as possible in the project timeline, preferably by schematic design. Upon completing the online registration form, the project team will receive access to instructions and tools, including the Letter Templates, to aid in certification. Projects are also in the online Registered Projects directory. Information provided in the project registration form will be used throughout the certification process to aid in technical support and project tracking. This information will also appear in the online registered project profile. Following certification, it will be used to create a detailed project case study. The key objective at the onset of project development is to ensure that the project team and Owner are aware of and prepared for pursuing a LEED rating AND to establish stakeholder motivations for pursuing a green design. Identifying the key motivations will focus the team and can be reviewed throughout the design process to stay on course. The LEED AP s responsibility is to take a conscious assessment of where the project is and what can be done. Be realistic about what the client wants to accomplish and what they are willing to support Use the LEED Reference Guide, Case Studies, Intro PowerPoint presentation and other resources available on the USGBC website to guide the process. o Certification Fees Based on the square footage of the project Certified: Points Silver: Points Gold: Points Platinum: 80 Points and above o LEED-Online In order to meet the targeted application review time frame, documentation must be organized using the LEED Credit Templates and must be completed upon submission. Bulk project documentation cannot be accepted as an application Review will commence when application and documentation are complete o Portfolio Program o Credit Interpretation Rulings Credits registered after November 15, 2005 no longer receive free CIR s CIR s fees are updated on the GBCI website Managing the LEED Process Hold a LEED Charette o Recommend a facilitated charrette that includes all members of the Team: Owner, architects, engineers, consultants, building officials, facilities manager, operators, tenants, etc. The main objectives of this charrette, in relation to LEED, are: To gain buy-in and consensus on environmental issues Explore concerns and possible solutions 3

4 Propose alternatives Identify the type and scope of modeling necessary to make informed decisions o It is important to discuss the resource allocation of the modeling analysis (energy, water, daylight, cost, etc.) By establishing necessary modeling efforts early in the project resource allocation process, LEED certification documentation will be more easily achieved at the end of the project Schematic Design o During the schematic design the team can further explore alternatives that integrate design features and solve problems from a systems perspective. The energy analyst, or engineer, performs first cost analysis and gains resolution regarding the first choice for approaches. o An important step is to determine the evaluation criteria and gain a good understanding of the trade-offs between credits. Select which credits may be pending and why. Identify potential credits in three groups or categories: Easy to achieve (low hanging fruit) Achievable through easy or moderate effort design changes More difficult - involving greater design integration, trade-offs, or first cost impacts o At this point, projects should be registered with the USGBC so that design teams can use the multiple resources available to registered projects during the next phase of project development Design Development o During design development, the modeling and analysis are typically completed o Review importance of credit requirements. Understand their principle elements and their effects on the project. o Capture the design criteria and targets. This will form the basis of project commissioning documents and will be referred to throughout the subsequent phases o Review Credit Interpretations on the LEED Web Page for credits that are candidates for your project. Knowledge of past rulings will save time and guide the design process. If questions arise that have not been addressed by a previous CIR, submit them a s Credit Interpretation Request early in the process so that the design team will have a clear and accurate estimate of the project LEED score o At this stage of the project development, the LEED coordinator should be Updating the LEED Letter Template with documentation requirements for each candidate credit Identifying the team members responsible for providing the documentation required Ensuring the documentation is a deliverable by a contractor or subcontracted design team supporter Construction Documents o Indicate critical LEED design elements on drawings and in specifications o Include specification language for construction waste reduction, materials reuse and recycling and reduced site disturbance o Include LEED documentation requirements in the contractor and subcontractor scopes of work o Review LEED documentation checklist and available resources Construction Administration o Monitor and photograph progress o Assign general contractor with responsibility for LEED elements o Begin collecting and compiling documentation as early as possible during all design phases 4

5 LEED Accreditation Study Guide Table of Contents Section Pages LEED Accreditation and Study Guide Introduction: 2 Exam Content: 2 USGBC Guiding Principles: 2 LEED Certification Overview: 3 Managing the LEED Process: 3 LEED Facts and Figures: 6 Credit Category Intents: 7 Referenced Standards: 9 LEED Credit Required Submittals: 14 LEED Credit Calculations: 19 Related Credits and Synergies: 25 Exemplary Performance Opportunities: 37 5

6 Learning to LEED: Facts and Figures Gloom & Doom Factoids Why Design Green? Buildings in the U.S. consume more than 30% of our total energy and 60% of our electricity annually. Buildings consume 5 billion gallons of potable water per day to flush toilets. A typical North American commercial construction project generates 2.5 pounds of solid waste per square foot of floor space. Studies of workers in green buildings reported productivity gains of up to 16%. About ¼ of the increase in carbon dioxide is due to the building sector, Energy efficiency may reduce this by 50%. Buildings consume 40% of raw stone, gravel and sand, and 25% of virgin wood. Building related sickness may cost between $60 and 400 billion per year. People spend as much as 90% of their time indoors. Factoids by LEED Category Sustainable Sites Vehicles are responsible for approximately 20% of U.S. greenhouse gases annually. Water Efficiency 340 billion gallons of fresh water are withdrawn per day from rivers, streams, and reservoirs to support residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, and recreational activities. Almost 65% of water taken is discharged back to bodies of water after use. Annual water deficiency for the US is 3,700 billion gallons. US industries today use 36% less water than in 1950 due to reuse and Energy Policy Act of 1992 mandating water conserving plumbing. Water consumption rose 6 fold in the last century double the rate of population. Energy & Atmosphere Coal-fired electric utilities produce almost 1/3 the total emission of nitrogen oxide by US citizens. Fundamental commissioning can increase building energy efficiency from 5-10%. Buildings with M&V programs save 10 to 20% the electricity of buildings without. Lost Productivity is equated with 20% of occupants complaining 30 minutes per month. Occupancy sensors may save up to 60% of light energy costs in a building. Materials & Resources 4% of US old growth forest remains. 20% of the world s large ancient forests remain intact. 90% of residential construction is wood. 40% of the waste stream is due to construction and demolition. Recycling an aluminum can uses 5% of the energy needed to create a new can out of virgin mined aluminum. Indoor Environmental Quality A well-designed daylit building is estimated to reduce energy use by 50% to 80%. 6

7 Intent of Credit Categories LEED AP Study Guide Credit Category Intents 1. Sustainable Sites: a. Choosing a site: i. Avoid developing natural areas or productive agricultural areas. This protects habitat and preserves the land for its most appropriate use ii. Locate the project in an area already developed. This reduces sprawl, avoids the need for new infrastructure and possibly provides for an opportunity to restore a degraded site. iii. Take advantage of public transportation and make the site convenient for bicycle users; this will reduce automobile use and its pollutions b. Protecting the site: i. Minimize the footprint of the building ii. Develop a plan for the preservation of the site s plants and topsoil and to limit the construction disturbance to the smallest possible area. iii. Restore disturbed areas to a healthy condition iv. Protect the site and surrounding areas from the effects of stormwater runoff and erosion that are created by the construction process and the disturbance of natural water flows v. Design to reduce heat islands and minimize light pollution 2. Water Efficiency a. Push water efficiency to the next level, and encouraging water use analysis and efficiency in aggregate addresses not only fixtures, but systems and processes. b. The UN reports that humans us 54% of the Earth s annual rainfall and 70% of that is for irrigation and agriculture c. 1 acre of grain can produce as much as 10 times the protein as 1 acre devoted to raising cattle 3. Energy & Atmosphere a. LEED encourages energy efficiency and the use of renewable and alternative energy sources. LEED sets performance targets meet or exceed ASHRAE b. LEED encourages the use of passive energy design, a wide variety of energy efficiency technologies, the use of renewable energy systems and the purchase of green power c. LEED rewards activities proven to enhance and maintain building performance through fundamental systems commissioning and measurement and verification d. The environmental benefits of energy efficiency include: i. Pollution prevention ii. Reductions in the release of toxic and harmful substances such as: 1. Dioxin 2. Sulfur and nitrous oxides (building blocks of acid rain) iii. Resource conservation iv. Environmental degradation from mining and extraction operations also hazardous to mile workers v. Transport of commodities vi. Ozone protection vii. Reduction of greenhouse gasses combustion of fuels for energy releases CO2, methane and NOx all contributors to global warming viii. Global stewardship US leads the world in per-capita production of CO2 at 6.6 tons per year per person % of the electricity in the US comes from coal combustion e. LEED also addresses ozone protection by: i. Banning the use of CFC s ii. Awarding points for the use of non-hcfc based refrigerants 4. Materials & Resources 7

8 a. Building materials affect the environment throughout their life cycles and savings can be found at every point i. Beginning with mining, harvesting, extracting raw materials ii. Through manufacture of components and the final product iii. Transporting and packaging the materials and the product iv. Installing and using the product v. Disposing of the product or, reusing or recycling it b. By selecting materials carefully and reducing waste, we can conserve resources, protect the environment and save money c. Issues addressed by LEED: i. Do we need this material at all? ii. Can we avoid using materials by smarter design? iii. Rehabilitating a building cuts down on material needs d. Re-using salvaged materials is best, using recycled materials is next best e. Using locally-produced materials cuts down on transportation impacts and helps the local economy f. Many materials with improved environmental characteristics are now competitive in price with traditional materials. g. Much construction waste can and should be recovered and reused or recycled i. Construction generates 2 to 2 ½ pounds of waste per square foot ii. As a rule, when landfill tipping fees exceed $50/ton, recycling becomes cost effective iii. Recycling by building occupants is important and can be encouraged with convenient facilities most people are happy to recycle when it s not too difficult. 5. Indoor Environmental Quality a. According to the US EPA, Americans spend an average of 90% of their time indoors, so the quality of the indoor environment is crucial. b. Improvements in indoor environmental quality, such as improving lighting and air quality can increase worker productivity by as much as 16%. We are just beginning to understand these benefits c. We know about the effects of poor indoor environments Legionnaire s Disease, employee lawsuits (such as the suit against the EPA), absenteeism, and increased incidence of illness d. The Consumer Product Safety Commission reported that 150 common household chemicals have been linked to allergies, birth defects, cancer and psychological abnormalities. Pesticides, synthetic fragrances, cleaning products, and detergents, are mostly petro chemicals (petroleum based) and are toxic to humans. e. LEED suggests enhancing indoor environmental quality by: i. Reducing or eliminating pollutants at the source, such as: 1. Low-emitting materials 2. Controlling Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) ii. Managing pollutants through strategies such as Construction IAQ Plans and locating air intakes away from likely sources of pollution iii. Monitoring indoor air to ensure that the quality remains high iv. Providing daylight and views to building occupants 8

9 Sustainable Sites SSp1 Construction Activity Pollution Prevention Referenced Standards 2003 EPA General Construction Permit Stormwater management for construction activities, Ch. 3 SSp2 Environmental Site Assessment ASTM E152750, Phase I Environmental Site Assessment ASTM E Phase II Environmental Site Assessment (2002) SSc1 Site Selection US Department of Agriculture Definition of Prime Agricultural Land (US Code of Federal Regulations 7CFR657.5) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 100Year Flood Definition Endangered Species List (US Fish and Wildlife Service List of Threatened and Endangered Species; National Marine Fisheries Service List of Endangered Marine Species) Definitions of Wetlands in US Code of Federal Regulations (40CFR, Parts , 22) Ssc2 Development Density and Community Connectivity SSc3 Brownfield Redevelopment ASTM E Phase II Environmental Site Assessment EPA Brownfields Definition (EPA Sustainable Redevelopment of Brownfields Program) SSc4.1 Alternative Transportation: Public Transit Access SSc4.2 Alternative Transportation: Bicycle Storage and Changing Rooms SSc4.3 Alternative Transportation: Low Emitting and FEV SSc4.4 Alternative Transportation: Institute of Transportation Engineers Parking Generation Study, 2003 Parking Capacity SSc5.1 Site Development Protect or Restore Habitat SSc5.2 Site Development: Maximize Open Space SSc6.1 Stormwater Design: Quantity Control SSc6.2 Stormwater Design: Quality Control Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of NonPoint Pollution in Coastal Waters, January 1993 (U.S. EPA 840B92002) 9

10 Referenced Standards SSc7.1 Heat Island Effect: NonRoof ASTM E40871 (1996)e1, Standard Test Methods for Total Normal Emittance of Surfaces Using InspectionMeter Techniques SSc7.2 Heat Island Effect : Roof ASTM E Standard Practice for Calculating SRI of Horizontal and LowSloped Opaque Surfaces SSc8 Light Pollution Reduction ASHRAE/IESNA Standard , Energy Standard for Buildings Except LowRise Residential Lighting, Section 9 SSc9 Site Master Plan (Schools Only/CS Only) SSc10 Joint Use of Facilities (Schools Only) Water Efficiency WEp1 Water Use Reduction Energy Policy Act of 1992 Energy Policy Act of 2005 International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials Publication IAPMO/American National Standards Institute UPC 12006, Uniform Plumbing Code 2006, Section Water Conserving Fixtures and Fittings International Code Council, International Plumbing Code 2006, Section 604, Design of Building Water Distribution System WEc1 Water Efficient Landscaping WEc2 Innovative Wastewater See WEp1 Technologies WEc3 Water Use Reduction See WEp1 WEc4 Process Water Use Reduction (Schools Only) Energy and Atmosphere EAp1 Fundamental Commissioning EAp2 Minimum Energy Performance ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard : Energy Standard for Buildings Except LowRise Residential ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Office Buildings 2004 ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Warehouses and Self Storage Buildings 2008 ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for K12 School Buildings New Building Institute, Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide Energy Star Program, Target Finder Rating Tool EAp3 Fundamental Refrigerant U.S. EPA Clean Air Act, Title VI, Section 608, Compliance with the Section of 608 Refrigerant Recycling Rule 10

11 Referenced Standards Management EAc1 Optimize Energy Performance See EAp2 EAc2 Onsite Renewable Energy ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard : Energy Standard for Buildings Except LowRise Residential EAc3 Enhanced Commissioning EAc4 Enhanced Refrigerant Management EAc5 Measurement and Verification International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol, Volume III, EVO , Concepts and Options for Determining Energy Savings in New Construction EAc6 Green Power Center for Resource Solutions, Greene Product Certification Requirements Materials and Resources MRp1 Storage and Collection of Recyclables MRc1.1 Building Reuse Maintain Existing Walls, Floors, Roof MRc1.2 Building Reuse Maintain Interior Nonstructural Elements MRc2 Construction Waste Management MRc3 Materials Reuse MRc4 Recycled Content International Organization for Standardization (ISO) , Environmental Labels and Declarations Self Declared Environmental Claims (Type II Environmental Labeling) MRc5 Regional Materials MRc6 Rapidly Renewable Materials MRc7 Certified Wood Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Principles and Criteria Indoor Environmental Quality EQp1 Minimum IAQ Performance ANSI/ASHRAE Standard : Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality EQp2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control ANSI/ASTME77903 Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization Residential Manual for Compliance with California s 2001 Energy Efficiency Standards (For LowRise Residential 11

12 Referenced Standards Buildings), Chapter 4 EQp3 Minimum Acoustical Performance (Schools Only) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard S , Acoustical Performance Criteria, Design Requirements, and Guidelines for Schools ASHRAE Handbook, Chapter 47, Sound and Vibration Control, 2003 HVAC Applications EQc1 Outdoor Air Delivery ANSI/ASHRAE Standard : Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality Monitoring EQc2 Increased Ventilation ANSI/ASHRAE Standard : Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality EQc3.1 Construction IAQ Management Plan During Construction SMACNA IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under Construction, 2 nd Edition, November 2007 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard : Method of Testing General Ventilation Air Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle Size (MERV) EQc3.2 Construction IAQ US EPA Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Air Pollutants in Indoor Air Management Plan Before Occupancy EQc4.1 LowEmitting Materials : Adhesives and Sealants South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Amendment to South Coast Rule 1168, VOC Limits, effective January 7, 2005 EQc4.2 LowEmitting Materials : Paints and Coatings EQc4.3 LowEmitting Materials : Flooring Systems EQc4.4 LowEmitting Materials : Composite Wood and Agrifiber Products EQc4.5 LowEmitting Materials : Furniture and Furnishings EQc4.6 LowEmitting Materials : Ceiling and Wall Systems (Schools Only) EQc5 Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control Green Seal Standard GS11 (flat and nonflat paints) Green Seal Standard GC03 (anticorrosive/rust paints) SCAQMD Rule 1113, Architectural Coatings Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) Green Label Plus Testing Program SCAQMD Rule 1168 VOC Limits SCAQMD Rule 1113, Architectural Coatings FloorScore Program ANSI/Business and Institutional Furniture Makers Association (BIFMA) X Standard for Formaldehyde and TVOC emissions California Department of Health Services Standard Practice for the Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from Various Sources Using SmallScale Environmental Chambers ANSI/ASHRAE Standard : Method of Testing General Ventilation AirCleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle Size (MERV) 12

13 Referenced Standards EQc6.1 Controllability of Systems: Lighting EQc6.2 Controllability of Systems: Thermal Comfort ANSI/ASHRAE Standard : Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality ANSI/ASHRAE Standard : Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy EQc7.1 Thermal Comfort: Design ANSI/ASHRAE Standard : Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) Applications Manual , Natural Ventilation in Non Domestic Buildings EQc7.2 Thermal Comfort: Verification ANSI/ASHRAE Standard : Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy EQc8.1 Daylight and Views: Daylight ASTM D100307e1, Standard Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics EQc8.2 Daylight and Views: Views EQc9 EQc10 Enhanced Acoustical Performance (Schools Only) Mold Prevention (Schools Only) ANSI/ASHRAE Standard S , Acoustical Performance Criteria, Design Requirements and Guidelines for Schools ASHRAE Handbook, Chapter 47, Sound and Vibration Control, 2003 Applications Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers, EPA Reference Number 402F91102, Effective December 1991 Innovation in Design IDc1 Innovation in Design IDc2 LEED Accredited Professional Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI) IDc3 The School as a Teaching Tool Regional Priority RPc1 Regional Priority 13

14 Sustainable Sites SSp1 Construction Activity Pollution Prevention SSp2 Environmental Site Assessment LEED Credit Required Submittals Project drawings and description of Erosion/Sedimentation Control Plan Confirmation of NPDES (or local) compliance Date stamped photos and inspection reports, with corrective actions taken Copies of all ASTM site assessment summaries Description of any remediation efforts Documentation from governing authority showing remediation to standards has been completed SSc1 Site Selection Record any special circumstances regarding compliance with site selection criteria Ssc2 Development Density and Community Connectivity Keep records of project site and building development area, with a project site vicinity plan showing density radius Site vicinity plan that highlights the halfmile radius, locations, and types of qualifying services/residential areas SSc3 Brownfield Redevelopment Narrative of site contamination and remediation efforts SSc4.1 Alternative Transportation: Site vicinity plan including scale and walking paths, between project building s entrance and rail/bus stops Public Transit Access SSc4.2 Alternative Transportation: Bicycle Storage and Changing FTE/Occupant calculations indicating required number of bike spaces and shower facilities Site plan showing location and quantity of storage, as well as shower facilities, and distances to building entry Rooms SSc4.3 Alternative Transportation: Site plan indicating the number and location of reserved spaces or refueling stations provided Low Emitting and FEV SSc4.4 Alternative Transportation: Parking Capacity Narrative of types of parking, and how carpooling will be encouraged/enforced Site plan indicating reserved spaces SSc5.1 Site Development Protect or Restore Habitat Site plan that indicates disturbance boundaries Site plans indicating protected or restored area, with list of native and adapted plant species SSc5.2 Site Development: Maximize Site plan indicating qualifying open space Open Space SSc6.1 Stormwater Design: Quantity Control Develop a stormwater plan assessment List stormwater strategies and record percentage of rainfall each will handle (show on drawings) SSc6.2 Stormwater Design: Quality List best management practices used to treat stormwater Control SSc7.1 Heat Island Effect: NonRoof Site plan indicating all nonroof hardscape areas, clearly showing each surface type and SRI value SSc7.2 Heat Island Effect : Roof Roof drawings showing total roof area and areas of reflective material/vegetated List of roof products, SRI information SSc8 Light Pollution Reduction Plans indicating locations of lighting 14

15 SSc9 SSc10 Site Master Plan (Schools Only/CS Only) Joint Use of Facilities (Schools Only) LEED Credit Required Submittals Site photometric plan showing light trespass Copy of the tenant design and construction guidelines Plans indicating shared spaces, accessibility, doors, and evidence of advertisement of space availability WEp1 Water Use Reduction Manufacturers data showing water consumption rates, make, and model of each fixture WEc1 Water Efficient Landscaping Landscape plan showing planting schedule and irrigation system WEc2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies Manufacturers data showing water consumption rates, make, and model of each fixture Plans of any rainwater or graywater systems WEc3 Water Use Reduction See WEp1 WEc4 Process Water Use Reduction (Schools Only) Manufacturers data showing water consumption rates, make, and model of each fixture Energy and Atmosphere EAp1 Fundamental Commissioning Commissioning plan including systems lists in the scope Document that the CX has experience on at least 2 buildings Retain Owner s Project Requirements, Basis of Design, Commissioning Specs and report, and systems manuals EAp2 Minimum Energy Performance Copies of ASHRAE compliance forms Copy of energy simulation report EAp3 Fundamental Refrigerant Management CFC phase out plan, where applicable Manufacturers documentation demonstrating type of refrigeration used in building s base HVAC&R EAc1 Optimize Energy Copies of any energy simulations/compliance paths taken Performance EAc2 Onsite Renewable Energy Documentation of energy source types, energy output, and any incentives utilized EAc3 Enhanced Commissioning Commissioning plan updates: design development phase, construction documents phase, and just before kickoff meetings Copy of the CX s design review, OPR, BOD, Commissioning Reports, Manuals, and Specifications EAc4 Enhanced Refrigerant Management Manufacturers documentation, indicating type/quantity of refrigerant used Engineering documentation indicating that halons, CFC s, HCFC s, are not in fire suppression system EAc5 Measurement and Develop an IPMVP measurement and verification plan 15

16 LEED Credit Required Submittals Verification Diagrams of meter locations EAc6 Green Power Signed 2year contract for purchase of renewable energy Materials and Resources MRp1 Storage and Collection of Plans indicating recycling area size, accessibility, and floor plans showing all recycling locations Recyclables MRc1.1 Building Reuse Maintain List of all shell attributes and area of new, existing, and reused elements Existing Walls, Floors, Roof MRc1.2 Building Reuse Maintain List of all nonstructural interior elements, including areas of new, existing, and reused elements Interior Nonstructural Elements MRc2 Construction Waste Management Summary log of all construction waste by type and quantity Weigh tickets/receipts from waste management facilities MRc3 Materials Reuse List of all reused or salvaged material, and corresponding costs MRc4 Recycled Content Manufacturers names, costs, percentage of recycled content Cutsheets or letters from manufacturer indicating recycled contents MRc5 Regional Materials List of all product purchases manufactured, extracted, and harvested regionally Distance between each manufacturer and project site, and project site to extraction site MRc6 Rapidly Renewable Materials Retain cutsheets of all rapidly renewable materials MRc7 Certified Wood Track certified wood purchases and retain Chain of Custody documentation Collect vendor invoices for each wood product, with a list of percent FSC wood in each product/purchase Indoor Environmental Quality EQp1 Minimum IAQ Performance Narrative documentation of compliance with ASHRAE EQp2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control Policy indicating areas where smoking is prohibited. Include site plans Testing data for any interior smoking rooms proving there is no crosscontamination to other spaces EQp3 Minimum Acoustical Performance (Schools Only) Manufacturer documentation for noise reduction coefficient of each material Recorded reverberation times Narrative indicating how background noise is kept below 45dBA per ANSI S12.60 EQc1 Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring Floor plans indicating airflow monitors and CO2 sensor locations 16

17 LEED Credit Required Submittals EQc2 Increased Ventilation Plans of open areas within the project (for natural ventilation) EQc3.1 Construction IAQ Management Plan During Construction Written construction IAQ plan for use during demolition and construction Detailed photo log of IAQ plan practices followed during construction EQc3.2 Construction IAQ Management Plan Before Occupancy EQc4.1 LowEmitting Materials : Adhesives and Sealants EQc4.2 LowEmitting Materials : Paints and Coatings EQc4.3 LowEmitting Materials : Flooring Systems EQc4.4 LowEmitting Materials : Composite Wood and Agrifiber Products EQc4.5 LowEmitting Materials : Furniture and Furnishings EQc4.6 LowEmitting Materials : Ceiling and Wall Systems (Schools Only) EQc5 Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control EQc6.1 Controllability of Systems: Lighting EQc6.2 Controllability of Systems: Thermal Comfort Flush Out: record dates, occupancy, outdoor air delivery, internal temperature, and humidity IAQ testing: copies of the testing reports Maintain lists of each indoor adhesive product, sealant, and primer. Include Manufacturers names, product names, and VOC data (g/l) Maintain lists of each indoor paint and coating. Include Manufacturers names, product names, and VOC data (g/l) Maintain lists of each carpet, cushion, adhesive installed, and include VOC content Maintain list of each hard surface flooring product, adhesive, and finishes, and record VOC content List of each composite wood and Agrifiber product, and confirmation that no ureaformaldehyde is added Maintain documentation that each furniture product/seating is GreenGuard Children and Schools Certified Documentation indicating that all gypsum, insulation, and ceiling systems and wall coverings meet the Cal. Dept of Health Services standards for VOC s Plans or photos of all permanent entryway systems Maintenance procedures/logs for entryway systems Floor plan indicating location, zoning, and type of lighting controls Design information on each task lighting, sensor, and lighting control List of individual workstations and controls EQc7.1 Thermal Comfort: Design Copy of the OPR and BOD Summarize operational procedures for the building controls Plans showing all registers and terminal units, including type and flow EQc7.2 Thermal Comfort: Verification Written corrective action plan in case 20% or more of occupants are dissatisfied with thermal comfort Thermal comfort survey to administer to building occupants 17

18 LEED Credit Required Submittals EQc8.1 Daylight and Views: Daylight Floor plans showing glare control methods, location of regularly occupied spaces, and daylight If using a daylight simulation, maintain updated computer models for upload EQc8.2 Daylight and Views: Views Floor plans, sections, and elevations showing regularly occupied spaces with views EQc9 Enhanced Acoustical Copies of project building plans, STC ratings, and treatments for ductwork or passages connect classroom spaces Performance (Schools Only) EQc10 Mold Prevention (Schools Only) Narrative indicating how relative humidity will be kept under 60% Written IAQ management plan addressing operational/maintenance issues and solutions Innovation in Design IDc1 Innovation in Design Narrative indicating how the project has developed innovative strategies IDc2 LEED Accredited Professional Confirmation of LEED AP s on the project IDc3 The School as a Teaching Tool Documentation of the process by which the team has incorporated teaching (Schools Only) Regional Priority RPc1 Regional Priority See base credit 18

19 LEED Credit Calculations Sustainable Sites SSp1 Construction Activity Pollution Prevention SSp2 Environmental Site Assessment SSc1 Site Selection Ssc2 Development Density and Community Connectivity Equation 1: Development Density (sf/acre) = Gross Building Area (SF) Site Area (Acres) Equation 2: Density Radius = 3 X [ Site Area (acres) X 43,560 (sf/acre)] Equation 3: Average Proper Density in Boundary: Square Footage Site Area SSc3 Brownfield Redevelopment SSc4.1 Alternative Transportation: Public Transit Access SSc4.2 SSc4.3 SSc4.4 SSc5.1 SSc5.2 SSc6.1 Alternative Transportation: Bicycle Storage and Changing Rooms Alternative Transportation: Low Emitting and FEV Alternative Transportation: Parking Capacity Site Development Protect or Restore Habitat Site Development: Maximize Open Space Stormwater Design: Quantity Control Equation 1: Total FTE Staff Occupants = Total Staff Occupant Hours 8 Equation 2: Number of Secure Bike Spaces = (FTE Staff Occupants x.05) + (Peak Transients x.05) + ( Residents x.15) Equation 3: Showering Facilities = FTE Staff x.005 Equation 1: 50% of Site (excluding bldg footprint) = ( Total Site Area Building Footprint Area) x.05 Equation 2: 20% of Site = Total Site Area x.02) Case 1: Multiply local zoning requirements by 125% Case 3: Multiply site area by 20% for open space requirement Equation 1, Volume of Captured Runoff: V(cubic feet) = [(P)(Rv)(A)] 12 P= Average Rainfall A= Area of Collection Surface (sf) Rv= (0.009)(I) I = Percentage of impervious collection surface Equation 2, Minimum Drawdown Rate: Qr (cu ft per sec)= Tank Capacity (cf) Rain Event Interval (seconds) 19

20 LEED Credit Calculations Qr = minimum drawdown rate SSc6.2 Stormwater Design: Quality Control SSc7.1 Heat Island Effect: NonRoof Equation 1: Q = (S+E+A+R+O) Equation 2: Q > T 2 T = total nonroof hardscape surfaces (sf) S = total effective shaded area (on summer solstice) E = area shaded by solar panels A = all hardscape shaded by structures with an SRI of at least 29 R = all hardscape surfaces with SRI of at least 29 O = all hardscape with open grid paving (at least 50% pervious) SSc7.2 Heat Island Effect : Roof Area of Low slope Area of Steep Slope SRI Vegetated Roof SRI Material Material Area 78 x (.75 SRI Value) + 29 x (.75 SRI Value) (Total Roof Area ) (Deducted Area) SSc8 Light Pollution Reduction SSc9 Site Master Plan (Schools Only/CS Only) SSc10 Joint Use of Facilities (Schools Only) Water Efficiency WEp1 Water Use Reduction Flow Fixtures: Number of Users (FTE, Guests, Visitors) x Duration of Use x Uses per Day x Flow Rate = Gallons per day Flush Fixtures: Number of users (FTE, Guests, Visitors) x Uses Per Day x Flush Rate = Gallons per Day Total Water Use: Flush Fixtures GPD + Flow Fixtures GPD The equations for Base Case and Design Case must be the same, with only the Flow/ Flush rate changing. For the baseline, utilize the following rates: Toilets: 1.6 gpf, Urinals 1.0 gpf, Showers: 2.5 gpm, kitchen sink: 2.2 gpm, Commercial lavatory faucets: 2.2 gpm in guest rooms,.5 in all public restrooms, Metering faucets:.25 gallons per cycle WEc1 Water Efficient Landscaping Equation 1: KL = KS x Kd x Kmc KL = Landscape Coeeficient 20

21 WEc2 Innovative Wastewater See WEp1 Technologies WEc3 Water Use Reduction See WEp1 WEc4 Process Water Use Reduction (Schools Only) LEED Credit Calculations Ks = Species Factor Kd = Density Factor Kmc = Microclimate Factor Equation 2: ETL (in) = ETo x KL ETo = Evapotranspiration Rate CE = Controller Efficiency Equation 3: Design Case TWA (gal) = [Area (sf) x ETL (In) IE] x CE x (gal/sf/in) Equation 4: Design Case TWPA (gal) = TWA Reuse Water (gal) TWA = Total Water Applied TWPA = Total Water Potable Applied Equation 5: Baseline TWA (gal) = Area (sf) x [ETL (in) IE] x.6233 (gal/sf/in) Equation 6: Percentage Reduction of Potable Water = [ 1 (Design TWPA) (Baseline TWA)] x 100 Equation 7: Percentage Reduction of Total Water (%) = 1 [(Design TWA) (Baseline TWA)] x 100 Energy and Atmosphere EAp1 Fundamental Commissioning EAp2 Minimum Energy Utilize calculations found in ASHRAE Performance EAp3 Fundamental Refrigerant Management EAc1 Optimize Energy Percentage Improvement = 100 x [(1Proposed Building Performance) Baseline Building Performance] Performance EAc2 Onsite Renewable Energy Calculations based on EAc1 or Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey for each building type EAc3 Enhanced Commissioning EAc4 Enhanced Refrigerant Management Life Cycle Ozone Depletion Potential (LCODP) = [ODPr x (Lr x Life + Mr) x Rc] Life Life Cycle Global Warming Potential (LCGWP) = [GWPr x (Lr x Life + Mr) x Rc] Life 21

22 LEED Credit Calculations Refrigerant Atmospheric Impact = LCGWP + LCODP x Rc = Refrigerant Charge, in pounds of refrigerant per ton of gross cooling capacity ODP = Ozone Depleting Potential Lr = Leakage Rate MR = End of Life Refrigerant Loss EAc5 Measurement and Utilize formulas in IPMVP Volume III Verification EAc6 Green Power Based on results from EAc1 Materials and Resources MRp1 Storage and Collection of Recyclables MRc1.1 Building Reuse Maintain Percentage Reused = Reused Area (sf) x Existing Area (sf) Existing Walls, Floors, Roof MRc1.2 Building Reuse Maintain Percentage Reused = Reused Area (sf) x Existing Area (sf) Interior Nonstructural Elements MRc2 Construction Waste Diverted Materials = Quantity of materials recycled or reused Total construction waste Management MRc3 Materials Reuse Percentage Reused Materials = [Cost of reused materials($) Total materials cost ($)] x 100 MRc4 Recycled Content Equation 1: Recycled content value = (% Postconsumer recycled cont. x Materials cost) + [0.5 x (% preconsumer recycled cont. x Materials cost)] Equation 2: Percentage Recycled Content = (Total recycled cont. value ($) Total Materials cost) x 100 Equation 3: Assembly Recycled Content = [(% Postconsumer recycled cont. Total Assembly Weight) x (Assembly Cost) x (% Preconsumer Recycled Content Total Assembly Weight) x (.5) x ( Assembly cost) MRc5 Regional Materials Percentage Local Materials = [Total cost of local materials ($) Total materials cost ($) x 100 MRc6 Rapidly Renewable Materials Percent of Rapidly Renewable Materials = [Total Cost of Rapidly Renewable Materials Total Material Cost ] x 100 MRc7 Certified Wood Equation 1: Certified Wood Material % = [ FSC certified wood material value $ Total new wood material] x 100 Equation 2: Assembly FSC wood value = [Weight of FSC wood in assembly weight of assembly] x Assembly Value ($) Equation 3: Assembly new wood value = [weight of new wood in assembly weight of assembly] x Assembly Value ($) 22

23 LEED Credit Calculations Indoor Environmental Quality EQp1 Minimum IAQ Performance Equation 1: Vbz = Rp x Pz + Ra x Az Vbz = breathing zone airflow Rp = outdoor airflow required per person (per ASHRAE ) Pz = zone population Ra = airflow rate required per unit area Az = zone floor area; net occupied floor area of the zone EQp2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control EQp3 Minimum Acoustical Performance (Schools Only) Equation 1: A = a1 s1 + a2s2 Do this for each material type A = sound absorption coefficient S = total surface area for that material (sf) Equation 2: RT = x [V A] V = Room volume A = Sond absorption RT = Reverberation Time EQc1 Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring EQc2 Increased Ventilation All necessary calculations are provided in the ASHRAE User Manual program free for all registered projects EQc3.1 Construction IAQ Management Plan During Construction EQc3.2 Construction IAQ Management Plan Before Occupancy EQc4.1 LowEmitting Materials : Adhesives and Sealants EQc4.2 LowEmitting Materials : Paints and Coatings EQc4.3 LowEmitting Materials : Phased FlushOut Phase 1: Building Area (sf) x 3,500 ft outdoor air = Cubic feet of air needed prior to occupancy Phase 2: Building Area (sf) x 10,500 ft outdoor air = Cubic feet of air needed to complete flushout Non Phased Flushout Building Area (sf) x 14,000 ft outdoor air = Cubic feet of air needed prior to occupancy 23

24 LEED Credit Calculations Flooring Systems EQc4.4 LowEmitting Materials : Composite Wood and Agrifiber Products EQc4.5 LowEmitting Materials : Furniture and Furnishings EQc4.6 LowEmitting Materials : Ceiling and Wall Systems (Schools Only) EQc5 Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control EQc6.1 Controllability of Systems: Lighting EQc6.2 Controllability of Systems: Thermal Comfort EQc7.1 Thermal Comfort: Design EQc7.2 Thermal Comfort: Verification EQc8.1 Daylight and Views: Daylight Prescriptive Path equation: < VLT x WFR < VLT= Visible Light Transmittance WFR = Window to Floor Ratio EQc8.2 Daylight and Views: Views EQc9 Enhanced Acoustical Performance (Schools Only) EQc10 Mold Prevention (Schools) Innovation in Design IDc1 Innovation in Design IDc2 LEED Accredited Professional IDc3 The School as a Teaching Tool Regional Priority See Base Credit 24

25 Related Credits and Synergies Sustainable Sites SSp1 Construction Activity Pollution Prevention Minimizing Site Disturbance: SSc5.1 Site Development Protect or Restore Habitat, SSc5.2 Maximize Open Space Limiting disruption of site hydrology: SSc6.1 and 6.2 Stormwater Design Quantity and Quality SSp2 Environmental Site SSc3: Brownfield Redevelopment Assessment SSc1 Site Selection Proper site selection: SSc2: Development Density/Community Connectivity SSc3: Brownfield Redevelopment SSc4.1: Alternative Transportation Public Transportation Access SSc5.1: Site Development Protect or Restore Habitat SSc5.2: Site Development Maximize Open Space SSc6.1: Stormwater Design Quantity Control SSc6.2: Stormwater Design Quality Control Ssc2 Development Density and Community Connectivity Channeling Development to urban areas: SSc1: Site Selection SSc4.1: Alternative Transportation Public Transportation Access SSc3 Brownfield Redevelopment Develop and restore sites to appropriate conditions SSc1: Site Selection SSc4.1 SSc4.2 SSc4.3 Alternative Transportation: Public Transit Access Alternative Transportation: Bicycle Storage and Changing Rooms Alternative Transportation: Low Emitting and FEV Develop near infrastructure to reduce carbon footprint SSc1: Site Selection SSc2: Development Density Selection of proper materials for bicycle areas can provide synergies SSc6: Stormwater Design SSc7.1 Heat Island Effect Nonroof Provide preferred parking without increasing parking area SSc4.4: Parking Capacity 25

26 SSc4.4 SSc5.1 SSc5.2 SSc6.1 SSc6.2 Alternative Transportation: Parking Capacity Site Development Protect or Restore Habitat Site Development: Maximize Open Space Stormwater Design: Quantity Control Stormwater Design: Quality Control Related Credits and Synergies Minimizing parking areas can enhance space, reduce heat islands, and reduce runoff SSc5.1: Site Development Protect and Restore Habitat SSc5.2: Maximize Open Space SSc6: Stormwater Management SSc7.1: Heat Island Nonroof Preserve open space, minimize runoff, reduce heat island SSc5.2: Maximize Open Space SSc6: Stormwater Management SSc7.1: Heat Island Nonroof SSc7.2: Heat Island Roof WEc1: WaterEfficient Landscaping Increased open space reduces stormwater control needs, as well as heat islands SSc6: Stormwater Management SSc7.1: Heat Island Nonroof SSc7.2: Heat Island Roof Increased pervious areas help to reduce stormwater management needs. SSc5.1: Site Development Protect and Restore Habitat SSc5.2: Maximize Open Space SSc6.2: Stormwater Design Quality Control Increased pervious areas help to reduce stormwater management needs. SSc5.1: Site Development Protect and Restore Habitat SSc5.2: Maximize Open Space SSc6.1: Stormwater Design Quantity Control SSc7.1: Heat Island Nonroof SSc7.2: Heat Island Roof SSc7.1 Heat Island Effect: NonRoof Covered parking reduces site disturbance, open grid paving reduces stormwater control needs. SSc5.2: Maximize Open Space SSc6.1: Stormwater Design Quantity Control SSc6.2: Stormwater Design Quality Control 26

27 Related Credits and Synergies SSc7.2 Heat Island Effect : Roof Vegetated roofs capture stormwater, provide open space, reduce energy needs, and are synergies with: SSc5.1: Site Development Protect and Restore Habitat SSc5.2: Maximize Open Space SSc6.1: Stormwater Design Quantity Control SSc6.2: Stormwater Design Quality Control WEc3: Water Use Reduction EAc1: Optimize Energy Performance SSc8 Light Pollution Reduction Reduced lighting will help to reduce energy consumption SSc9 SSc10 Site Master Plan (Schools Only/CS Only) Joint Use of Facilities (Schools Only) EAc1: Optimize Energy Performance A site master plan will help to reduce the impact of site operations on the environment. Synergies include: SSc1: Site Selection SSc5.1: Site Development Protect and Restore Habitat SSc5.2: Maximize Open Space SSc6.1: Stormwater Design Quantity Control SSc6.2: Stormwater Design Quality Control SSc7.1: Heat Island Nonroof SSc8: Light Pollution Reduction Promote community connectivity: SSc2: Development Density and Community Connectivity WEp1 Water Use Reduction Reduce potable water demand through harvesting, graywater, and efficiency: SSc6.1: Stormwater Design Quantity Control SSc6.2: Stormwater Design Quality Control WEc1: WaterEfficient Landscaping WEc2: Innovative Wastewater Technologies WEc3: Water Use Reduction WEc4: Process Water Reduction EAp1: Fundamental Commissioning EAc3: Enhanced Commissioning EAc5: Measurement and Verification 27

28 Related Credits and Synergies WEc1 Water Efficient Landscaping Use adapted/native species to reduce water needs: SSc5.1: Site Development Protect and Restore Habitat SSc5.2: Maximize Open Space Capture water for reuse: SSc6.1: Stormwater Design Quantity Control SSc6.2: Stormwater Design Quality Control SSc7.1: Heat Island Nonroof EAp2: Minimum Energy Performance WEc2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies EAc1: Optimize Energy Performance SSc6.1: Stormwater Design Quantity Control SSc6.2: Stormwater Design Quality Control WEp1: Water Use Reduction WEc1: WaterEfficient Landscaping WEc3: Water Use Reduction WEc4: Process Water Reduction WEc3 Water Use Reduction See WEp1 WEc4 Process Water Use Reduction (Schools Only) Water efficiency can reduce energy demand: EAp1: Fundamental Commissioning EAc5: Measurement and Verification Energy and Atmosphere 28