FOUNDATION FOR SUCCESS OF ZNE BUILDING S, RESTS IN WHAT RESIDES -- BEHIND CLOSED DOORS. Green California Schools Summit November 2016

Transcription

1 FOUNDATION FOR SUCCESS OF ZNE BUILDING S, RESTS IN WHAT RESIDES -- BEHIND CLOSED DOORS

2 THE BEGINNING --

3 Overview Zero Net Energy (ZNE)! Background / History / Remember What s ZNE? Forgotten / Overlooked / Impact / Old & New Foundation for ZNE Electrical System Bottom-line

4 Background

5 Modern Energy Conservation and Efficiency Evolution 70 s 80 s 90 s 2000 s 2010 & Beyond ZNE

6 Remember Impact - Environment Summer Set Temperature Higher than Normal Winter Set Temperature Lower than Normal Change Incandescent to Fluorescents Lower lighting levels remove lamps Change lamps 40 to 34 watt T-12 Roof Insulation Weather Stripping Blocking UP Windows

7 How s (ZNE) Defined? DEFINITION Zero Net Energy Building (ZNE) -- a Building with zero net annual energy consumption -- Energy Used = Energy Produced -- EU EP = 0 -- EP comes from Renewable Sources AKA Net Zero Energy: Site, Source, Cost, Emissions (Carbon Neutral)

8 How s (ZNE) Defined? DOE Redefined EU is now Source Energy Point of Production NOW: Per 100 kwh used onsite equals 100 x kbtu = kbtu/yr Redefined: 100 kwh = x 3.15 = kbtu/yr = 341 kwh of renewable energy at the site Factors vary by fuels/regions NOTE: Most Consider Current Definition But change maybe on the horizon

9 EXAMPLES of SCHOOLS Applies to New, Renovations or Upgrades (EPC)

10 Sacred Heart Schools Stevens Family Library -- Atherton CA 6,300SF AEUI 17 SREUI 29 NEUI -12 AEUI = Actual EUI SREUI Site Renewable EUI NEUI Net EUI CERTIFIED

11 Solana Ranch ES -- San Diego, CA 68,000SF Emerging Zero Net Energy

12 Redding School for the Arts -- Redding CA 77,091SF -- Emerging ZNE

13 ZNE Foundation Laid LEED / High Performance Design Standards 1995 to Present USGBC; CHPS; Green Globes U.S. Department of Energy; EPA (Portfolio Manager) ASHRAE ; AIA CA Grid Neutral Doc for K-12 & CC Components/System -- lighting, controls, HVAC, Commissioning Remember: Before you think Renewables, Achieve the Lowest Possible EUI in Design/Operation

14 ZNE Codes, Guidance, Legislation AIA 2030 Challenge All new buildings to achieve 70% below regional average/mean EUI for Bldg. Type and ZNE by 2030 ASHRAE Vision 2020 by 2020 provide tools to achieve ZNE by 2030 Title 24 change Effective 1/1/2017 Increase focus on plug loads New commercial Bldg. ZNE by % of Existing State SF be ZNE by % of Existing Commercial Bldg. by 2030

15 ZNE Codes, Guidance, Legislation Prop 39 Demo projects for existing Schools with assistance from IOU Federal Government 2020/2030 Other Influencing Factors Conference of Mayors adopted in 2016 a resolution -- Moving America's Model Building Energy Code on a Path of Steady Efficiency Improvements Toward Net Zero 9 States National Governors Association Conference of Mayors, National Association of Counties NYC One City Built to Last New Buildings by 2030 and existing buildings achieve ZNE by 2050 Numerous Cities across the nation adopting ZNE Hundreds of Design professionals and Firms adopting ZNE

16 ZNE Success = Focus on Efficiency Performance requirements drives design Focus on Load Reduction; Then Energy Efficiency Features; Then renewable energy; Require New Building s Renewable (ZNE) ready Remember: Before you think Renewables, Achieve the Lowest Possible EUI in Design/Operation

17 ZNE Actions / Considerations -- Today Strategies Lighting Systems & Daylighting Components, Controls Site and Building orientation Building Envelope -- Roof, Windows, etc. HVAC Boilers, Motors, Compressors, Controls BMS/EMS Commissioning of all systems Including Building Envelope What s Forgotten???

18 Forgotten/Overlooked/Impact/Old & New Low Voltage Dry-Type Transformers (LVDT) LVDT Low Voltage Dry-Type Transformers Steps Down incoming Voltage to 120/208V Plug loads Plug loads in ZNEB can be up to 50% of load WHY? Out of Sight/Out of Mind Behind closed/locked doors Design/Efficiency based on unreal 35% loading

19 Forgotten/Overlooked Studies Oak Ridge Study LVDT Load Study 1999 Metered Load Factors for Low-Voltage, Dry-Type Transformers in Commercial, Industrial, and Public Buildings The Cadmus Group Inc. 12/7/99, Prepared for Northeast Energy Efficiency Partnership

20 What can happen!! -- IMPACT 75 kva LVDT 2.3 kw load 1.02 kw waste energy -- About $1100/yr cost Temp F Egg 158F Bacon 300F How many of these do you have behind closed doors?

21 How were studies used by U.S. DOE? Initiated actions to improve DT Efficiency & Design Major effort on LVDT Preliminary Recommendation Published in 2004 TP-1 minimum; CSL-3 LLCC -- more efficient Estimate annual savings IF B kwh; 2.6% of all produced Efficiencies -- based on 35% load -- linear loads(ll) -- Not Real World 1999 Study and testing of existing TP-1 UL approved for 5% Non-linear (NL) loads TP-1 included in EPACT 2005 effective 2007 LVDT CSL-3 UL approved for 100% NL produced Note: In schools today 60-80% of plug loads are non-linear Note: Some Manufacturers Built CSL-3 Most Decided Not to

22 IMPACT Old vs. CSL-3 (Preliminary Rule) (EPC) -30 F

23 DOE Final Ruling Effective January 2016 For Low Voltage Dry-type (LVDT) About 30% less losses than EPACT 2005/NEMA TP1 (previous standard since 2007) Exception: single phase efficiency not changed Why Increase Minimum Efficiency? Most Transformers sold on low first cost Most Manu. only offer min. legal efficiency products Supporting Analysis -- DOE 2016 vs. EPACT2005 : $10.4B Savings (5.8 B kwh) Significant savings beyond DOE 2016 Max. Technology: added $9B savings resulting in $19.4B total potential savings (total = ( ) 10.8 B kwh/year Low Lifecycle Optimizing Transformer (LLOT)

24 DOE 2016 Single Point 35% Requirement does not match Real World Loading REAL WORLD REAL WORLD Plug Loads Servers & a concentrated electronic environment

25 Why GO Beyond DOE 2016 Ruling? Foundation for ZNE DOE 2016 ruling states: Losses can be reduced by further 87% with technology available today ($9B more) $19.4B additional savings DOE 2016 also states: Lower Lifecycle Cost is Achieved by Optimizing for Real World Loading Federal Register/Vol 78, No. 75/Thursday, April 18, 2013/ Rules and Regulations If DOE s Cost/efficiency design cloud were redrawn to reflect loadings (real world loads), other than those specified in the test procedure, different designs would migrate to optimum frontier of the cloud -- LLOT

26 Install the Foundation -- Where Applicable!! New Construction Major Renovations Prop 39 Energy Performance Contracts System Upgrades / Repairs Effective Useful Life Prop yrs. DOE 33 yrs.++ LOTT 25 yrs. ++ Life of Bldg. due to low loads Specs Based Performance, non-linear and real world loads Hold Specs Don t Give-in

27 EXISTING VS. DOE 2016 LOSSES OF EXISTING VS. CALCULATED DOE 2016 DOE 2016 CALCULATED Model EXISTING 2016-R Nominal kva % Loading - Average Losses (kw) - Average Reduction in Average Losses 81.0%

28 The Bottom-Line: Ask yourself Do you want this in a New Facilities; How many do you have now? Remember What was True in the 70s for oil filters, is True today for HP Energy Components -- Pay me Now or Pay me Later!! Require and Demand Lowest Life Cycle Cost Analysis in Selection and Testing to verify specs are being met -- commissioning

29 A High Performance/Zero Net Energy Bldg., Needs a Solid Structural and Electrical Foundation for Success Specify, Select, Install LLOT LLOT Electrical Foundation Structural Foundation

30 One thing to Remember and Key to the Success of HP / ZNE Design Building don t operate themselves Occupants (People) do!!!! Energy Awareness, Education is Essential for Success Now and in the Future -- at ALL Levels Remember the Seatbelt!!!! LLOT Electrical Foundation Structural Foundation

31 Contact Info: LLOT Lorenz V. Schoff Energy Efficient Solutions 2906 Tall Oaks Drive Blacksburg, VA DOE Mandate