Newfoundland Towards Blue Biorefinery: Sustainable Utilization of Marine Resources

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Aquaculture and Seafood Development Fisheries and Marine Institute

1 Newfoundland Towards Blue Biorefinery: Sustainable Utilization of Marine Resources Deepika Dave, PhD Research Scientist Centre for Aquaculture and Seafood Development Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland CANADA 30 th May- 1 st June, 2016

2 OUTLINE Sustainability of Fisheries Marine Biorefinery Approach for Sustainability Centre for Aquaculture and Seafood Development (CASD)-Capabilities CASD Initiatives- Biorefinery Strategy

3 Ocean Based Biorefinery for the Blue Economy Ocean Based Biorefinery Production of multiple co-products from marine bioresources Blue economy Book written by Gunter Pauli, 2010 A design theory intended to bring natural ecosystems and economy into harmony and create jobs Means further development of the green economy Refers to the colour of the sky, the ocean and the Gaia A different way of designing business by using the resources available in cascading systems, where the waste of one product becomes the input to create a new cash flow Goal is to create jobs, raise incomes, increase quality of life while saving the environment

4 Sustainable Fisheries

5 NL Fisheries Others 1% Ground fish 13% Shellfish 63% Pelagic 23% Mussels 35% Salmonid 65% Capture Fisheries Landed Value by Species Group, 2014 (Landings: 255,960 tonnes- 30% of Canada) (Landed value: $ 700 million) Aquaculture Landed Value by Species, 2014 (Landing : 9240 tonnes-7% of total Canada) (-65% compared to 2013 (Production value: $ 54 million)

6 Fisheries PROBLEMS Waste of Resources (27-85% is waste) Newfoundland Contribute 30% of total waste Environmental Problems Disposal Cost Majority waste goes into Small quantities used for

7 MARINE BIOREFINERY

8 Biorefining for what? Bio-refinery approaches meet a sustainable development challenge, the goal being to valorise all the components of a biomass by turning them into higher value products while producing no waste Concepts of Green chemistry, Blue Biorefinery, Green Technology, Clean Technology, etc. Combination of physical, enzymatic and microbial treatments Price Pharma Health food Cosmetics Functional food Food Animal Feed Fish meal Quantity We need to move up the value chain This is what we have been good at BLUE BIOREFINERY: MARINE, SEAFOOD WASTE AND ALGAE

9 Centre for Aquaculture and Seafood Development MARINE BIOPROCESSING & BIOREFINERY DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS

CASD Overview Comprehensive industrial response unit

research personnel Undertake contractual technical

aquaculture sectors (~40 projects/year) ISO 9001:2008

10 CASD Overview Comprehensive industrial response unit within the School of Fisheries 18 scientific and research personnel Undertake contractual technical support and research services to the seafood and aquaculture sectors (~40 projects/year) ISO 9001:2008 Registered

11 Key Area of Applied Research AQUACULTURE SEAFOOD PROCESSING MARINE BIOPROCESSING

Dedicated Research Facilities Aquaculture

comprehensive and largest pilot plant and

Canada dedicated to seafood, aquaculture

12 Dedicated Research Facilities Aquaculture Facility Marine Bio-Processing Pilot Plant Seafood Processing Pilot Plant Marine Bio-Processing Laboratory The most comprehensive and largest pilot plant and applied research facilities of its kind in Canada dedicated to seafood, aquaculture and marine bioprocessing with a combined area of over 2000 m 2

13 SEAFOOD PROCESSING Pilot plant 1,100 sq. metres QMP and Food Safety Enhancement Program Product development kitchen Sensory analysis lab (taste panels) Variety of pilot scale processing equipment

14 CASE STUDY: HPP Snow Crab Learn how to operate HPP system Acquire & Install Pilot Scale HPP Automate meat extraction (patent pending) Optimize process parameters for snow crab

15 RESEARCH AT SEA

16 Aquaculture Research Hatchery & marine site assessments Finfish strain assessments Finfish health & nutrition Aquaculture engineering Finfish processing Shellfish processing

17 MARINE BIOPROCESSING PILOT PLANT

MARINE BIOPROCESSING R&D This 270 square meter facility is equipped with: A variety of extraction, concentrating and drying equipment Extrusion processing equipment 200 liter batch biodiesel

18 MARINE BIOPROCESSING R&D This 270 square meter facility is equipped with: A variety of extraction, concentrating and drying equipment Extrusion processing equipment 200 liter batch biodiesel processor Pilot scale oil extraction equipment Biotechnology analytical lab This facility is available to clients for: Lab scale isolation of potentially valuable by-products from seafood waste streams The purification and concentration of valuable by-products Pilot scale and Poof of concept prior to commercialization Conducting industrial workshops

19 Bioprocessing/Biorefinery Value Chain optimization

20 Blue Biorefining for NL

21 Focus on Farmed Atlantic Salmon TRADITIONAL VALUE CHAIN VALUE CHAIN OF BIOMASS WASTE VALUE CHAIN PRODUCTS Feed Formulation Grow & Harvest Unutilized Raw Materials Heads Frames Fish oil Omega-3 fatty acids Process into illets/portions Skin Enzymes Gut/ Organs Calcium Hydroxyapatite

22 OIL and PROTEIN EXTRACTION EQUIPMENTS Hobart grinder Contherm scraped-surface heat exchanger Steam Kettle Decanter centrifuge Reverse osmosis Flash Evaporator Spray Dryer

23 Biorefining Salmon Co-products Heat/Enzymatic hydrolysis Heads Water and enzymes Oil Blended guts Exact time and temp Water soluble protein Minerals Frames and Morts

Atlantic Salmon Oil Analytes Fillet Guts Heads Frames Fat (GC/FID) 16.3 90.2 88.9 95.2 Saturated 3.83 17.1 19.6 21.0 Cis-Monounsaturated 5.70 34.4 31.7 33.8 Cis-Polyunsaturated 5.94 35.1 33.9 36.

24 Atlantic Salmon Oil Analytes Fillet Guts Heads Frames Fat (GC/FID) Saturated Cis-Monounsaturated Cis-Polyunsaturated Trans Fatty Acids 0.15 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Omega-6 Polyunsaturated EPA DPA DHA EPA/DHA ratio Omega-3/omega-6 ratio

25 BIODIESEL PILOT PLANT

26 PILOT SCALE BIODIESEL PRODUCTION Biodiesel Glycerol Oil Filling Transesterification

27 GENERATOR INSTALLATION Sugarloaf Aquaculture Site, Bay d Espoir

28 Focus on Seal Seal Oil Seal Biodiesel

29 Biorefinery products Biomedical Pharmaceutical Cosmetics Food Products Collagen Coffee

30 Focus on Shellfish Extracts SHRIMP SNOW CRAB Finished Product 30-65% Shell Waste 35-70%

Pharmaceutical Agricultural Soil Treatment Cosmetics Paper Industries Protein

31 SHELL BIOREFINERY Fractionation Calcium carbonate (20-50%) Chitin (15-40%) Pharmaceutical Agricultural Soil Treatment Construction, Paper Industries Pharmaceutical Agricultural Soil Treatment Cosmetics Paper Industries Protein (20-40%) Fertilizers Animal feeds Pigment (7-10%) Medical Animal feed additive Food Cosmetic

32 MARKET VALUE OF CHITIN and CHITOSAN Chitin/Chitosan Market Value $ per Kg Industrial Grade Chitin $40 - $110 Raw Chitosan ~ $2000 Medical Chitosan $50,000 - $120,000

33 Chitosan Application Biosensor Wound Healing

34 ECO FRIENDLY METHODS OF CHITIN EXTRACTION

35 ECO FRIENDLY METHODS OF CHITIN EXTRACTION

36 CHITIN TO CHITOSAN Yield Initial Wet Weight of Shells (kg) Initial Dry Weight of Shells (kg) *Proximate Chitin (%) Theoretical Chitin Yield (kg) Actual Chitin Yield (kg) (%) Initial Wet Weight of Chitin (kg) Initial Dry Weight of Chitin (kg) Chitosan Yield (kg) (%)

37 CHITOSAN QUALITY PARAMETERS TESTS METHODS COMPANY SPECIFICATIONS CHITOSAN Deacetylation Degree QC % to 84.0 % 77.3 % Viscosity QC mpa.s (1% chitosan in 0.1N HCl) 336 mpa.s A Heavy metals EP (Method F) 40 ppm < 40 ppm Bacterial endotoxins QC-023 < 500 EU / g < 250 EU/g Microbial enumeration QC-022 TAMC: 2000 CFU/g TYMC: 200 CFU/g < 50 CFU/g < 50 CFU/g

38 CHITIN WASTEWATER TREATMENT Total Wastewater Generated: 8000 L

39 Lessons learnt It is very important to understand the markets before getting started on new marine products. Acceptance and palatability are very important while extracting from marine based materials. Pure research at university level is very essential to fill out the large gaps between university development to commercialization. Pilot plants and infrastructure from harvest to processing and biotechnology are critical because early stage companies cannot invest therefore pilot plants can act as business accelerators. Pilot plants can help bring research to the private sector thereby minimizing risk. To maximize the market, it becomes essential to educate consumers about ingredients in biomarine based products. Generally regulatory approvals take considerably long time of 2 to 3 years so upfront research on requirements is highly essential.

High level of expertise and know-how HOW MI CAN HELP?

commercialization Assist with access to funding Act as

management with industries and other research institutes

40 High level of expertise and know-how HOW MI CAN HELP? Platform for pure and proof of concept research prior to commercialization Assist with access to funding Act as subcontractor to assist with research Successful R&D project management with industries and other research institutes Assist with design & development Taste panels, shelf life studies, new product development

41 MARINE BIOPROCESSING RESEARCH TEAM Ms. Heather Manuel Director Dr. Deepika Dave Research Scientist Mr. Wade Murphy Facility Supervisor Ms. Sheila Trenholm Laboratory Technologist Ms. Julia Pohling Marine Biotechnologist Mr. Vegneshwaran V. Ramakrishnan Marine Biotechnologist Dr. Winny Routray Post Doctoral Fellow Rakesh Raghunathan Ph.D Student Ruchira Senadheera Master Student

42 Thank you and welcome to Newfoundland

Abstract for chitosan Production. The following abstract considers the main aspects of chitosan production

Abstract for chitosan Production The following abstract considers the main aspects of chitosan production 1 INTRODUCTION Chitosan, a deacetylated derivative of chitin, is polysaccharide with an amino group,