Solar + Storage. Behind and In front of the meter. Becca Gillespie UniEnergy Technologies

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1 Solar + Storage Behind and In front of the meter Becca Gillespie UniEnergy Technologies

2 UniEnergy Technologies (UET) All Flow Batteries have these advantages, but solid state batteries do not These traits differentiate UET from other flow battery manufacturers Manufacturer of Large-Scale Utility-grade Advanced Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Systems» Long-duration (4, 6, or 8 hr)» Unlimited Cycle Life with 0-100% usable capacity and no capacity fade» Long System Lifetime (20 years)» Inherently safe» Small footprint» Utility Grade construction and Controls» Multi-MWh field Experience (13+ MWh deployed in USA) Founded in 2012 with semi-exclusive patent rights HQ in Mukilteo, WA UET s Core Functions» Design Engineering» R&D» Final Manufacturing and Test» Field services (installation and service) 2

3 Chief Drivers for Solar + Storage Behind the meter» Increased resiliency» Improved peak shaving In front of the meter» Reduced Interconnection fee» Capacity value» Energy time shifting Microgrid» Savings over baseline fuel 3

4 Solar + Storage Behind the Meter Peak Shaving Peak Shaving Applications» Demand Charge reduction» T&D deferral (related, but may have separate value in certain NWA RFP areas)» Demand Response programs (shaving a system peak) 4

5 Solar + storage behind the meter: Improved Resiliency Voltage Current ESS provides resiliency for:» ms» Seconds» Minutes» Hours (if starts full/planned/prioritized) Solar alone cannot operate without the grid and does not provide resilient operations in most cases Solar + storage is resilient for:» ms» Seconds» Minutes» Hours» Days. 5

6 Solar + Storage In front of the meter: Benefits Storage is used to control the solar to a predictable output Smoothing» Removing the noise from solar typical during cloud cover Firming» Time shift solar generation to evening or morning hours.» Meet planned production goals during the day. Ramp Control» Limit the ramp rate of the solar + storage system Generation Peak Shaving» Limit the peak output of the plant to meet interconnection requirements, e.g. 6

7 Solar + storage in Front of the Meter: Cost Example Project Economics: 10 MW PV with 2.5 MW, 10 MWh ESS Project Type Utility Use Case/ESS dispatch strategy Smooth + time Shift ITC Discount taken on ESS hardware? Yes PV Plant Nameplate Power 10 MW PV Plant Capacity Factor 17% ESS Power, Energy 2.5 MW, 10 MWh Cost of PV Energy $0.070/kWh Total Load Served 13,953 MWh/yr Assumed Required Return on Investment (ESS) 7% Project Lifetime 20 yrs Total PPA Cost for Smoothed, Clipped, Firmed PV Power $0.111/kWh Alternative Valuation: Includes Value for Capacity and Energy: Capacity Value Applied to ESS Power Capability $160 /kw-yr Total PPA cost for Firmed PV Power $0.083/kWh For this ratio, and a assumed $0.07/kWh cost of un-smoothed solar, the smoothed, clipped, time shifted solar would cost about $ If you can earn value for the ESS capacity ($160/kW-yr), the firmed, clipped smoothed PPA rate would be $0.083/kWh 7

8 System-wide applications Capacity Energy Arbitrage Load Following Ancillary Services» Freq. Regulation» Freq. Response» Spinning reserve» Voltage support» Black Start Backup power/resiliency Low-cost Energy Some capacity value Additional black start paired with storage 8

9 Renewables + storage: The big (macroeconomic) picture ~24% IFOM renewable in % Renewables by 2030» Growth of Wind» Growth of Solar» Growth of BioFuels» Growth of Hydro Source: NYISO 2017 Gold Book Source: NYISO operating Data 9

10 Power (MW) Renewables + storage: The big (macroeconomic) picture Less predictable net load and fewer dispatchable resources available to accomodate 25,000 Changing Net Load 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, Load Net Load 2017 Net Load 20% Wind

11 Power (MW) Renewables + storage: The big (macroeconomic) picture Less predictable net load and fewer dispatchable resources available to accomodate 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, Load Net Load 2017 Net Load 10% Wind, 10% solar Wind and Solar in High Wind/Solar

12 Power (MW) Renewables + storage: The big (macroeconomic) picture Less predictable net load and fewer dispatchable resources available to accomodate 25,000 Changing Net Load 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, Load Net Load 2017 Net Load 20% Wind

13 Solar + storage demand long duration, high cycles 4 hours are economic now, increased renewable penetration and cheaper solar drives 6-8 hour requirements Solar + storage is high cycle life application ideal for flow As entire grid shifts towards renewables, ES moves deeper into supply stack increasing cycling and duration requirements 13