The role of biogas in the heat transition in Germany

Transcription

1 DBFW Conference in Paris The role of biogas in the heat transition in Germany Managing Director, Fachverband Biogas e.v.

2 Main topics German Biogas Association Status Quo: Heat production by biogas plants Legal framework for heat usage New challenge: flexible energy production Best practice examples Conclusion 2

3 German Biogas Association experts over 400 honorary Steering Committee 7 members, elected for a 4-year-period Board of Trustees Elected honorary spokesmen of regional groups, working groups and advisory boards Advisory Boards, Working Groups Advisory boards of plant operators, companies, the legal profession, funders; Working groups for the areas permissions, safety, feeding-in of biogas, environment, heat, waste and fertiliser law Operators of biogas plants Providers of feedstock Research Institutions 23 Regional groups in Germany Members Interested private individuals Public authorities Lawyers Headquarters in Freising 23 employees, organised in 10 departments Berlin Office 6 employees Regional offices (North, South, East, West and Editorial Office Biogas Journal) 6 employees Companies and manufacturers Corporate finance Planners, advisers, laboratories Member of the European Bioga as Association (EBA) 3

4 Main topics German Biogas Association Status Quo: Heat production by biogas plants Legal framework for heat usage New challenge: flexible energy production Best practice examples Conclusion 5

5 Provision of heat RE 2014 Biomass 87% Biogenic solid fuels Organic waste Gas from purification plants and landfills Biogenic liquid fuels Solar thermal Biogenic gaseous fuels Geothermal Biogenic solid fuels (industry) 15,6% 15,6% biogenic solid fuels (HKW/HW) 1,7% biogenic liquid fuels 10,7% biogenic gaseous fuels Source: FNR 8,9% organic waste 5,3% solar thermal Biogenic solid fuels (households) 43,4% 8,0% geothermal, environmental heat 1,4% gas from purification plants and landfills 6

6 Number of biogas plants and installed capacity (07/2016) 2014* 2015* Forecast 2016** Number of biogas plants + (biogas plants with biomethane injection) (167) (183) (193) Installed electric capacity in MW Gross electricity production in TWh per year Households supplied with biogasbased electricity in millions 28,88 29,38 29,41 8,3 8,4 8,4 External used heat in TWh per year 26,6 27,1 27,1 Households supplied with biogasbased heat in millions 1,2 1,3 1,3 CO 2 reduction by biogas in million tons 18,7 19,0 19,1 Fachverband Biogas e.v. / German Biogas Association * Own extrapolation based on country data/data from energy supplier ** Based on a expert survey 9

7 Possibilities of biogas production 10

8 Possibilities of biogas production Heat usage mostly combined with electricity usage!! 11

9 Main topics German Biogas Association Status Quo: Heat production by biogas plants Legal framework for heat usage New challenge: flexible energy production Best practice examples Conclusion 12

10 Development of the Renewable Energy Act EEG ( ) Consistent fee for 20 years Priority connection 250 new plants a year EEG 2000 EEG 2004 Bonus for energy crops Bonus for using heat 450 new plants a year Bonus for new techniques Bonus for emission reduction Bonus for manure 1000 new plants a year EEG 2009 EEG 2012 New system New requirements on efficiency and ecology 340 new plants a year EEG 2017 EEG 2014??? 200 new plants in

11 NEW EEG 2017 (as of 1 st of January 2017) Like EEG no more bonus for energy crops and manure, biogas upgrading but no heat utilization obligation Like EEG 2012 and EEG 2014: Flexibility and direct selling as a core task (market premium, flexibility premium) Max MW gross additional plants each year Tender process for plants bigger than 150 kw Follow-up-regulation for existing plants: possible participation in the tender process (for 10 more years) Limit in the tender process New plants Existing plants Special feed-in-tariff for: small manure plants: waste fermentation plants: 14,88 ct/kwh 16,90 ct/kwh 23,14 ct/kwh 14,88 ct/kwh 14

12 Legal framework for heat usage EEG: : bonus for using heat (2-3 ct/kwh) : heat utilization obligation (60 %, 35 % external) From 2017 on: no bonus, no obligation in the tender process Heat usage is necessary for a low electricity price!! From 2017 on: Follow-up-regulation for existing plants Heating concepts are expanded MAP (market incentive program) Investment subsidies for RES heating systems EEWärmeG Newly built buildings must cover the heat demand proportionately with renewable energy 15

13 Main topics German Biogas Association Status Quo: Heat production by biogas plants Legal framework for heat usage New challenge: flexible energy production Best practice examples Conclusion 16

14 Structure of the German electricity production The electricity mix in Germany in 2015 With almost 196 Billions KWh renewable energies supplied 30,1% of the German gross electricity production and are therefore the most important energy source. Others Hydro 31,5 bi. KWh 19,3 bi. KWh 4.8% 3.0% Natural gas 59,6 bi. KWh 9.1% Hard coal 118,0 bi. KWh 18.1% Nuclear Energy 91,8 bi. KWh 14.1% Brown coal (lignite) 155,0 bi. KWh 23.8% Source: Renewable Energy Agency As of Renewable energies 195,9 bi. KWh 30,1% Photovoltaic 38,4 bi. KWh 5.9% Biomass 50,0 bi. KWh 7.7% Wind (offshore) 8,7 bi. KWh 1.3% Wind (onshore) 79,3 bi. KWh 12.2% more than 50% of the EE are fluctuating Flexibility instead of baseload. Double overbuilt Does an operator want to produce 100 kw of electricity on average, he has to install 200 kw of capacity at the plant 17

15 New role on the electricity market as problem for heating systems? Name der Veranstaltung am xx.yy.2016 in Musterstadt Important aspects for successful projects Annual heat demand Peak heat demand Seasonal heat demand Load duration curve Calculation of heat losses 1800 Length of the piping system (< 4 km) Insulation of the pipes Numbers of heat exchangers Possible Problem Heating deficit in times of CHP downtime Heat demand in kw peak load by wood chip heating facility thermal capacity biogas plant base load unused capacity Operating hours

16 Buffers and peak load boilers as solution Peak load boilers Or Long time period (seasonal demand) wood chip boilers Short time period (daily demand) gas, oil, biomethan boilers 400 Buffers for fluctuating production kw plant 500 kw plant 300 Volume heat storage in m³ % 60% 90% Used Heat 20

17 Main topics German Biogas Association Status Quo: Heat production by biogas plants Legal framework for heat usage New challenge: flexible energy production Best practice examples Conclusion 22

18 Best Practice Example: Natural Energy Glemstal Name der Veranstaltung am xx.yy.2016 in Musterstadt Natural Energy Glemstal is located in the Baden Wurttemberg. The first district heating network of Natural Energy Glemstal was put into operation in Since then the heating networks in Schwieberdingen and Hemmingen were continuously expanded. The bioenergy plant has three essential components: 1. Two regional locted biogas plants 2. Central located: Biomethan CHP, pellet boiler, wood chip boiler 3. Village heating grid Source 26

19 Best Practice Example: Natural Energy Glemstal Name der Veranstaltung am xx.yy.2016 in Musterstadt Technical details Electricity production: kwh of electricity is generated annually Two regional plants kwh One biomethan chp central located Heat production: kwh of heat is generated anually Biogas chp plant 1 Biogas chp plant 2 Central biomethan chp Wood boiler Pellet boiler Natural gas boiler Source 27

20 Best Practice Example: Natural Energy Glemstal Source 28

21 Best Practice Example: Natural Energy Glemstal Source 29

22 Conclusions Germany is a frontrunner in renewables Biogas is as an all-rounder and a key in the energy mix (reduction of emissions, flexible electricity production, heat/cold, biomethane, fertiliser) Main trends in Germany: 1. Feedstock: manure/waste - no energy crops 2. Flexibility: balancing the fluctuating power generation Biomass as important pillar of the Wärmewende (Heat turnaround) Flexible electricity production as challenge for heat production Buffers and peak load boilers as possible solutions Many positive best-practice examples 30

23 BIOGAS Conference & Trade Fair / Hannover parallel to EnergyDecentral Biogas Basics! Know-How Transfer! International Panel on Development & Emerging Countries! Best practise on waste digestion and exotic feedstock! 31

24 Thank you for your attention! Contact Details Managing Director +49 (0)