ENERGY WORKFORCE DEMAND

Transcription

1 NOVEMBER 2015 Center for Energy Workforce Development ENERGY WORKFORCE DEMAND NATION

2 Center for Energy Workforce Development ENERGY WORKFORCE DEMAND NATION TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 Summary: National Energy Workforce overview for Electric and Natural Gas Utilities 7 State-Level Occupation Data 25 About This Report 27 Appendix: Occupation and Industry Definitions This report is designed to exhibit data on the present and future demand for specific energy occupations within private sector electric and natural gas utility industries for all CEWD regions in the United States.* The goal of this report is to provide stakeholders with critical information on energy workforce characteristics, which can be used for planning efforts and as a benchmark for future studies on the region, as well as a comparison against other regions. It is important to note that this report does not contain data on utilities industries that are public owned or operated. The report provides an overview of employment for select energy industries, broken out by CEWD regions, considering historic, current and future circumstances. This is followed by a regional breakdown of employment by occupations typically associated with the Energy sector. Energy occupations by field were identified by the Center for Energy Workforce Development and EMSI.* * Please refer to the appendix for the descriptions of the electric and natural gas utility industries and standard occupation classifications included in this report. DATA SOURCES PREPARED FOR Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW); Regional Economic Information System (REIS); State data compiled from various State agencies (see regional reports for further detail). The Center for Energy Workforce Development REGION DEFINITION United States

3 SUMMARY National Energy Workforce overview for Electric and Natural Gas Utilities HISTORICAL INDUSTRY OVERVIEW The following graphs display energy sector jobs in 2014 with their percent of national employment, and the regional and national job change from 2009 to In 2012, the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) reclassified much of the employment contained in various electric power generation industries, specifically Other electric power generation (NAICS ) was deleted and subdivided into multiple new categories including Solar electric power generation (NAICS ); Wind electric power generation (NAICS ); Geothermal electric power generation (221116); Biomass electric power generation (NAICS ); and Other electric power generation (NAICS ). Since our reporting time frame covers this reclassification event, the job numbers reflect the shift accordingly. One must therefore, not overly scrutinize individual industries affected by the reclassification but rather look to the overall energy sector job change total as an indicator of job growth or decline. Energy Industry Jobs, % Job Change Jobs National % Thousands Hydroelectric Generation Fossil Fuel Generation Nuclear Generation Solar Generation Wind Generation Geothermal Generation Biomass Generation Other Electric Generation Electric Bulk Transmission Electric Distribution Natural Gas Distribution 100% 75% 50% 25% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% WORKFORCE DEMAND NATION 1

4 Our analysis of the energy sector across the United States shows a total of 519,263 jobs for Between 2009 and 2014 the industry as a whole decreased by 10,519 jobs, a decline of 2%. By region, only the Northwest and the South experienced any employment growth over the past five years (see regional reports for more detail). Due to large-scale changes in industry classifications it is difficult to determine precisely which industries had the greatest influence. It can easily be derived from the following line chart that some employees who had previously been classified in Hydroelectric Power Generation and Fossil Fuel Generation have been reclassified in the Electric Power Distribution category. The same phenomenon is apparent in several of the regional CEWD reports. Aside from these three industries, there were minor employment declines in Electric Bulk Power Transmission (-6% change) and Nuclear Electric Power Transmission (-7% change). Also, the alternative energy sectors, which are the combination of Solar, Wind, Geothermal and Biomass industries, experienced a slight decrease in employment (-14% change). Looking forward from 2014 to 2019, the private sector energy industry is projected to decline marginally losing 6,929 jobs, which is equivalent to a 1% decrease. Individual industries that are projected to experience growth include Electric Power Distribution, Nuclear Electric Power Generation, and Geothermal Electric Power Generation. National Electrical and Natural Gas Utilities, All Jobs by Energy Field NAICS Energy Field 2014 National Jobs National Change Hydroelectric Power Generation 6,826-31, Jobs 2009 Jobs 2014 Jobs 2019 Jobs 2024 Jobs 250, Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation 98,951-39, Nuclear Electric Power Generation 49,463-3, , Solar Electric Power Generation 1, Wind Electric Power Generation 3, , Geothermal Electric Power Generation 1, Biomass Electric Power Generation 1, Other Electric Power Generation 1,653-10, , Electric Bulk Power Transmission/Control 25,116-1, Electric Power Distribution 211,540 62,622 50, Natural Gas Distribution 117,264 4,836 Total 519,263-10,519 0 ENERGY FIELD REGIONAL GROWTH PROJECTIONS Growth projections are designed to portray EMSI s best approximation of the future state of all private sector jobs energy jobs in the region. The following table shows the projected employment growth across all eleven energy sectors for the nation. The categories include: 2014 Jobs or the total number of private sector energy workers in 2014; Growth or the number of new jobs projected to be created between 2014 and 2019; WORKFORCE DEMAND NATION 2

5 % Growth ; Annual Job Growth or the average annual growth over the five year period; Projected Attrition & Retirements and Projected Attrition & Retirements or the projected annual job turnover/openings for the sector for the respective five or ten year period; and Median Annual Earnings or the median average earnings per worker.* Nation, Electrical and Natural Gas Utilities, All Jobs by Energy Field NAICS Title 2014 Jobs Growth % Growth Average Annual Net Job Change Projected Attrition & Retirement Openings Projected Attrition & Retirement Openings Median Annual Earnings Hydroelectric Power Generation 6,826-5,387-79% -1,077 2,680 3,508 $55, Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation 98,951-17,548-18% -3,510 38,852 50,846 $59, Nuclear Electric Power Generation 49, % ,421 25,417 $59, Solar Electric Power Generation 1, % $55, Wind Electric Power Generation 3, % -73 1,526 1,998 $54, Geothermal Electric Power Generation 1, % $57, Biomass Electric Power Generation 1, % $55, Other Electric Power Generation 1, % $48, Electric Bulk Power Transmission/Control 25, % -58 9,861 12,906 $59, Electric Power Distribution 211,540 19,406 9% 3,881 83, ,700 $58, Natural Gas Distribution 117,264-3,777-3% ,043 60,256 $52,645 Total 519,263-6,929-1% -1, , ,823 $57,299 KEY OCCUPATIONS IN THE NATION The following table shows the number of workers that were employed in occupations typically associated with the Energy field in 2009 and 2014, along with projected employment in 2019 and The columns of data progressively list jobs, job change, and percent change from either 2009 or The associated projected attritions and retirements occurring over the same 5 to ten year period are listed next. Finally, Median Annual Earnings indicates the average median wages across all occupations in the respective industry. Standard Occupation Classification (SOC) employment data is provided by total number of jobs and projected jobs in the region spanning the years 2009, 2014, 2019 and Additionally, projected attrition & retirements rates are applied to show the amount of open positions over the next ten years. Employment numbers are reported as of quarter 2 of * Projected attrition and retirements rates are taken from CEWD s energy industry survey results. WORKFORCE DEMAND NATION 3

6 Nation, Electrical and Natural Gas Utilities, Key Occupation Employment* SOC Code Description 2009 Jobs Change %Change 2014 Jobs 2019 Jobs Change %Change 2024 Jobs Change %Change Projected Attrition & Retirements Projected Attrition & Retirements Median Annual Earnings Lineworkers 75, % 75,810 77,832 2, % 79,368 3, % 22,328 31,033 $63, First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, & repairers Electrical power-line installers and repairers 16, % 15,905 15, % 15, % 4,684 6,511 $60,497 58, % 59,905 62,279 2, % 64,136 4, % 17,643 24,522 $64,156 Plant/Field Operators 44,432-1, % 42,662 41, % 41,024-1, % 15,758 20,967 $68, Nuclear power reactor operators 6, % 6,298 6, % 6, % 2,326 3,095 $78, Power plant operators 31,069-1, % 29,125 28, % 27,372-1, % 10,758 14,314 $68, Gas plant operators 7, % 7,239 6, % 6, % 2,674 3,558 $63,690 Technicians 77, % 77,779 78, % 78,884 1, % 27,941 36,253 $57, Electrical & Electronics Engineering Technicians 7, % 6,926 6, % 6, % 2,488 3,228 $58, Nuclear technicians 3, % 4,226 4, % 4, % 1,518 1,970 $72, Electricians 7, % 7,181 6, % 6, % 2,580 3,347 $47, Pipelayers % % % $31, Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters Helpers, pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door 6, % 6,795 6, % 6, % 2,441 3,167 $46, % % % $27,256 15, % 15,774 16, % 16, % 5,666 7,352 $69,722 16, % 16,605 16, % 15, % 5,965 7,740 $52, Industrial machinery mechanics 9, % 9,575 10, % 10, % 3,440 4,463 $46, Millwrights % % % $50, Machinists % % % $39, Welders, cutters, solderers, & brazers 2, % 2,235 2, % 2, % 803 1,042 $36, Power Distributors & Dispatchers 6, % 6,796 6, % 7, % 2,441 3,168 $75,088 Engineers 34, % 34,150 34, % 35,438 1, % 12,255 17,869 $93, Engineering managers 4, % 3,984 3, % 3, % 1,430 2,085 $127, Chemical engineers % % % $95, Civil engineers 1, % 1,796 1, % 1, % $77, Electrical engineers 17, % 18,250 19, % 19,833 1, % 6,549 9,549 $88, Environmental engineers % % % $82, Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers & inspectors % % % $78, Mechanical engineers 1, % 1,531 1, % 1, % $81, Nuclear engineers 6, % 6,840 6, % 7, % 2,455 3,579 $92,953 Total - All Occupations 231,434-1, % 230, ,821 2, % 234,714 4, % 78, ,121 $66,688 * Job numbers by employment category may not equal total Key Occupation Employment for each region, due to rounding. WORKFORCE DEMAND NATION 4

7 ABOUT This Report This report was produced in collaboration between the Center for Energy Workforce Development (CEWD) and Economic Modeling Specialists, Inc. (EMSI). REGION DEFINITIONS Mid-Atlantic Midwest Northeast Northwest South Southeast West Delaware Illinois Connecticut Alaska Arkansas Alabama Arizona Maryland Indiana Maine Idaho Louisiana Florida California Pennsylvania Iowa Massachusetts Montana Oklahoma Georgia Colorado Virginia Kansas New Hampshire Oregon Texas Kentucky Hawaii West Virginia Michigan New Jersey Washington Mississippi Nevada Washington, D.C. Minnesota New York Wyoming North Carolina New Mexico Missouri Rhode Island South Carolina Utah Nebraska Vermont Tennessee North Dakota Ohio South Dakota Wisconsin ABOUT CEWD Formed in March 2006, the Center for Energy Workforce Development (CEWD) is a nonprofit consortium of electric, natural gas, and nuclear utilities and their associations Edison Electric Institute, American Gas Association, Nuclear Energy Institute, and National Rural Electric Cooperative Association. CEWD was formed to help utilities work together to develop solutions to the coming workforce shortage in the utility industry. It is the first partnership between utilities, their associations, contractors and unions to focus on the need to build a skilled workforce pipeline that will meet future industry needs. Our mission is to build the alliances, processes, and tools to develop tomorrow s energy workforce. For more information about CEWD, visit us at or call us at ABOUT EMSI Economic Modeling Specialists International (EMSI), a CareerBuilder company, is a leading provider of economic impact studies, labor market data, data-driven reports, and custom consulting services to educational institutions, workforce planners, economic development WORKFORCE DEMAND NATION 5

8 professionals, and private industry in North America and the UK. EMSI specializes in detailed information about regional economies for assessment and planning purposes, bringing together industry, workforce, economic development, and education/training perspectives. EMSI s expertise is centered on regional economics, data integration and analysis, programming, and design so that it can provide the best available products and services for regional decision makers. EMSI s understands that a skilled, well-prepared workforce drives economic prosperity. The successful development of that workforce requires the right training, recruiting, hiring, and planning. These activities are largely dependent on our ability to process data that illuminates many facets of employment and human capital so that we can make better decisions. EMSI is here to provide that data. For more information about EMSI, visit us at or call us toll- free at WORKFORCE DEMAND NATION 6

9 APPENDIX Industry & Occupation Definitions NORTH AMERICAN INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM Industry descriptions are taken from the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) website.* The NAICS codes listed below are those requested by CEWD for this report. Hydroelectric Energy (NAICS ) This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating hydroelectric power generation facilities. These facilities use water power to drive a turbine and produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems. Fossil Fuel Energy (NAICS ) TThis U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating fossil fuel powered electric power generation facilities. These facilities use fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, or gas, in internal combustion or combustion turbine conventional steam process to produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems. Nuclear Energy (NAICS ) This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating nuclear electric power generation facilities. These facilities use nuclear power to produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems. Solar Electric Power Generation (NAICS ) This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating solar electric power generation facilities. These facilities use energy from the sun to produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems. Wind Electric Power Generation (221115) This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating wind electric power generation facilities. These facilities use wind power to drive a turbine and produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems. * U.S. Census Bureau, North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). (accessed April 26, 2012). WORKFORCE DEMAND NATION 7

10 Geothermal Electric Power Generation (NAICS ) This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating geothermal electric power generation facilities. These facilities use heat derived from the Earth to produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems. Biomass Electric Power Generation (NAICS ) This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating biomass electric power generation facilities. These facilities use biomass (e.g., wood, waste, alcohol fuels) to produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems. Other Electric Power Generation (NAICS ) This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating electric power generation facilities (except hydroelectric, fossil fuel, nuclear, solar, wind, geothermal, biomass). These facilities convert other forms of energy, such as tidal power, into electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems. For example, this industry could include tidal electric power generation. Electric Bulk Transmission & Control (NAICS ) This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating electric power transmission systems and/or controlling (i.e., regulatory voltage) the transmission of electricity from the generating source to distribution centers or other electric utilities. The transmission system includes lines and transformer stations. Electric Power Distribution (NAICS ) This U.S. industry comprises electric power establishments primarily engaged in either (1) operating electric power distribution systems (i.e., consisting of lines, poles, meters, and wiring) or (2) operating as electric power brokers or agents that arrange the sale of electricity via power distribution systems operated by others. Natural Gas Distribution (NAICS ) This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily engaged in operating gas distribution systems (e.g., mains, meters); (2) establishments known as gas marketers that buy gas from the well and sell it to a distribution system; (3) establishments known as gas brokers or agents that arrange the sale of gas over gas distribution systems operated by others; and (4) establishments primarily engaged in transmitting and distributing gas to final consumers. STANDARD OCCUPATION CLASSIFICATIONS Standard Occupation Classification (SOC) employment codes are taken from the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.* The SOCs listed below are those requested by CEWD for this report. * U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, (accessed April 26, 2012). WORKFORCE DEMAND NATION 8

11 LINEWORKERS: First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of mechanics, installers, and repairers. Excludes team or work leaders Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers Install or repair cables or wires used in electrical power or distribution systems. May erect poles and light or heavy-duty transmission towers. Excludes Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay ( ). PLANT/FIELD OPERATORS: Nuclear Power Reactor Operators Operate or control nuclear reactors. Move control rods, start and stop equipment, monitor and adjust controls, and record data in logs. Implement emergency procedures when needed. May respond to abnormalities, determine cause, and recommend corrective action Power Plant Operators Control, operate, or maintain machinery to generate electric power. Includes auxiliary equipment operators. Excludes Nuclear Power Reactor Operators ( ) Gas Plant Operators Distribute or process gas for utility companies and others by controlling compressors to maintain specified pressures on main pipelines. TECHNICIANS: Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians Apply electrical and electronic theory and related knowledge, usually under the direction of engineering staff, to design, build, repair, calibrate, and modify electrical components, circuitry, controls, and machinery for subsequent evaluation and use by engineering staff in making engineering design decisions. Excludes Broadcast Technicians ( ) Nuclear Technicians Assist nuclear physicists, nuclear engineers, or other scientists in laboratory or production activities. May operate, maintain, or provide quality control for nuclear testing and research equipment. May monitor radiation Electricians Install, maintain, and repair electrical wiring, equipment, and fixtures. Ensure that work is in accordance with relevant codes. May install or service street lights, intercom systems, or electrical control systems. Excludes Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers ( ) Pipelayers Lay pipe for storm or sanitation sewers, drains, and water mains. Perform any combination of the following tasks: grade trenches or culverts, position pipe, or seal joints. Excludes Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers ( ) Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters Assemble, install, alter, and repair pipelines or pipe systems that carry water, steam, air, or other liquids or gases. May install heating and cooling equipment and mechanical control systems. Includes sprinklerfitters. WORKFORCE DEMAND NATION 9

12 Helpers Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters Help plumbers, pipefitters, steamfitters, or pipelayers by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using, supplying or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment. Construction laborers who do not primarily assist plumbers, pipefitters, steamfitters, or pipelayers are classified under Construction Laborers ( ). Apprentice workers are classified with the appropriate skilled construction trade occupation ( through ) Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay Inspect, test, repair, or maintain electrical equipment in generating stations, substations, and in-service relays Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door Install, repair, and maintain mechanical regulating and controlling devices, such as electric meters, gas regulators, thermostats, safety and flow valves, and other mechanical governors Industrial Machinery Mechanics Repair, install, adjust, or maintain industrial production and processing machinery or refinery and pipeline distribution systems. Excludes Millwrights ( ), Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines ( ), and Maintenance Workers, Machinery ( ) Millwrights Install, dismantle, or move machinery and heavy equipment according to layout plans, blueprints, or other drawings Machinists Set up and operate a variety of machine tools to produce precision parts and instruments. Includes precision instrument makers who fabricate, modify, or repair mechanical instruments. May also fabricate and modify parts to make or repair machine tools or maintain industrial machines, applying knowledge of mechanics, mathematics, metal properties, layout, and machining procedures Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers Use hand-welding, flame-cutting, hand-soldering, or brazing equipment to weld or join metal components or to fill holes, indentations, or seams of fabricated metal products Power Distributors and Dispatchers Coordinate, regulate, or distribute electricity or steam. ENGINEERS: Architectural and Engineering Managers Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as architecture and engineering or research and development in these fields. Excludes Natural Sciences Managers ( ) Chemical Engineers Design chemical plant equipment and devise processes for manufacturing chemicals and products, such as gasoline, synthetic rubber, plastics, detergents, cement, paper, and pulp, by applying principles and technology of chemistry, physics, and engineering. WORKFORCE DEMAND NATION 10

13 Civil Engineers Perform engineering duties in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of building structures, and facilities, such as roads, railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, channels, dams, irrigation projects, pipelines, power plants, and water and sewage systems. Includes architectural, structural, traffic, ocean, and geo-technical engineers. Excludes Hydrologists ( ) Electrical Engineers Research, design, develop, test, or supervise the manufacturing and installation of electrical equipment, components, or systems for commercial, industrial, military, or scientific use. Excludes Computer Hardware Engineers ( ) Environmental Engineers Research, design, plan, or perform engineering duties in the prevention, control, and remediation of environmental hazards using various engineering disciplines. Work may include waste treatment, site remediation, or pollution control technology Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors Promote worksite or product safety by applying knowledge of industrial processes, mechanics, chemistry, psychology, and industrial health and safety laws. Includes industrial product safety engineers Mechanical Engineers Perform engineering duties in planning and designing tools, engines, machines, and other mechanically functioning equipment. Oversee installation, operation, maintenance, and repair of equipment such as centralized heat, gas, water, and steam systems Nuclear Engineers Conduct research on nuclear engineering projects or apply principles and theory of nuclear science to problems concerned with release, control, and use of nuclear energy and nuclear waste disposal. WORKFORCE DEMAND NATION 11

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