The Ecological Power of Green Refrigerants

Transcription

1 The Ecological Power of Green Refrigerants Sanjay Goyal 6 th October, 2017 Daikin Air-conditioning India Pvt. Ltd Broad Key Environment Concerns Ozone depletion Global Warming

2 Key Environment Concerns Ozone layer had been damaged by Chlorine base ref. CC & HCC Chlorine free alternative refrigerant (HC) was introduced Expansion of ozone hole has stopped Global warming has been highlighted as the critical environmental issue Key Environment Concerns In 100 years, earth s mean surface temperature has increased by 0.99 Deg C It is expected to continue this tendency

3 Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important heattrapping (greenhouse) gas, which is released through human activities such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels, as well as natural processes such as respiration and volcanic eruptions Since 2005 Co2 levels has been increased from ppm to PPM in 2017 Key Environment Concerns Effects of Global Warming & Co2 Emissions

4 Properties of various refrigerants Composition Ozone depletion potential (ODP) Global warming potential (GWP) Vol. Cooling Capacity Theoretical COP P cond (Mpa) R22 Single HC Non-HC R410A (R32+ R125) Azeotrope- Like R32 Single Propane (R290) CO2 (R744 ) Single 0 < Single R1234yf Single HCs will be phased down Changes are Coming Drivers: Montreal Protocol Amendment and coming phase-down framework EPA SNAP Program / Climate Action Plan -gas regulations in Europe Canada HC activities California HC proposals Kigali HC Proposals High GWP HCs will be phased down as per the decided and agreed timeline

5 HCC Phase out and HC phase down -India Under HPMP Program, HCC22, or R22, is one of main stream refrigerants for air conditioners. R22 must be phased out due to its ODP and converted to substances with zero ODP. Likewise Under HC phase down Program, R410A has also to be phased down, High GWP HC (Ex R410A) Phase down in Developing Country Therefore When making choice for alternative to R22 & R410A,various aspects must be taken into account. (See Next slide for details) Next Generation refrigerant- Screening Critical actors to be considered for the Alternative Refrigerant Energy Resources Peak Load Affordability Ozone Protection Climate Change Safety Natural Resources CC Phase-out High Efficiency Lower GWP High COP No/Low lammable Low Toxic Compact/Light Regulation Efficient Use Reduced Charge Patent Downsizing HCC Phase-out Market Penetration Low Emissions Recycle Easy Installation & Maintenance Next Generation refrigerants

6 Properties -R32 Composition Ozone depletion potential (ODP) Global warming potential (GWP) Vol. Cooling Capacity Theoretical COP P cond (Mpa) R22 Single HC Non-HC R410A (R32+ R125) Azeotrope- Like R32 Single Propane (R290) CO2 (R744 ) Single 0 < Single R1234yf Single What is R32? R22 R32 R410A R125 Refrigerants ODP GWP (IPCC4) H R32 C Cl H H C H C H C C H lammability (ASHRAE34) L Atoms Advantage Disadvantage Cl H Good Solubility with Mineral Oil Anti-Combustible Lower GWP High Performance Ozone Depletion Higher GWP Combustible

7 History of R32 Total Assessment of Refrigerant R32 is the most balanced refrigerant and can reduce GWP by 75% Ozone Economy Ozone LCCP Economy LCCP Economy 1 Energy efficiency Safety 2 Ozone R22 1 Energy efficiency Safety 2 Energy efficiency Safety R410A R32 1 LCCP Life Cycle Climate Performance Characteristics of HC32 Zero Ozone Depletion Potential Superior Energy Efficiency (10% better than HC22) Small Global Warming Impact (LCCP) Small Conversion Cost (almost same as conversion to R410A) Acceptably Mild lammable Successful risk assessment done in Japan & Safer in Use. Supply capability is sufficient LCCP 1

8 CO2 emission potential of R32 vs. R410A GWP Charged amount GWP x Quantity 2088 x = 100% % % 472 GWP Values according to IPCC 4th Assessment Report or the EU gas regulation the GWP values of IPCC 3rd report are valid (R410A = 1975, R32 = 650) Comparison for EER Relative EER (vs R410A at 35 %) 110% 105% 100% 95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% 50% 7% 5% Same Capacity at 35 Outdoor temp. *Residential split system Indoor : DB/WB = 27 / kW System R32 R410A 4.0kW System R32 R32/HO1234ze( E) blend (70:30) Outdoor temp.( ) Comparison of R32 and R32/HO blend vs R410A at the same capacity by Daikin 16

9 Energy efficiency and Total Emissions 1.SEER Comparison (cooling mode) HPs (Reversible)- 3.5kW-Room AC 3.Total Emissions (LCCP comparison) LCCP:Life Cycle Climate Potential R22 Total Emissions = (1) Indirect Emissions + (2) Direct Emissions + (3) Emissions During Refrigerant Production R410A R32 High SEER R22 R410A Efficiency ratio 2.Peak power comparison under cooling condition Outside 35, room 27 R32 Low Impact R22 R410A Low Peak Power R32 Power ratio (Kg-CO2) R32 is the best solution for global environment. (Precondition for Calculation) *1 Taking low pressure loss into consideration, narrower HEX was used to reduce charge volume. *2 To improve efficiency, HEX size was increased : Indoor HEX x 1,1 + Path x 2, Outdoor HEX x 1.2, and connecting pipe increased from 3/8=> 5/8 *3 To meet IEC requirements, charge volume was reduced: Indoor HEX x 0.8, Outdoor HEX x 0.5, narrower piping was used. *4 To Improve efficiency: Outdoor unit HEX was increased x 1.1 (HEX= Heat Exchanger) lammability assessment In Japan, R32 is regarded as non-flammable and inert. Concentration condition (Upper & Lower Concentration limits) Lower limit Upper limit R32 combustion concentration 13.3% 29.3% It implies the lack of chances combustion in ordinary working condition of human being because of oxygen deficiency *According to general high pressure gas safety regulation CERI + Kayak Japan ( 11) Ignition Energy (Value for minimum energy with which the gas may ignite) Min. ignition energy (Unit; mj) R (rom DuPont June 2010 AIChE article report) Notes With static electricity or electronic lighters (energy: several mj), minimum ignition energy is not attained

10 lammability assessment (ASHRAE 34) lammable ASHRAE34 Non-flammable Slightly flammable lammable Highly flammable *ASHRAE 34 Safety level A1 A2L A2 A3 R32 is classified A2L. Commonly used refrigerant such as NH3 and R1234yf are in the same category. 19 Main Standards related Refrigerant Received the information from the ISO central office (Jan 13,2014) that ISO5149-1, 2, 3 are all approved. ield International Europe US (affects ME&A) Refrigerant Classification ISO817DIS approved(2014) -NA- (based on ISO) ASHRAE 34 UL 2182 ISO5149DIS EN378 ASHRAE 15 Usage Restriction for Safety IEC Under revision EN UL 207 UL 250 UL 471 UL 474 UL 484 UL 984 UL 1995 UL The standard of many countries is referring to ISO or has quoted ISO ex. Japan(KHK), China(GB standard), Australia, Asian countries are also gazing at the trend of Japan, China, etc.

11 R32 Progress Globally Launch of R32 AC s Globally Japan, 2012 Europe, 2013 (40 countries)

12 Progress in Japan All Brands Launch date by Company All RA RA kW Press Release Launched 2014 Light Commercial 2014 RA kW 2014 RA kW 2014 RA kW 2013/ 2014 RA kW RA kW Promotion of R32 Products by manufacturers

13 JP: 3 companies CN: 1 companies R32 Units Penetration (Residential AC) More than 1.7 million units are being sold and installed in India so far Globally 27 million R32 RAC units has been sold in 51 countries (estimation) M o r e t han 40million*1 tons of CO2 could b e reduced ( estima tion ) *1 In case of 1.3kg (including extra charging when installation) of refrigerant charge. Refrigerant charge volume reduction and improvement of Energy Efficiency derived from R32 use are not considered. * Estimated by Daikin (Based on press release or catalog information) Europe JP 4 companies CN 1 companies EU 2 companies India Turkey Saudi/UAE/Oman JP: 1 company JP: 1 company Malaysia JP: 1 company Singapore JP: 1 company Russia JP: 1 company Taiwan JP: 2 company TW: 1 company Vietnam JP: 3 companies Japan Philippine JP: 8 companies JP: 2 companies Phil: 1 company Mexico JP: 1 company Canada JP: 1 company(ptac) Thailand JP: 4 companies TH: 7 companies KR: 1 companies CN: 1 companies US: 1 companies USA KR: 1 company (Window) US: 1 company (Window) JP: 1 company (PTAC) Indonesia JP: 3 companies Australia/New Zealand JP: 4 companies CN: 2 companies EU: 1 company 25 Progress in India Other Brands Daikin launched R32 Ac s in Residential (2013) and light commercial category (2016) ETA General has launched eco-friendly R-32 refrigerant for its 3 star-rated range in India in 2014 LG has launched one model of1.5 TR Inverter Model in India in 2015 Mitsubishi Electric has launched models in 3 star and 5 star category Bluestar launched R32 models in Residential category Other major brands are also planning to launch R32 RAC s. 26

14 R32 Compressor Manufacturers (UNEP Technology Road show) 27 Reference Site - India Residential Project <R32> 28

15 Reference Site - Global Residential Project <R32> Daikin s Policy

16 Daikin Patent Policy On 10 September 2015, Daikin announced it is offering worldwide free access to 93 patents for the use of HC-32 in air conditioning, heat pump and refrigeration equipment Already in 2011, Daikin had offered these patents to industries in emerging markets who wanted to accelerate their phase-out of ozone-depleting refrigerants. Given the urgent need to address climate change, Daikin believes that it is the right time to extend free access to these 93 HC-32 equipment patents to manufacturers worldwide The air conditioners manufactured in India can be sold in India or can be exported to any countries Manufacturer can REELY buy R32 from open market (Indian supplier or from abroad). Manufacturer can REELY buy required materials, parts etc from open market in India or abroad. It is not binding to buy such materials or parts from any affiliates/ subsidiaries of DIL. DIL has developed 2 number of Improvement Patents registered in India which shall be available only on EE basis but the patents correspond to very special technical features and DIL itself does not use the technology. Press Release 10 th September, Daikin s Refrigerant Direction

17 Green is more than a temporary strategy at Daikin. It is embedded in our consistent philosophy to achieve more together. Our usion 20 strategic management plan is also attuned to our movement to help turn the world greener. Together. In vision and action.