The Effects of Salinity and Inundation on Lycium carolinianum, the Carolina Wolfberry

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1 The Effects of Salinity and Inundation on Lycium carolinianum, the Carolina Wolfberry A PROPOSAL! Rachel E. Butzler, MS candidate Advisor: Dr. Steve Davis Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences Texas A&M University

2 Estuarine marshes Unique balance of freshwater inflow and tidal flushing of saltwater Plants and animals adapted to certain salinity range Salinity levels, along with temperature and DO, vary seasonally and annually

3 Factors Affecting Water Levels and Water Quality Seasonal variability Rising sea level Subsidence Reduced freshwater input Water diversions

4 Aransas National Wildlife Refuge Guadalupe Estuary 7,000 ac of saltwater and 1500 ac freshwater wetlands Wintering grounds for Whooping Crane Patchy mixed marsh community Proposed water diversion Potential impacts of freshwater diversion (GBRA, SARA, SAWS)

5 Seasonal variability at ANWR Spring 2003 Fall 2003

6 THE WOLFBERRY Solanaceae Lycium carolinianum Food source for Whooping Cranes on wintering grounds Borders of or in salt and brackish marshes At or just above the high tide level of the coasts of FL, GA, and TX

7

8 Previous research Significant and extended increases in salinity shift in composition, reduce species and biomass Flooding, salinity, and competition all important in plant zonation but a function of elevation Increased inundation decreased density and biomass of certain species Nueces estuary Increased precipitation extended growing season of wolfberry

9 Study Objectives Determine which environmental variables help explain variation in vegetation communities Determine spatial and temporal distribution of L. carolinianum Determine L. carolinianum response to various environmental conditions

10 Sampling locations Boat Ramp Pump Canal Sundown Bay

11 Sampling strategy Three sites Vegetation transect Surveying Wolfberry plots

12 Vegetation transects How do plant communities vary along the estuarine gradient and w/in territories? Which factors are important on plant zonation? Duplicate transects Every 50m, duplicate 0.25m 2 quadrats Harvest live aboveground biomass Dry and weigh according to species Duplicate soil cores Wolfberry measurements

13 Surveying How important is elevation in determining vegetation distribution? Measure elevation at distinct plant communities Record vegetation in immediate area of shot Elevation range for vegetation communities

14 Wolfberry Plots How does productivity vary spatially and temporally? 3 x 1m 2 plots Species composition Wolfberry plants tagged for monitoring Extensive wolfberry measurements Monthly measurements Salinity measurements

15 Greenhouse Study How do inundation and salinity levels affect the survival and growth of Lycium carolinianum? Wolfberry seedlings obtained from nursery Three inundations -10cm, 0, and +10cm Three salinities 5 ppt, 15ppt, and 30ppt Duration Measurements Twice weekly measurements Mortality counts

16 Conclusions Develop an understanding on the effect of seasonal fluctuations on freshwater inflow on vegetative communities at ANWR Increase knowledge and understanding of L. carolinianum Findings applicable in other estuarine watersheds that are facing the same increases in fresh water need

17 Works cited Dunton, K.H., B. Hardegree, and T.E. Whitledge Response of Estuarine Marsh Vegetation to Interannual Variations in Precipitation. Estuaries 24: Godfrey. R.K. and J.W.Wooten Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern United States. The University of Georgia Press. Gough, L. and J. B. Grace Effects of flooding, salinity, and herbivory on coastal plant communities, Louisiana, United States. Oecologia 117: Hellings, S. E., and J.L. Gallagher The effects of salinity and flooding on Phragmites australis. Journal of Applied Ecology 29: Howard, R. J. and I. A. Mendelssohn Structure and composition of oligohaline marsh plant communities exposed to salinity pulses. Aquatic Botany 68: McKee, K. L. and I. A. Mendelssohn Response of a Freshwater Marsh Plant Community to Increased Salinity and Increased Water Level. Aquatic Botany 34:

18 Acknowledgements Special thanks to Dr. Davis for advising, T. Hart, P. Krawczel, K. Millenbach, WFSC 689 fall 03, M. Romigh, K. Crumpler, and B. Allison. This project is funded by GBRA, SAWS, and SARA. Additional support was received from a Texas Water Resources Institute Mills Scholarship.

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