Aquaculture as source of marine compounds for cosmetics

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1 Aquaculture as source of marine compounds for cosmetics M.Doimi (*) (*) D&D Consulting s.a.s., Via, Montenero 90, Mestre-Venice Italy

2 What is aquaculture? Aquaculture, also known as aquafarming, is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic plants.

3 Situation

4 Blue Cosmetics Aquaculture and Cosmetics? Many living organisms can be farmed For massive production of mud sediments, mangroves, salt marshes, seagrass clam shell and etc.

5 WHY acquaculture? Preserving the environment from overfishing Optimizating of production cost Quality and its certification (organic or CO2) Optimization and amplification of the active compounds to be extracted

Lagoon aquaculture for cosmetics biodiversity strongly autotrophic these ecosystems have an interintra species competitiveness so there is a biochemical solution of defense There is an important

6 Lagoon aquaculture for cosmetics biodiversity strongly autotrophic these ecosystems have an interintra species competitiveness so there is a biochemical solution of defense There is an important Carbon sink the remaining excess production of mangrove forests, salt-marshes and seagrass meadows is buried in the sediments, where it can remain stored over millenary time scales thereby representing a strong natural carbon sink

Study areas : an Italian brackish lagoon

7 Study areas : an Italian brackish lagoon Venice lagoon area: 1000 ha the average temperature ranges between 5-6 C in winter and more than 30 C in summer ph varies between 7 and 8.5 units, and the salinity has a strong interannual variability, reaching an average between 20 and 35

Study areas : an Italian brackish lagoon average depth: 1 meter the biogeochemical cycle of the macro- and micronutrients between the sediments and the water column is fast the productive layer is in

8 Study areas : an Italian brackish lagoon average depth: 1 meter the biogeochemical cycle of the macro- and micronutrients between the sediments and the water column is fast the productive layer is in direct contact with the most active decomposers this process, together with the nutrient load from its watershed, the sea and the internal load of the sediments, may explain why this brackish lagoon seaweed and phytozooplancton biomass production is higher than in other places

9 How the Italian valle da pesca works Sustainable and organic fish and seaweed aquaculture Sphaerococcus the productive layer is in direct contact with the most active decomposers OVERWINTER one Spyrogyra FISH AND SEAWEED GROWING WATER INLET Enteromorpha Ulva FISH CATCH 1. The production is season limited (summer) 2. High quantity but variable 3. High quality and certified 4. Only production ; the product needs more preparation

10 Italian valle da pesca and CO2 sink average depth 1 meter phytoplancton

11 Italian valle da pesca and CO2 sink average depth 1 meter All the seaweed production can be labelled as organic (BIO) and CO2 All the active compounds can benefit All the following chain can be carbonfootprinted for the economic carbon trade ($$$)

12 Study areas : Bora a tropical lagoon French Polynesia BORA BORA lagoon Study area: 100 ha the average temperature ranges between 25 C to 30 C in summer ph is stable to 8.7 units, and the salinity has a light interannual variability due to the rainy season, reaching an average between 28 and 37

Study areas : a tropical lagoon average depth 1-10 meter the biogeochemical cycle of the macro- and micronutrients between the sediments and the water column is low the productive layer is in direct

13 Study areas : a tropical lagoon average depth 1-10 meter the biogeochemical cycle of the macro- and micronutrients between the sediments and the water column is low the productive layer is in direct contact with the most active decomposers and the very clean shallow waters let sunshine influence marine life this process, together with the low nutrient load from its watershed, the sea and the internal load from the sediments, may explain why this tropical lagoon production is low but rich in biodiversity. Due to the stable salinity condition, clams and coral life is favorite

14 How the Polynesian atoll works U.V. ray high level Sponge Sea cocumber Very high intra-inter species competition Coral Seaweed

15 Study area : coral and seaweed aquaculture

16 Study areas : Tridacna Pahua giant clam aquaculture The «Pahua» (local tridacna name) is part of the culture and the food of the populations of the Tuamotu atolls. It permits a farming activity and subsistence for the populations. We estimate an average year production of 10 tons for atoll. (range 20-4 tons)

17 Study areas : Tridacna Pahua giant clam SUSTAINABLE aquaculture This aquaculture doesn t need any food Just sunshine is necessary to favorite the symbiontic zooxantella microalgae. These are the clam food for growing.

Polynesian giant clam and symbiotic algae 6 CO 2 + 6 H

18 Polynesian giant clam and symbiotic algae 6 CO H 2 O + Light C 6 H 12 O O 2 average depth 1 meter

Polynesian giant clam and microalgae Tissues extend over

nutritional depth supplement 1 meter from the algae Many

19 Polynesian giant clam and microalgae Tissues extend over the outer margin of the shell, supply protection and nutrients for the symbiotic algae. The bivalves directly or indirectly receive average nutritional depth supplement 1 meter from the algae Many active compounds can be extracted : 1) New pigment 2) anti oxydant 3) U.V. protection

20 In field molecules discovery In field, we carry out a effective test analysis Drying Extraction TLC Separation Purification

WHY? average depth 1 meter Why should we farm an organism for a blue cosmetics?

To reduce, indirectly, energy consumption (cost managing) Producing a quality raw

a more detailed approach and may require an expert advice.

organic and carbon footprint product : 1. Define the methodology 2.

21 WHY? average depth 1 meter Why should we farm an organism for a blue cosmetics? There are typically three main reasons for a farmed blue cosmetics : 1. environmental and ethical purpose 2. marketing purpose: we can improve the presence of the target compound 3. To reduce, indirectly, energy consumption (cost managing) Producing a quality raw marine ingredient for cosmetics Accurate aquaculture for BLUE cosmetics requires a more detailed approach and may require an expert advice. The five steps below show a systematic approach, suitable to produce an accurate organic and carbon footprint product : 1. Define the methodology 2. Specify the boundary and scope 3. Collect and isolate the active compound and calculate the footprint 4. Verify results in the time (more years, for effectiveness) 5. Disclose the results

22 Define the methodology average depth 1 meter

23 Define the target compound average depth 1 meter

24 Define the test and analysis average depth 1 meter

25 The Italian Venetian Example of cosmetic aquaculture and CO2 label Seaweed production in a Venice Fish Farm in 2012 : ,4 kg CO2 incorporated in the seaweed : ,53 ton = ~ skin protection cellular regeneration seaweed anti-acne action Rides prevention

26 Future perspectives exploitation of marine organisms for cosmetics production also as a means of carbon sequestration (-CO2 label) A new «blue» sea carbon compound credits for cosmetics Carbon credits

27 Thanks for your attention Thanks for your attention

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