Science and Technology Advantages: An important mean for Blue Aquaculture Development in Vietnam

Transcription

1 Science and Technology Advantages: An important mean for Blue Aquaculture Development in Vietnam THE EAST ASIAN SEAS CONGRESS 2015 Cao Le Quyen - Bé THUû VIÖNKINHTÕ& QUYHO¹CHTHUû S N Vietnam Institute for Fisheries Economics and Planning (VIFEP) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD)

2 Outline of this presentation Coastal aquaculture development in Vietnam and its difficulties and challenges; What is blue economy and implications for blue aquaculture development; What have been done for blue aquaculture development in Vietnam; Investment opportunities for Blue Aquaculture development based on science and technological advantages.

3 Natural resources for coastal aquaculture development Coastal lines: 3,260km Numbers of islands: >3,000 EEZ: >1 millions km 2 12 lagoons; 112 estuaries; Over 2,000 aquatic species (130 species with high economic values Potential areas for brackish water aquaculture are about 700,000 hectares. 28 coastal provinces (out of total 63 provinces)

4 Aquaculture Area Distribution in regions 10% 9% 20% 19% Mekong River Delta Mekong River Delta Red Red River River Delta Delta Remaining Area Remaining area 72% 70%

5 Aquaculture in Vietnam: Facts and Figures in 2014 Aquaculture environments: freshwater, brackish water and marine aquacultures. Four main groups of species: freshwater fish (carp, catfish, tilapia ), Macrobrachium shrimp; brackish water crustaceans (shrimp, crab, ), mollusc, marine fish, seaweeds. Aquaculture areas in 2014: 1.28 millions hectares: Pangasius catfish: 5,500 hectares. Brackish water shrimp: 685,000 hectares (590,000 ha tiger shrimp and 95,000 ha white leg shrimp). Total yields in 2014: 3.6 millions MTs: Catfish: 1.15 millons MTs; Brackish water Shrimp: 660,000 MTs (tiger shrimp: 260,000 MTs and white leg shrimp: 400,000 MTs);

6 Vietnam Aquaculture-Capture Yields (tons) Source: Annual Reports of Former MoFi ( ); Annual Reports of D-FISH ( ).

7 Coastal Aquaculture: Difficulties & challenges Blue aquaculture development

8 What is blue economy? At Rio +20 UNCSD, Blue Economy is improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities (UNEP 2013) Endorses the same principles of low carbon, resource efficiency and social inclusion.

9 Green technologies are keys for blue aquaculture UNEP and other partners (2012): Green technologies (in aquaculture) include: Innovative multi-trophic aquaculture production systems using environmentally friendly feeds; Reduced energy use and greener refrigeration technologies; and Improved waste management in fish handling, processing and transportation. All those things need to be under proper local supportive policies.

10 Legal context for green agriculture sector (including aquaculture sub-sector) Source: Pham Xuan Thinh (2015).

11 Blue initiatives and systems in coastal aquaculture development in Vietnam

12 Climate smart aquaculture (CSA) system (tiger shrimp, tilapia and crab) in North Coastal Central (Thanh Hoa province) CSA pag. 12

13 What is CSA in Aquaculture and implications for blue economy development CSA is defined as "agriculture that sustainably increases productivity, enhances resilience, reduces/removes greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), and enhances achievement of national food security and development goals (FAO, 2010); Sustainably productivity increase/ Food security Adaptation/ Resilience Low carbon (mitigation) Enhances the achievements of national food security and development goals pag. 13

14 CSA in Thanh Hoa coastal aquaculture Enhancing community resilience to climate change by promoting CSA in Northern coastal area of Vietnam (ECO-SAMP) Regional IDOs Enhanced adaptive capacity, resilience & gender equity Extensionists U p - s c a l i n g Researchers

15 Aquaculture crop Calendar in CSA Thanh Hoa

16 CSA in Thanh Hoa in the perspectives of blue economy Better cope with climate changes through introducing tilapia in brackish water shrimp ponds Integrated system tilapia can utilize natural food and make use of feed residues from shrimp crop clean shrimp ponds, reduce FCR for farmed tilapia and reduce production costs; Diverse harvested products, Reduce environmental risks for shrimp crop, reduce GHG emissions due to reduce FCR pag. 16

17 BRACKISH WATER SHRIMP-RICE ROTATION & FOREST- SHRIMP SYSTEMS IN THE MEKONG DELTA Systems 1. Inputs: Stocking density (unit/m2) FCR coefficient Water exchange (%/volume) 2. Outputs Farming time (day/crop) Survival rate (%) Productivity (ton/ha) ± ± ±0.12 Silvioshrimp Riceshrimp ±3.59 ± Source: Phan Thanh Lam (2015) ± ±15.26 ± ± ± ±0.71

18 Why rice-shrimp & forest-shrimp are blue? Integrated system shrimp can utilize natural food after rice cropping reduce FCR, reduce costs and GHG emission; Rice can absorb feed residues from shrimp crop better pond environment for next shrimp crop and reduce fertilizers reduce production cost and GHG emission; Diverse harvested products, Reduce environmental risks for shrimp crops.

19 Hard clam aquaculture (Meretrix lyrata) in Ben Tre Co-management for hard clam resource exploitations and aquaculture; Local communities play central roles in co-management through their Local Cooperative; Protect clam seeds through better harvesting systems; Certified with MSC certification with three core principles: Source: Tran Thu Nga (2012)

20 MSC principles for sustainable development ( Marine Stewardship Council) Principle 1: sustainable fish stocks Principle 2: Minimising environment impacts The fishing activity must be at a level which ensures it can continue indefinitely. Fishing operations must be managed to maintain the structure, productivity, function and diversity of the ecosystem. Blue hard clam development when receiving this MSC standard. Source: msc.org/ Principle 3: Effective managament The fishery must comply with relevant laws and have a management system that is responsive to changing circumstances.

21 MSC for Ben Tre hard clam in blue development perspectives MSC for hard clam better mangrove habitat protection around hard clam areas increase mangrove areas by 10 hectares; When mangrove areas increase areas of hard clam distribution also increases; Incomes of local farmers in the Hard Clam Cooperatives increase when they get 80% profits from clam business; Hard clam resources are protected, harvesting only clams have enough market sizes, smaller ones will be released again for more growth; Better public wealth: 7% of profits go to local communal budget, 6% to local development fund, 2% to local public wealth fund, 2% to local social fund, 2% to contigency fund and 1% to awarding fund (Source: Tran Thi Nga, 2012).

22 Applying copper in marine cage aquaculture (CAM) in Cat Ba islands, North Vietnam Souce: Copper Alliance and ICAFISH (2015)

23 Biofouling in net mesh Source: Copper Alliance and ICAFISH (2015) NYLON cage after one month of aquaculture CAM cage after six months of aquaculture

24 Compare raising Epinephelus tauvina in CAM and nylon cages Figure: Fish Growth ratio by weight during 12 months of aquaculture (gram/fish) Source: Copper Alliance and ICAFISH (2015)

25 Marine fish aquaculture (Trachinotus falcatus and Trachinotus blochii) with Norwegian cages

26 Marine fish culture with Norwegian cages Cage culture for marine pomfrets done by RIA 1 (Trachinotus falcatus and Trachinotus blochii) at commercial scales; Annual volumes: MTs, FCR: ; Marketed in domestic markets (VND 120,000/kg) and exported to US;

27 Investment opportunities for Blue Aquaculture development Encourages for private investment in CSA in coastal areas through improving farming technologies (shrimp-fish, riceshrimp, molluscs, forest-shrimp, marine fish farming); Sector plan for tilapia farming development, especially brackish water tilapia farming (integrated with shrimp) in coastal areas; Private investments for farming, processing and exporting brackish water tilapia; Sectoral Program for sustainable development of commercial tilapia farming; Sectoral Program for sustainable expansion of rice-shrimp integrated farming systems in Mekong river delta (detailed development planning, improve irrigation systems, environmental monitoring ).

28 Investment opportunities for Blue Aquaculture development (cont. 1) Private investments for farming, processing and exporting shrimp products raised in rice-shrimp integrated systems though environmental friendly labeling; Research in in-tank lobster farming in coastal provinces in Central Coastal Areas; Research in environmental treatment technologies in marine lobster farming areas in Southern Central Coastal Areas; Encourages for private investment in marine fish culture and exporting;

29 Investment opportunities for Blue Aquaculture development (cont. 2) Scaling up co-management schemes for mollusk exploitation and conservation to other provinces of Tien Giang and Tra Vinh; Promote investments in mollusk breeding to supply better quality clam seed for aquaculture; Promote the market expansions for processed mollusk products (clams, oysters, ). Comply with sustainable certifications such as VietGAP, MSC, ASC,

30 Thank you for your attention!