RENEWABLE HYDROGEN: THE MISSING LINK BETWEEN THE POWER, GAS, INDUSTRY AND TRANSPORT SECTORS. Denis THOMAS, Hydrogenics Europe N.V.

Transcription

1 RENEWABLE HYDROGEN: THE MISSING LINK BETWEEN THE POWER, GAS, INDUSTRY AND TRANSPORT SECTORS Denis THOMAS, Hydrogenics Europe N.V. EU Regulatory Affairs and Business Development Manager for Renewable Hydrogen June

2 Introduction video 2

3 Agenda 1. Hydrogenics 2. Water electrolysis 3. Fuels cells 4. Renewable Hydrogen 5. Conclusions 3

4 Leading Hydrogen TECHNOLOGY PROVIDER Onsite Generation Electrolysers H 2 O + electricity H 2 + ½ O 2 Power Systems Fuel Cell Modules H 2 + ½ O 2 H 2 O + electricity Industrial Hydrogen Hydrogen Fueling Stand-by Power Mobility Power 4

5 PIONEER IN RENEWABLE HYDROGEN projects Renewable Hydrogen Energy Storage Power-to-X 5

6 Hydrogenics, a 100% global hydrogen company Hydrogenics Corporation Headquarter Mississauga, Ontario, Canada Since /- 70 employees Areas of expertise: Fuel cells, PEM electrolysis, Power-to-Gas Previously: The Electrolyser Company, Stuart Energy Hydrogenics Europe Oevel, Belgium Since /- 70 employees Areas of expertise: pressurized alkaline electrolysis, hydrogen refueling stations, Power-to-Gas Previously: Vandenborre Hydrogen Systems Hydrogenics Gmbh Gladbeck, Germany Since /- 15 employees Areas of expertise: Fuel cells, mobility projects, Power-to-Gas In total: +170 employees Incorporated in 2000 [NASDAQ: HYGS; TSX: HYG] More than 3,000 products deployed in 100 countries worldwide Total revenues (2017): 48.1 Mio $ Over 65 years of electrolysis leadership Production facility Sales office 6

7 Our History: Over 60 Years of Experience 1987 Vandenborre Hydrogen Systems, a manufacturer of Pressurized Alkaline Electrolyzers is founded in Belgium 2000 Hydrogenics goes public The Electrolyser Corporation renamed Stuart Energy after going public 2003 Stuart Energy acquires Vandenborre 2018 Hydrogenics is the global leader in fuel cell and hydrogen technology solutions 1948 The Electrolyser Corporation, a manufacturer of Atmospheric Alkaline Electrolyzers is incorporated in Toronto, Canada 1995 Hydrogenics is founded 2002 Hydrogenics acquires ENKAT GmbH and begins operations in Germany 2005 Hydrogenics acquires Stuart Energy to become the only fuel cell and electrolyzer company in the industry 7

8 Agenda 1. Hydrogenics 2. Water electrolysis Water electrolysis H 2 O + electricity H 2 + ½ O 2 3. Fuels cells 4. Renewable Hydrogen 5. Conclusions 8

9 Water electrolysis Fundamentals Electrochemical reaction that splits water into Hydrogen and Oxygen, using electricity. It is a 100% emission free and carbon-free process Cathode : 4 H e- ==> 2 H OH- Anode : 4 OH- ==> H e- Overall : 4 H 2 0 ==> 4 H water electricity hydrogen oxygen heat 9

10 Hydrogenics HySTAT Alkaline Stack Gas production: H 2 (cathode) and O 2 (anode) Series of cells (electrodes and membranes) assembled in a bipolar design Electrodes = Gas production Membranes = Gas separation allowing ionic conductivity (OH-) Cells are assembled electrically in series, hydraulically in parallel. 10

11 HySTAT 60 - alkaline electrolyser 11

12 HySTAT series - Alkaline technical specifications 12

13 HySTAT ALKALINE SYSTEMS TODAY 10 Nm³/h Nm³/h 13

14 HySTAT ALKALINE SYSTEMS TODAY 10 Nm³/h Nm³/h 14

15 Extensive experience with alkaline technology Saint Gobain, Colombia Elemash, Russia > 300 ALKALINE PROJECTS DELIVERED Bushan, India Camao, Brazil Nyagan, Russia Kirovgrad, Russia 15

16 World hydrogen market >1 /kg But most (96%) of the hydrogen produced today is not CO 2 -free (from gas, oil, coal) 2-8 /kg If produced from renewable power via electrolysis, hydrogen is fully renewable and CO 2 -free. 20 /MWh > 1 /kg 1-2 /kg 4-10 /kg Renewable hydrogen has the potential to decarbonize a large range of applications Production Storage / Transport / Distribution End-use 16 Data source: The Hydrogen Economy, M. Ball 2009 & Esprit Associates 2014

17 PEM water electrolysis only circulating water 17

18 HyLYZER - PEM : key Hydrogenics +15 MW Test large stack Field test 1.5 MW electrolyser 2.5/3 MW cell stack R&D Small scale PEM electrolyser 1,5 MW cell stack Dual cell stack design Multi MW design 18

19 PEM, 2012 : LET S GO FOR IT 450E 1500E 92E 19

20 PEM electrolyser Membrane-Electrode-Assembly (MEA) technology High purity >30 bar operational pressure 150 µm thick 2.3 A/cm² 20

21 2012 PEM, 2012 : LET S GO FOR IT First test large stack cm² active surface 21

22 2014 MW PEM MEASURED EFFICIENCY First commercial large stack 22

23 2015 FIRST MW PEM STACK MEASURED EFFICIENCY First 1.5 MW delivered 23 Uniper, WindGas Reitbrook, Hamburg, Germany

24 2017 HyLYZER dual stack 5.0 kwh/nm³ 24 Air Liquide, HyBalance, Hobro, Denmark

25 2017 HyLYZER dual stack 5.0 kwh/nm³ 25 Air Liquide, HyBalance, Hobro, Denmark

26 Relationship between cost and efficiency First MW PEM Stack Measured Efficiency Increase efficiency Reduction of operational cost ( /kg) Increase current density Reduction of capital cost ( /MW) 26 Example: 1.5 MW PEM Electrolyser, WindGas Reitbrook, Hamburg

27 Power input [kw] Stack efficiency (HHV) [%] Electrolysers Fast reacting devices A matter of power electronics Power operated rather than Pressure operated Idea to balance renewables (wind and solar) and provide Grid Balancing Services Power input Stack efficiency (HHV) Example: 1.5 MW PEM Electrolyser, WindGas Reitbrook, Hamburg 27

28 New benchmark in PEM electrolysis HyLYZER MW cell stack from Hydrogenics for multi-mw projects 1 MW Scale Electrolyzer Stack 3.0 MW industry benchmark 4 Fast Response and Dynamic Operation Key IPR established 2 Reduction of Plant Capital Costs Achieved target system cost 5 Very compact Lowest footprint on the market 3 6 Stack Efficiency Improvements Leading industry performance 2017 Power Input: 3.0 MW Hydrogen Output: 620 Nm 3 /h Design Pressure: 40 bar 2014 Power Input: 1.5 MW Hydrogen Output: 310 Nm 3 /h Design Pressure: 40 bar Reduced Maintenance Limited and optimised 28

29 Alkaline & PEM electrolysis Product s line Alkaline PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) HySTAT HySTAT HySTAT HyLYZER HyLYZER HyLYZER Output pressure 10 barg (27 barg optional) 30 barg Number of cell stacks Nominal Hydrogen Flow 15 Nm³/h 60 Nm³/h 100 Nm³/h 300 Nm³/h Nm³/h Nm³/h Nominal input power 80 kw 300 kw 500 kw 1.5 MW 5 MW 25 MW AC power consumption (utilities included, at nominal capacity) kwh/nm³ kwh/nm³ Hydrogen flow range % % 5-100% 1-100% Hydrogen purity % O2 < 2 ppm, N2 < 12 ppm (higher purities optional) % O2 < 2 ppm, N2 < 12 ppm (higher purities optional) Tap water consumption <1.7 liters / Nm³ H2 <1.4 liters / Nm³ H2 Footprint (in containers) 1 x 20 ft 1 x 40 ft 1 x 40 ft 1 x 40 ft 2 x 40 ft 10 x 40 ft Footprint utilities (optional) Incl. Incl. 29 Incl. 1 x 20 ft 1 x 20 ft 5 x 20 ft

30 Agenda 1. Hydrogenics 2. Water electrolysis 3. Fuels cells 4. Renewable Hydrogen Fuel Cell H 2 + ½ O 2 H 2 O + electricity 5. Conclusions 30

31 Fuel cells solutions: from power modules for turnkey systems PEM Single Cell Fuel Cell Power Module Fuel Cell System Cell stack Balance-of-Plant MEA - Membrane Electrolyte Assembly Bipolar plates Gas Diffusion layer Gaskets Multiple cells layered End plates Tie rods Spring washers Bus bar interfaces Fuel cell voltage monitor Fuel management Air management Water management Coolant pump and control Control hardware and software Power conditioning Hybrid energy storage Hybrid control hardware and software Cooling or heat exchanger (or CHP) H2 storage 31

32 KOLON Water & Energy, South Korea (2015) Repowering of by-product hydrogen from chemical industry OBJECTIVES Process Plant with by-product hydrogen Korean government provides incentives (feed-in) for power produced from hydrogen SOLUTION >1 MW HyPM-R based on HyPM-R120 fuel cell racks Grid feed inverters, outdoor containers Joint venture power purchase agreement (PPA) 20 year Service agreement Commissioned October x40ft containers More information: 32

33 Fuel cells for mobility applications Many references Canary Islands, Spain Toronto Canada Konstanz, Germany TACOM/General Motors H2Fly, DLR, Germany Riversimple, UK Basel, Switzerland Blue-G, China Berlin, Germany ALSTOM, Germany Los Angeles, CA, USA 33

34 Power-to-Mobility Alstom Transport Zero-emission (hydrogen) train Coradia ilint ~50% of rail network in Germany is not electrified (operated with diesel) More stringent regulation (exhaust emission, noise) and expected price increase for diesel LOI from 4 German States to buy min 40 zero emission passenger trains (2014) 1 st train (2016) with hydrogen fuel cell Commercial service expected by 2020 Source: Alstom 34

35 Agenda 1. Hydrogenics 2. Water electrolysis 3. Fuels cells 4. Renewable Hydrogen 5. Conclusions 35

36 Renewable Hydrogen 36

37 Power-to-Power For Electrical Energy Storage Power-to-Power Conversion of excess power in hydrogen via an electrolyser Storage of hydrogen in gas bottles, tanks or underground Repowering of the hydrogen through a fuel cell Ideal for long-term energy storage (remote locations, telecom, off-grid systems) 37

38 Power-to-Gas Power-to-Gas Direct injection of hydrogen in gas grid (2%-10% vol ) Injection of Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) after a methanation step : H 2 + CO 2 CH 4 + H

39 WindGas Falkenhagen, Germany (2013) Direct injection of hydrogen in natural gas grid (transportation) Power-to-Gas OBJECTIVES 1 st demo project worldwide to inject hydrogen in the high-pressure transmission natural gas pipeline at 55bar (ONTRAS) with a max concentration of 2%vol Optimize operational concept (fluctuating power from wind vs. changing gas feed). Gain experience in technology, cost and business aspects. SOLUTION 6 x HySTAT with all peripherals in 20Ft. housings to produce 360 Nm³/h hydrogen (power: 2 MW) A 40 Ft container including 2 compressors to compress the hydrogen to 55barg. PARTNERS: UNIPER Energy Storage GmbH (ex-eon) More information: Photo credits: Uniper Energy Storage GmbH 39

40 WindGas Reitbrook (Hamburg), Germany (2015) Direct injection of hydrogen in natural gas grid (distribution) Power-to-Gas OBJECTIVES Development of 1,5 MW PEM Electrolysis Stack and System Validate PEM technology in operational environment Gain experience in technology and cost. Feed hydrogen into the medium-pressure distribution natural gas pipeline at 30 bar without compression. SOLUTION 1x HyLYZER PEM electrolyser with all peripherals in 40ft. housings for max 285 Nm³/h H 2 at 30 bar (Power: 1.5 MW) PARTNERS: More information: Photo credits: Uniper Energy Storage GmbH 40

41 BioCat, Avedøre, Denmark (2016) Biological methanation and SNG injection in distribution gas grid Power-to-Gas 41

42 Power-to-Mobility Power-to-Mobility Hydrogen refueling stations with onsite hydrogen production For cars (700 bar), a refueling takes 3-5 min for a driving range of km For buses (350 bar), a refueling takes 10 min for a driving range of 350 km ACHES 350/700 bar hydrogen refueling station, Aberdeen (UK) 42 Example: Toyota MIRAI

43 Hydrogen refueling stations > 50 references with onsite hydrogen production Power-to-Mobility Shell, Santa Monica, USA Aberdeen Hydrogen Bus Project, Scotland, UK, 2015 Aberdeen ACHES (700 bar), Scotland, UK, 2017 Oslo, Norway, 2012 Vattenfall, Hamburg, Germany, 2012 Colruyt - Eoly - DATS24, Halle, Belgium,

44 Don Quichote, Halle, Belgium ( ) Hydrogen from wind to power fuel cell forklifts Power-to-Mobility OBJECTIVES Located at one of the warehouse of Colruyt, one of the biggest Belgian retail company Hydrogen is used to fill fork lift trucks SOLUTION 30 Nm³/h alkaline + 30 Nm³/h PEM electrolysers 50 kg 350 bar storage + dispenser 100 kw Fuel Cell SUPPORT 1 st part funded by InterReg project (Waterstofregio Vlaanderen Zuid-Nederland) 2 nd part funded FCH-JU More information: 44

45 Power-to-Industry Power-to-Industry Hydrogen is used massively in the industry : ammonia (fertilizers), refineries, steel, float glass, semiconductors, oil and fat, power plants. 1 ton of renewable hydrogen avoids the emission of +/- 10 tons of CO 2 Main industries consuming hydrogen 50%: chemical industry (ammonia, methanol) 43%: oil refineries 6%: float glass, steel and semi-conductors 1%: power plants, oil hydrogenation and mobility Total consumption 2014 = 571 bcm H 2 Data source: The Hydrogen Economy, M. Ball 2009 & Esprit Associates

46 HyBalance, Hobro, Denmark (construction in 2017) Industrial hydrogen and delivery to hydrogen refueling stations Power-to-Industry OBJECTIVES Validate the highly dynamic PEM electrolysis technology in a real industrial environment and provide grid balancing services on the Danish power market Validate innovative hydrogen delivery processes for fueling stations at high pressure SOLUTION 1x HyLYZER (PEM, dual cell stack design) with all peripherals to produce 230 Nm³/h H 2 (power: 1,2 MW) PARTNERS: This project receives financial support FCH-JU (GA No ) and ForskEL program, administered by Energinet.dk. More information: 46

47 Huge decarbonisation potential via Renewable H 2 in EU industry: chemistry, refineries, steel. Power-to-Industry 6 Dec 2017 CO2-emission free iron making Low-carbon-energy-and-feedstock-for-the-chemical-industry.pdf 47

48 Power-to-Fuel Power-to-Fuels Renewable hydrogen for refineries for the desulfurization of the fuels (massive CO 2 savings) Synthesis of renewable methanol: H 2 + CO 2 CH 3 OH + H 2 O Possible introduction in EU Renewable Energy and Fuel Quality Directives (Upstream Emmission Reductions) 48

49 MEFCO 2, Niederaußem (Germany) Power-to-Methanol Power-to-Fuels OBJECTIVES Produce green methanol as energy vector from captured CO₂ and hydrogen produced using surplus renewable energy. Existing post-combustion pilot CO 2 plant at coal power plant of RWE Flexible operation (RES driven) SOLUTION 1x HyLYZER (PEM, single cell stack design) with all peripherals to produce 200 Nm³/h H 2 (power: 1 MW) PARTNERS: This project has received funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement (No ). More information: 49

50 Power-to-Refinery What about renewable hydrogen in refineries? Power-to-Fuels Source: Uniper 50

51 Renewable hydrogen Selection of recent demonstration projects Power Gas Industry Mobility Fuel Country Project Size Year Electrolyser technology + CO 2 + CO 2 + CO 2 + CO 2 Norway Haeolus 2 MW kw FC 2018 PEM Germany MefCO2 1 MW 2018 PEM Germany WindGas Brunsbuttel 2.4 MW 2017 PEM Thailand EGAT 1 MW kw FC 2017 PEM Canada Embridge P2G 2.4 MW kw FC 2017 PEM Denmark HyBalance 1.2 MW 2017 PEM Denmark BioCat 1 MW 2016 Alkaline Italy Ingrid 1 MW kw FC 2016 Alkaline UK Aberdeen 1 MW 2016 Alkaline Germany WindGas Reitbrook 1.5 MW 2015 PEM Belgium DonQuichote 150 kw kw FC 2015 Alkaline + PEM Germany WindGas Falkenhagen 2 MW 2014 Alkaline Main conclusions from these projects: 1. Hydrogen technologies work fine and deliver according to expectations. 2. There is still room for further technical improvement but no technology breakthrough is expected. 3. There is a important potential for further cost reduction: going from project manufacturing to product manufacturing 4. Energy regulatory framework is no suited for these applications and business operation of these projects remains very challenging 51

52 Agenda 1. Hydrogenics 2. Water electrolysis 3. Fuels cells 4. Renewable Hydrogen 5. Conclusions 52

53 Hydrogen Basic math Hydrogen physics 1 kg 11,1 Nm³ 33,3 kwh (LHV) and 39,4 kwh (HHV) High mass energy density (1 kg H 2 = 3,77 l gasoline) Low volumetric density (1 Nm³ H 2 = 0,34 l gasoline) Hydrogen production from water electrolysis (~5 kwh/nm³ H 2 ) Power: 1 MW electrolyser 200 Nm³/h H 2 ± 18 kg/h H 2 Energy: +/- 55 kwh of electricity 1 kg H Nm³ ± 10 liters demineralized water Power production from a hydrogen PEM fuel cell from hydrogen (+/- 50% efficiency) Energy: 1 kg H 2 16 kwh Cars and buses FCEV H 2 tank H 2 consumption Driving range Annual driving distance Annual H 2 consumption Car (passenger) 5 kg 1 kg/100 km 500 km km 150 kg Bus (12 m) 35 kg 8 kg/100 km 350 km km 5 tons 53

54 Business Case Drivers For more information on the economics, consult the Power-to-Gas Roadmap for Flanders: Grid Fees and Levies Investor Bonus For good economics: low power price, high operating time and high value for end product are key! Renewable Credit: Technology Push & Market Pull measures ~xx% ~50% Hydrogen Cost Service Income (balancing) ~xx% Capex ~20% Opex ~2% Wholesale Price Electricity ~30% Feedstock Income (H 2, O 2, Heat) ~xx% 54

55 Clean hydrogen definitions 91 g CO 2 eq /MJ H2 (=SMR benchmark) Not Lowcarbon Grey H 2 Lowcarbon CertifHy Green H 2 CertifHy Low-carbon H 2 36,4 g CO 2 eq /MJ H2 (-60%) 0 g CO 2 eq /MJ H2 Renewable H 2 (zero carbon) Renewable energy Non renewable energy 55

56 Renewable hydrogen as a CO 2 -free energy vector for the decarbonisation of the energy system Overall share of energy from renewable sources (EU28, 2014) Future? H 2 ktoe Future? 2014 e Future? 2014 Non-renewable Renewable Future? Hydrogen 0 17,7% 27,5% 5,9% Heating & Cooling Electricity Transport Electricity Other renewables ENERGY EFFICIENCY RENEWABLES Data source: EUROSTAT, SHARES 2014 Illustrative for future scenario Biomass, Biomethane Green gas (H 2, SNG) Fuel cells (CHP) Heat pumps Hydro, Biomass, Geothermal, Wind, Solar Fuel cells Batteries 56 Biofuels Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Battery Electric Vehicle

57 Key messages Hydrogen and Fuel Cell technologies are mature and ready Massive cost reduction potential : form project to product manufacturing & product up scaling Massive CO 2 reduction potential: power, gas, transport and industry But markets are not ready! We need: 1. Green hydrogen certification mechanism 2. Premium value for end product / application 3. Access to renewable electricity at low cost 4. Grid connection to deliver balancing services 57

58 Thank you for your attention Denis THOMAS Renewable Hydrogen EU Regulatory Affairs & Business Development Manager Mobile: