G i v i n g s h a p e to s u s t a i n a b i l i t y

Transcription

1 G i v i n g s h a p e to s u s t a i n a b i l i t y

2 Welcome How to determine the footprint of agri- and food products? Elena Koukouna Consultant Gouda, the Netherlands 15/12/2016 2

3 Outline of the webinar Agenda Blonk Consultants team Can you pass the quiz? Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in practice The EU PEF project and other applications Why LCA? Limitations of LCA Follow-up events 3

4 Nice to meet you! Elena Koukouna Elena Koukouna Consultant Background & Expertise BSc Industrial Management and Supply Chain MSc Industrial Ecology Thesis research within EU JatroMed project Consultant, Blonk Consultants (2 years) Recent projects Heineken environmental data analysis & verification EU Beer PEF pilot; LCA modelling Agri-footprint database update Vegetable and Fruit Calendar, Milieu Centraal, the Netherlands 4

5 10 Team of 10 dedicated Food Sustainability experts Blonk Consultants Giving shape to sustainability Gouda the Netherlands Focus Life cycle assessments Sustainable nutrition Sustainability performance management Founded in 1999 Expertise Agri-food & Sustainability

6 G i v i n g s h a p e to s u s t a i n a b i l i t y Our vision Making the change to a healthy and sustainable society by finding solutions and answers for sustainability issues in the agro-food sector

7 Blonk Consultants Areas of expertise Life Cycle Assessments Sustainable products & supply chains Sustainable Nutrition Assessment Healthy & sustainable diets Sustainability Performance Management Sustainable processes & sustainability reporting

8 Let s start with a quiz! Some questions for you 8

9 Quiz #1 How would you rank the following beverages from highest to lowest carbon footprint impact, from farm to consumer (consumed in NL)? A. Choco milk (half fat) > red wine > fresh orange-juice > cappuccino > cola > soy milk > coffee B. Red wine > fresh orange-juice > soy milk > cola > choco milk (half fat) > cappuccino > coffee C. Soy milk > cola > choco milk (half fat) > cappuccino > coffee > red wine > fresh orange-juice 9

10 kg CO 2 eq/kg Quiz #1 How would you rank the following beverages from highest to lowest carbon footprint impact, from farm to consumer (consumed in NL)? A. Choco milk (half fat) > red wine > fresh orange-juice > cappuccino > cola > soy milk > coffee 2 Carbon footprint 1,5 Consumer Retail Packaging 1 Beverage production and ingredients Milk production 0,5 0 Choco milk (half fat) Red wine Fresh orangejuice Cappuccino Cola Soy milk Coffee 10

11 Quiz #2 How much agricultural area for soy production in South America do these products require (consumed in NL)? Put these in the right order: from high to low amount of m 2 annually/ kg of product? A. Milk > pangasius > beef B. Beef > milk > pangasius C. Pangasius > beef > milk 11

12 Quiz #2 How much agricultural area for soy production in South America do these products require (consumed in NL)? Put these in the right order: from high to low amount of m 2 annually/ kg of product? A. Milk > pangasius > beef B. Beef > milk > pangasius C. Pangasius > beef > milk 12

13 Quiz #3 A plant pot manufacturer produces plant pots from Polypropylene, filled with limestone. Should he: Shift to coco-pith/ wood-fibre? Stay with polypropylene? Shift to poly lactic acid (PLA)? 13

14 Quiz #3 A plant pot manufacturer produces plant pots from Polypropylene, filled with limestone. Should he: A. Shift to coco-pith/ wood-fibre B. Stay with polypropylene? C. Shift to poly lactic acid (PLA) Impact category Unit PP incineration PP recycling PLA incineration PLA composting Pith-wood incineration Pith-wood composting Climate change kg CO2 eq Terrestrial acidification kg SO2 eq Freshwater eutrophication kg P eq Marine eutrophication kg N eq Agricultural land occupation m2a Water depletion m3 Fossil depletion kg oil eq 14

15 Why & how to determine the footprint? Research methods & techniques 15

16 Why to assess the footprint? Environmental impact decoupling from growth Resource depletion and need for novel products (eg novel foods, alternative protein sources, energy efficient solutions etc) Cost reduction needs within companies Raise public awareness and involvement (eg deforestation, sustainable fishing, healthy and sustainable nutrition) Need to adopt healthy lifestyles 16

17 Accounting for the impact Agri-food system is a complex system Methodological tools to measure impacts: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Environmental Input-Output analysis Material Flow Analysis Carbon footprinting Water footprinting Ecological footprint Ecosystem service valuation 17

18 Accounting for the impact Methodological tools to measure impacts: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Agri-food system is a complex system Holistic approach LCA captures the whole supply chain with its individual stages. Impacts of different nature are assessed (eg. CO 2 emissions, water consumption, fossil depletion etc). 18

19 Capture the whole supply chain 19

20 What is LCA? ISO 14040/44 Framework LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK GOAL & SCOPE DEFINITION INVENTORY ANALYSIS IMPACT ASSESSMENT INTERPRETATION Direct applications Product development and improvement Strategic planning (Β2Β) Public policy making Marketing Towards consumers tools Others 20

21 Coca Cola quantifies the environmental consequences of the entire life cycle of packaging for business decisions switch from glass bottle to plastic bottle the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) refined the methodology, creating an approach known as Resource and Environmental Profile Analysis (REPA) Growing interest, but hardly development in the 80 s because LCA software didn t exist yet History of LCA Remarkable growth of scientific activities worldwide: - Release of 1 st LCA software SimaPro - Databases (e.g. Ecoinvent) - Journals (e.g. IJLCA) But also diverse approaches and disputes. 1 st food LCA by Unilever, margarines (Vis, Krozer, van Duyse & Koudijs, 1992) First harmonisation: Publication of environmental management ISO (14001) Livestock s Long Shadow Product Environmental Footprint (PEF)

22 Agricultural LCAs versus other LCAs Share of agriculture-related LCAs in the International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 35% Share of agricultural related LCAs in the International Journal of LCA 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%

23 Let s clarify with an example An example: Pig product system 23

24 An example Pig product system; Goal and Scope fresh meat processing plant by-products retail consumer husbandry * Multifunctional process slaughterhouse * Multifunctional process System boundaries should depend on your goal! processing plant waste treatment & safe disposal retail consumer 24

25 An example Pig product system; Inventory analysis LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK Data to be inventoried: Feed production Water consumption Manure management Energy/ fuel consumption Transportation Fresh meat production (at the slaughterhouse) By-products treatment Waste treatment Packaging and Retail Consumption Food waste etc GOAL & SCOPE DEFINITION INVENTORY ANALYSIS IMPACT ASSESSMENT INTERPRETATION 25

26 kg CO 2 eq/ kg feed 1,2 An example Pig feed, at farm; Carbon footprinting Carbon footprint pig feed (for fattening pigs) LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK 1 Heat use GOAL & SCOPE DEFINITION Electricity use 0,8 Sunflower seed meal 0,6 Rapeseed meal Soybean (meal+hulls) Palm kernel expeller INVENTORY ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION Palm oil 0,4 0,2 Other fats and sugars Other grains Barley grain Wheat grain IMPACT ASSESSMENT 0 Climate change 26

27 An example Farm to plate; Several impact categories 14 0,003 1,4 0,12 Fresh meat cooked, at consumer 12 0,0025 1,2 0,1 Distribution and retail 10 0, ,08 Packaging for retail 8 0,0015 0,8 0,06 Fresh meat processing 6 0,6 Slaughterhouse 4 0,001 0,4 0,04 Production of fattening pigs for slaughtering 2 0,0005 0,2 0,02 Fattening-pigs feed 0 Climate change (kg CO2 eq/ kg pork consumed) 0 Freshwater eutrophication (kg P eq/ kg pork consumed)) 0 Fossil depletion (kg oil eq/ kg pork consumed) 0 Water depletion (m3/ kg pork consumed)) Sow and piglets raising system 27

28 An example Fresh pig meat at slaughterhouse; Different allocation methods LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK GOAL & SCOPE DEFINITION INVENTORY ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION IMPACT ASSESSMENT 28

29 Contribution analysis Climate change (kg CO 2 / kg) LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK GOAL & SCOPE DEFINITION INVENTORY ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION IMPACT ASSESSMENT 29

30 Contribution analysis Water depletion (m 3 /kg) LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK GOAL & SCOPE DEFINITION INVENTORY ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION IMPACT ASSESSMENT 30

31 Latest developments Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) 31

32 PEF Product Environmental Footprint How it came to be? If you can't explain it to a six year old, you don't understand it yourself. Albert Einstein Harmonized approach and a simple way to gauge environmental impact. INDUSTRY CONSUMERS 32

33 Goal INDUSTRY PEF Product Environmental Footprint What is it about? Create uniformity in the market with validated information in standard format The PEF Guide provides guidelines on how to calculate environmental impacts and how to communicate these impacts. ( ) Food pilots Beer Coffee Dairy Feed for food-producing animals Fish Meat (bovine, pigs, sheep) Olive oil Packed water Pasta Pet food (cats & dogs) Wine Non-food pilots Batteries and accumulators Decorative paints Hot and cold water supply pipes Household detergents Intermediate paper product (JRC) IT equipment Leather Metal sheets Non-leather shoes Photovoltaic electricity generation Stationery Thermal insulation T-shirts Uninterruptible Power Supply CONSUMERS If you can't explain it to a six year old, you don't understand it yourself. Albert Einstein You may visit all PEF pilots in the link below: 33

34 PEF Product Environmental Footprint Where is PEF now? Project will be finalized in the end of Pending the completion and re-moddeling of final PEFCRs - Testing communication vehicles You may visit all PEF pilots in the link below: 34

35 Sustainable diets Menu for Tomorrow 35

36 Menu for Tomorrow Healthy & Sustainable diet For the Dutch environmental organisation Natuur & Milieu, Blonk Consultants investigated what a healthy and sustainable diet would be for the Netherlands. Environmentaly friendly In line with health standards Mind consumers behaviour Affordable Interested in healthy diets? Visit our tool portal and try Optimise your diet : Kramer, G., & Blonk, H. (2015). Menu van Morgen - Gezond en duurzaam eten in Nederland: nu en later. Gouda, the Netherlands. 36

37 Go to:

38 Wrap-up session LCA 38

39 Why LCA? STANDARDISED & RELIABLE HOTSPOTS & INEFFICIENCES INPUT FOR R&D B2B & B2C COMMUNICATION NEW CONTRACTS REQUIREMENTS DECISION MAKING EPD & STANDARDS ETC. 39

40 Limitations LCA Availability & quality of data Only known and quantifiable environmental impacts are considered No scientific basis to aggregate LCA results to a single score The complexity of LCA is difficult to communicate (B2C) Misuse of LCA to support environmental claims (The devil is in the assumptions) 40

41 SOFTWARE Software, Databases & Tools Related to Life Cycle Assessment DATABASES TOOLS Direct Land Use Change Assessment Tool Optimise your diet! 41

42 Upcoming events Webinars & Trainings Webinar #1 Webinar #2 Advanced topics in LCA Webinar #3 Agricultural Land Use Change Special offer 10% discount Webinar #4 Sustainable diets LCA TRAINING 15, 16 & 17 FEBRUARY 2017 Go to: And use discount code WEBINAR

43 Suggested literature Introduction to LCA methodology Rebitzer, G., Ekvall, T., Frischknecht, R., Hunkeler, D., Norris, G., Rydberg, T., Pennington, D. W. (2004). Life cycle assessment part 1: framework, goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, and applications. Environment international, 30(5), Pennington, D. W., Potting, J., Finnveden, G., Lindeijer, E., Jolliet, O., Rydberg, T., & Rebitzer, G. (2004). Life cycle assessment part 2: current impact assessment practice. Environment international, 30(5), Allocation issue in LCA Cederberg, C., & Stadig, M. (2003). System expansion and allocation in life cycle assessment of milk and beef production. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 8(6), Luo, L., Van Der Voet, E., Huppes, G., & Udo De Haes, H. A. (2009). Allocation issues in LCA methodology: A case study of corn stover-based fuel ethanol. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 14(6), The EU PEF project All PEF pilots can be acessed via this link: Instructions for making an account: Livestock s long shadow Steinfeld, H., Gerber, P., Wassenaar, T., Castel, V., Rosales, M., & Haan., C. de. (2006). Livestock s long shadow. Rome, Italy. Menu for Tomorrow Agri-footprint Fruits & Vegetables Calendar 43

44 Thank you! Reach out to us! Elena Koukouna Consultant - Blonk Consultants elena@blonkconsultants.nl