ECN Gasification expertise

Transcription

1 ECN Gasification expertise Berend Vreugdenhil

2 ECN: A rich and evolving history ~600 employees ~20 patents a year ~500 reports in 2011 ~270 conferences in 2011 ~5 licenses a year We are in our 61 th year of pushing technology boundaries

3 ECN Energy research Centre of the Netherlands JRC-IE (275) NRG (370) COVIDIEN (290) ECN (570) Company name (#personel)

4 Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN) Dedicated to Sustainable Energy Innovation With and for the market, ECN develops knowledge and technology that enable a transition to a sustainable energy system Core activities in biomass Sustainable energy technology development R&D services to industry Feasibility studies, system & technology assessments Petten Amsterdam Eindhoven Brussels Wieringerwerf Beijing Biomass Solar Wind Energy efficiency Policy studies

5 ECN R&D Solar Energy Wind Energy Biomass and waste Policy Studies Energy Engineering Environment Energy Efficiency

6 ECN R&D Solar Energy Wind Energy Biomass and waste Policy Studies Energy Engineering Environment Energy Efficiency

7 Biomass/Waste R&D Gasification Combustion Torrefaction Biorefinery

8 Biomass/Waste R&D Gasification Combustion Torrefaction Biorefinery

9 Role of ECN in technology development commercial demonstration pilot-scale (100 kg/h) lab-scale (1 kg/h) fundamental research ECN effort /

10 Implementation (an example) circulating fluidized bed gasifier (CFB) 3 MW plant in Tzum (NL), MW pilot at ECN, MW plant in Portugal, MW plant in Romania, 2004

11 Starting points for ECN MILENA OLGA SNG General: Feedstock flexibility (means: low cost feedstock) Efficiency (means: low cost production) Scalability (means: low cost plant) MILENA gasification: Complete conversion (rest carbon is burnt) High heating value gas (no N 2 -dilution) OLGA tar removal: Tar removal above water dew point (no water/tar/particles mixture) Tar/particles recycle to gasifier SNG: Existing methanation technology and catalysts Combinations of existing/commercial processes in gas cleaning

12 ECN developments 500h test completed successfully 500 hours of testing October 2014 Complete lab-system with MILENA gasification OLGA tar removal ESME system for biosng production CO2 removal at moderate pressure to avoid methane loss/polution BTX conversion before CO2-removal to avoid BTX loss/polution BTX conversion and methanation in one adiabatic reactor at moderate pressure to keep it simple and efficient Methanation without cooling/recycle 850 C 1bar 450 C Steam 80 C 6 C 350 C 500 C 200 C 400 C 580 C 250 C 550 C 250 C 500 C 1 bar 6bar 6bar MILENA Hot Gas Filter OLGA Condensor HDS HCl / H2S sep. Reformer SNG1 SNG2

13 BIOMASS-to-SNG complete operating facility at ECN Further gas Methanation MILENA gasifier OLGA tar removal HDS reactor cleaning reactors 1 bar 1 bar 6 bar 6 bar 6 bar 70% energy efficiency from wood to biosng

14 Some of our facilities available in (almost) all possible combinations

15 MILENA technology Highly efficient Complete conversion Fuel flexible, tested: wood, waste wood, grass, straw, soya residue, RDF/SRF, sunflower husks, DDB (straw residue from 2 nd generation ethanol), high-ash coal, lignite Compact Cheap Know-how based 15

16 Bubbling Fluidized Bed reactor (WOB) Fluidized bed ~1 kg/h Gasifier, pyrolyser, combustor Up to 1100 C Fuel flexible: waste, biomass, coal Air, steam, or oxygen Fluidized bed reactor (WOB), 1 kg/h

17 Tar removal OLGA-technology Two-step washing: Heavy tars and particles Light tars Tars and particles available for recycle to gasifier Extensive tar sampling and analysis available OLGA tar and particles removal, 2 nm 3 /h

18 BTX scrubber Removes BTX (Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes) Scrubbing process Produces liquid BTX for further use BTX scrubber, 2 nm 3 /h

19 Fuels tested over the years

20 Fuel range from Biomass to Waste All data in volume%, results obtained in lab and pilot scale indirect ECN

21 Gasifier strengths Moisture up to 30% tested (RDF) Ash up to 55% tested (Coal) Impurities high chlorine content (grass / straw) tested Impurities high sulphur content (sludge / lignite) tested Impurities high plastic content (RDF / plastic waste) tested Reason: Flexible in temperature, so corrosion and agglomeration can be managed. What if a fuel has too much ash component or is too wet?

22 TORWASH: Combining washing and wet torrefaction Torrefaction + Washing = TORWASH Upgrade low-grade feedstock into commodity fuels for existing value chains Combines advantages and eliminates disadvantages: Torrefaction Brittle structure, easy to pulverize and pelletize Salt/alkali/Cl removal Straightforward downstream thermal conversion Mechanical dewatering up to 75% DM Low energy consumption for drying High volumetric energy density drastically lowers logistic costs Aim: maximum energy content and low mineral content in the solid phase Product: high-quality pellets or briquettes By-product: biogas from fermentation of liquid residue to sustain TORWASH process

23 TORWASH: Lab-scale results Giant Reed (1) 23

24 TORWASH: Lab-scale results Giant Reed (2) Parameter Unit EN plus A1 Wood pellets Reed raw Reed torwashed Additives wt% ar 0 none none none TORWASHed Giant Reed pellets comply with most stringent white wood pellets standard Pilot installation available Q Feedstocks successfully tested at lab-scale: Various energy crops & SRC s Sewage sludge Animal manure Empty Fruit Bunches Potential for upgrading of sugar cane leafs through TORWASH of interest in LCE22 Water wt% ar 10% 8.3% variable 7% Bulk density kg/m NCV GJ/ton ar ash wt% DM 0.7% 0.3% 2.3% 0.6% Cl wt% DM 0.020% 0.012% 0.227% 0.005% K mg/kg DM

25 @ECN we can do Fuel characterization Fuel pre-treatment (TORWASH) Determining ideal gasification parameters Perform duration test, including gas clean-up Host fermentation reactors, to showcase the entire chain

26 THANKS FOR THE ATTENTION Berend Vreugdenhil ECN Westerduinweg 3 P.O. Box LE Petten 1755 ZG Petten The Netherlands The Netherlands T M vreugdenhil@ecn.nl Publications: Fuel composition database: Tar dew point calculator: IEA bioenergy/gasification: Milena indirect gasifier: OLGA: / SNG: / BTX: 26