GE Energy. IGCC vs. Carbon

Transcription

1 GE Energy IGCC vs. Carbon

2 Increasing Difficulty for New PC Plants Cancellations & postponements at record levels coal moratorium NOW! For Immediate Release January 17, 2008 Progress Towards a Coal Moratorium 59 Coal Plants Cancelled or Shelved in 2007 SAN FRANCISCO Fifty-nine proposed coal-fired power plants were cancelled or shelved during 2007, according to research compiled by Coal Moratorium NOW! and Rainforest Action Network. Both groups are calling for a moratorium on the construction of new coal-fired power plants. New PC plants being pressured by NGO s Existing permits challenged Increasing trend in cancellations & postponements PSC s becoming reluctant to allow new PC build 220 Units 114 GW 108 Units 59.6 GW Total in development since 2001 to last COD 2015 Canceled / Postponed 112Units 54.4 GW Proposed Application pending Permitted Site prep / Under const 2

3 The Generation Planner s Dilemma Public Utility Commissions Give me the lowest cost Legislative & Regulatory Uncertainty??? Political & Enviro Give me Carbon Capture Now Carbon credit pricing, incentives, & costs CO 2 Technology Readiness Return and Safety for Shareholders 3

4 Low Carbon Coal Pathways Process Description Oxidant Status Pre-combustion Capture - IGCC Post-Combustion Capture - Amine Post-Combustion Capture - Ammonia Oxy-combustion Shift & CO 2 Scrub H 2 gas turbine Once-through, open cycle Refrigerated Flue Gas Chilled Ammonia Full CO 2 recycle CO 2 working fluid O 2 partial oxidation Air post combust Air Air O 2 Can be Applied Today Can be Applied Today Slipstream Pilot Pilot Chemical Looping Me/MeO oxidation/reduction O 2 Early Development AZEP High temperature membrane O2 O 2 Early Development 4

5 Fundamentals - Gasification Gasification is a partial oxidation process that can convert any hydrocarbon into carbon monoxide and hydrogen (syngas). (HC) n + O 2 H 2 + CO For example: 2 CH 4 + O 2 4 H CO Methane + oxygen hydrogen + carbon monoxide 5

6 Fundamentals - Shift A water shift reaction reacts carbon monoxide with water to produce equal moles of hydrogen and carbon dioxide For example: CO + H 2 O H 2 + CO 2 CO + H 2 O H 2 + CO 2 carbon monoxide + steam hydrogen + carbon dioxide 6

7 IGCC & Carbon Capture Ready Today Oxygen, Feedstock Water Gas Shift CO+H 2 O -> CO 2 +H 2 Process Gas Only High P, Low Vol High Driving Force Diffusion Combustor Diluent NOx Control Gasification Optional Shift AGR/SRU H 2 Power Slag Proven Gasification 62 GE licensed gasification units Hg Proven Process Technology S CO 2 25 GE licensed gasification units using shift to produce H 2 and AGR to remove CO2 Proven H2 Turbines 27 GE gas turbines operating at 50%+ H 2 7

8 IGCC Key Systems Proven for CCS Process Block Hydrogen Turbines Shift+Capture Experience Ammonia Plant Methanol Process Refinery Hydrogen 6B 7EA 25 Plants Ammonia Hydrogen Methanol Coal Petcoke Coal/Petcoke Liquid Gas 9E 7FB-H2 8

9 IGCC Carbon Capture-Ready Features AGR system already captures CO 2 for recycle Expandable for future Design pressure suitable for CO 2 capture Slurry fed reduced pre-shift steam requirement Does not require 7FB HGP modifications Plot space for AGR expansion, shift unit/s, CO 2 compression GE design allows for retrofit of carbon capture unit No new technology invention necessary Also requires identification and validation of life-of-plant storage options and strategy Capture Plant Plot Space 9

10 What Capture Level to Target? 10

11 Carbon Footprints of Fossil Power Existing Coal U.S. Average (33%) New Coal IGCC or PC 45% 40% IGCC with CCS CC% 90% 65% 50% Coal GTSC (FA) GTCC (FA) Natural Gas Thermal Efficiency Indicated (xx%) CC = Carbon Capture % CO 2 Emission Rate (lbs/mw-hr) References: DOE NETL; EIA; IEA and GE Internal Data 11

12 Criteria for Carbon Capture Levels Baseline (Reference Plant) Entitlement (no shift, partial syngas CO 2 removal) Entitlement (no shift, max removal of syngas CO 2 ) CA 1,100lb/MWh CA Single 1100lb/MWh stage shift, modified AGR NGCC NGCC Equivalency 770lb/MWh (770 lbco2/mwh) Single Shift GE, 2007 MIT, 2007 CCPC, 2004 DOE, stage shift, Integrated AGR 12

13 IGCC CO 2 Capture Alternatives No Capture Coal Gasification Acid Gas Removal S Recovery CO 2 Rich Fuel Gas Power Block HRSG Exhaust.83 tonne CO 2 /MWh Sulfur Entitlement Coal Gasification Acid Gas Removal CO 2 & S Recovery CO 2 Lean Fuel Gas Power Block.7 tonne CO 2 /MWh CO 2 to Sequestration 0.20 tonne/mwh Sulfur Coal Shift+Capture (50%-90%) Gasification Partial/ Acid Gas Removal Full Shift CO 2 & S Recovery CO 2 to sequestration tonne/mwh Sulfur H 2 Rich Fuel Gas Power Block.1-.5 tonne CO 2 /MWh 13

14 Tradeoff: Capital Cost vs. CO 2 Capture 18% % 4.0 Capital Cost Increase (%) 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Baseline +30% +30% 0.2 Entitlement 5% Entitlement Retrofit 17% NGSC Equiv 2.2 Greenfield NGSC Equiv 4.0 Greenfield Max Capture Captured CO2 (MM-tons/yr) 14

15 Performance Impact of Carbon Capture % Point decrease Efficiency % Net MW Output Drop % COE Increase Retrofit 5% Retrofit 17% Retrofit NG Equiv 1 Excludes T&S Greenfield NG Equiv Greenfield Max Capture 15

16 Avoided Cost Baseline IGCC Plant Avoided CO 2 Captured CO 2 IGCC plant with CCS Tons/MWh $/ton Avoided = $/ton X Captured Captured tons/mwh Avoided tons/mwh 16

17 Impact of T&S on Avoided Cost 80 Avoided Cost w/t&s ($/ton) T&S cost $15/ton $10/ton $5/ton Capture & compression only 0 5% entitlement 17% entitlement NG Eq. Retrofit NG Eq. Greenfield Greenfield Max Capture 17

18 Turbine Fuel Impact - Entitlement requires steam moisturization - Entitlement & NG Equivalent requires no N2 pre-dilution - 90% capture requires N2 pre-dilution to 60% H2 Base Plant Retrofit 5% Retrofit 17% Retrofit NGeq. Greenfield NGeq. Greenfield 90% 18

19 The Technology of CCS CO 2 GE Energy Power Heat Precombustion decarbonization H 2 + CO 2 Saline reservoir Underground storage Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) 19

20 Sample CO 2 Quality Specifications Component IPCC, 2005 IPCC, 2005; APGTF, 2002 Dakota Gasification Co. Kinder Morgan, 2006; Elsam A/S et. Al 2003 Dixon Consultin g; EOR, 2001 Industry Working Group, 2005 Canyon Reef EOR, 2005 CO 2 (mole%) > 95% > 96% > 96% > 95% > 95% > 95% N 2 (ppmv) < 40,000 < 300 < 6,000 < 40,000 < 20,000 < 40,000 < 40,000 CH 4 (ppmv) < 50,000 < 7,000 < 20,000 < 50,000 < 10,000 < 50,000 < 50,000 H 2 S (ppmv) < 1,061 < 9,000 < 20,000 < 200 O 2 (ppmv) < 7.5 < 50 < 100 < 10 < 100 (ppmw) < 2 (ppmw) < 200 < 1,500 < 100 < 10 H 2 O (ppmv) < 641 < 20 < 2 < 480 <-5C DP at 300psia < -40C DP < 28lb/ MMCF 20

21 Expanding IGCC s Fuel Envelope GE SIGNS LETTER OF INTENT WITH UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING TO DEVELOP NEW COAL GASIFICATION ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY CENTER ATLANTA, GA. February 13, 2008 GE Energy has signed a letter of intent with the University of Wyoming, countersigned by Wyoming Governor Dave Freudenthal, for the development of an advanced gasification research and technology center to be located in Wyoming. 21

22 Summary All systems required for IGCC carbon capture are commercially proven IGCC offers a flexible platform to capture CO 2 today for sequestration IGCC with carbon capture can be provided today as a base plant feature or as a future retrofit Natural gas performance recommended as CO2 BACT CO 2 sequestration validation with a clear regulatory environment need to catch up to capture. 22

23 GE Energy IGCC vs. Carbon