Time for taking stock Time for looking ahead
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1 ISRN Final Conference 5 7 May 2010, Toronto Time for taking stock Time for looking ahead Claire Nauwelaers Innovation Unit Regional Development Policy Division Public Governance and Territorial Development Directorate OECD
2 ISRN s Secrets for Success H1: Interactive learning and knowledge circulation Long-term research partnership collective learning quality Mutual trust leadership & vision Local buzz and global linkages H2: Attractiveness for, and retention of talents Lasting involvement of students diversity (?) Knowledge flow research-policy (brain circulation) H3: Quality of associative governance Long-term partnership with policy-makers Hibernating AND fashionable policy concerns Evidence base for policy (not policy-based evidence!)
3 ISRN s Key New Policy Messages Economic and Societal goals can be selfreinforcing Multi-dimensional recipe for success calls for holistic policy mixes (cfr. Tech transfer view) Different pathways to success are possible Resilience as success criterion Creativity as ingredient
4 Ways Forward P1: Internationalisation of findings What can other countries learn from Canada and vice-versa? Idiosyncratic versus general findings More robust evidence P2: Impact evaluation in multi-dimensional context How can we measure policy mixes success? 3E: Efficiency, Equity, Environment Resilience as success criterion P3: Policies for functional regions Cross-border (domestic, international) Vertical AND horizontal synergies
5 Questions from OECD governments How can we demonstrate the importance of innovation policy for growth, economic restructuring and/or job creation at the regional level? Spillovers, networks, open innovation, global valuechains: how regional is regional innovation? Which s seem to work and which don t? How is regional innovation policy integrated into national frameworks? Who does what? Who should do what? Where does the funding come from and where does it go? How do governments measure success?
6 Modes of policy learning in innovation Policy learning levels versus knowledge base Intraorganisation learning in policymaking /impl. institution Intra-system learning, with users/partners in innovation system Inter-system Learning international comparison Tacit knowledge 1 Experience, learning-bydoing, learning-curve, intraorganisational 3 Interorganisational learning, people mobility, sharing visions 5 International discussions, peer reviews, mobility, exchanging experience Codified knowledge 2 Internal monitoring; budgetary, administrative, targets 4 Evaluations, National Monitor and evaluation system 6 International benchmarks, using (policy) scoreboards, databases Source: Nauwelaers and Wintjes (2009)
7 Cities/Metro-regions matter to environmental objectives Questions from OECD governments Urbanisation levels may correspond to an increase in CO 2 emissions but emissions go down as density increases Urbanisation, Density and Carbon Emissions United States Canada Australia Finland Slovak Republic Sweden New Zealand Spain Denmark France Poland Belgium Germany Portugal Netherlands UK Japan per capita CO2 emissions in 2006 (t of CO2 / population) Urban density in 2005 (population / km2) Norway Czech Republic 16.8% Hungary Austria 23.2% Greece Turkey 28.5% 41.3% 44.7% Korea 47.2% 85.0% 57.3% 53.7% Urban share of total population (2005) %
8 Does concentration = growth? In practice, many other patterns emerge Economic Density GDP per square kilometre Labour Productivity GDP per worker Germany Source: OECD (2009) Regions Matter: Economic Recovery, Innovation and Sustainable Growth Economic Growth Real GDP per capita growth
9 Policies versus policy mix RIS Characteristics Governance Broad Policy Objectives Other policy R&D policy R&D policy R&D policy R&D policy Other R&D policy policy R&D policy R&D policy R&D policy R&D policy Other policy Other policy Other policy Other policy Source: Policy impacts
10 Seeking policy complementarities 2High impact 1Medium impact Land Use Zoning Transportation Natural Resources Building 0Neglible impact Renewable Energy Waste and Water Climate change policy packages Source: OECD (2009), Cities and climate change Working Paper
11 The new role of regional agencies: the need to measure additionality Old Paradigm New Paradigm Place of agency Outside of the system Actor in the system Role Top-down resource provider Facilitator, node in the system Rationale for intervention Market failures Systems failures, learning failures Mission Redistributing funds Identifying and reinforcing strengths in the system: a change agent Instruments Isolated Policy mix Accountability and control mechanisms Administrative and financial Strategic, goal-oriented, additionality Autonomy Restricted to execution Expanded to strategic decisions Source: OECD (2009) Governance of Regional Innovation Policy: Variety, Role and Impact of Regional Agencies Addressing Innovation (RIAs), unpublished.
12 Evaluation still highly under-developed, but key to solve prioritisation dilemnas Traditional performance indicator benchmarking Regional Innovation Scoreboard type indicators Lack of policy indicators (intensity, direction) Evaluations of individual programmes helpful but the evaluation of the policy mix is rarely performed Evaluations of the actors promoting innovation Innovation agencies, intermediaries and others Need for more Strategic policy intelligence (inhouse, outside)
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