Best Construction Practices and Splicing for Fiber Networks

Transcription

1 Best Construction Practices and Splicing for Fiber Networks Simon Salamanca Sr Systems Engineer, Carrier Networks Engineering Services Corning Optical Communications 07/26/2016

2 Agenda 1 Cable Splicing- Introduction 3 Factors Affecting Splice Loss 4 Selecting Mechanical or Fusion Splicing 5 Splicing Check list 6 Splicing Critical Steps 7 Splicing Common mistakes 8 Final Comments 2016 Corning Incorporated 2

3 10 Cable Standard Fiber Optic Cable Types 1 Loose tube cables 2 Tight-buffered cables 3 Ribbon cables 2016 Corning Incorporated 3

4 Optical Fiber and Relevant Standards Single Mode 2016 Corning Incorporated 4

5 Optical Fiber and Relevant Standards Single Mode 2016 Corning Incorporated 5

6 Optical Fiber and Relevant Standards Multimode 2016 Corning Incorporated 6

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9 Examples of Loose Tube Cables 2016 Corning Incorporated 9

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11 Example of Tight Buffered Cable 2016 Corning Incorporated 11

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14 Example of Ribbon Cable 2016 Corning Incorporated 14

15 Optical Fiber Cable Installation General Considerations 1 Ensure sufficient slack 2 Maintain minimum bend radius 3 Monitor Tension - Do not exceed the maximum specified tensile force for the cable 4 Care should be taken not to crush the cable 5 Cable may be placed in a Figure 8 pattern if it needs to be removed from the reel - This pattern minimizes the accumulation of cable twist 6 The cable should not be installed in environments exceeding its specified maximum and minimum installation temperature 7 Protect exposed cable 8 Follow bonding and ground procedures when using fiber cable with metallic components 2016 Corning Incorporated 15

16 20 Introduction - What Is a Fiber Optic Splice? Splice The permanent or temporary joining of two fibers together, without the permanent installation of a coupling device on the end of either fiber 2016 Corning Incorporated 16

17 Types of Splices Fusion Splice The permanent joining of two bare fibers by physically fusing the two ends together to form one continuous waveguide Mechanical Splice The temporary joining of two bare fibers by abutting the two ends together within a coupling device that is not permanently attached to either fiber 2016 Corning Incorporated 17

18 Why Splice Versus Terminate? 2016 Corning Incorporated 18

19 Where are Splices Used? 2016 Corning Incorporated 19

20 Splicing Applications 2016 Corning Incorporated 20

21 Splice Specifications 2016 Corning Incorporated 21

22 Safety Considerations Some precautions and care must be exercised when preparing and fusing fibers All loose fiber pieces should be controlled and properly disposed of Fusion splicing involves a high- voltage electric arc, and should not be attempted in explosive environments Many machines have exposed electrodes that can pose shock hazard for operators The power alignment methods, as well as testing instruments inject laser radiation into the fiber which can create permanent damage if the end of an active fiber is held too close to the eye Therefore, never look closely into the end of a fiber that may be under test (or even hot ) 2016 Corning Incorporated 22

23 Alignment of cores - Fiber geometry - Alignment methods End-face quality - Cleave angle - Cleave quality - Contamination Fusion arc - Stability - Current - Duration 30 Factors Affecting Splice Loss 2016 Corning Incorporated 23

24 Alignment of Cores Fiber Geometry 2016 Corning Incorporated 24

25 Alignment of Cores Alignment Methods 2016 Corning Incorporated 25

26 Mechanical Splice 2016 Corning Incorporated 26

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28 End-face quality 2016 Corning Incorporated 28

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34 40 Selecting Mechanical or Fusion Splicing 2016 Corning Incorporated 34

35 50 Fusion Splicing Check list 1 Protection glasses 2 Tables & Chairs 3 Tent(s) 4 Splice plan 5 Splice machine(s) and Splice Tool Kit(s) 6 Cleaver(s) 7 Stripping tools 8 Isopropyl alcohol (also called isopropanol) 9 Gel remover (for gel-filled fiber optic cables) 10 Heat-Shrink Fusion Splice Protectors 11 Cable tie-wraps 12 Vehicle (with AC or heating depending on season) 13 Fiber optic splicing aerial truck if project requires it 14 Ladders (aerial and deep trenches) 15 Contention plan in case of storm, bad weather, accident/incident, etc 16 Communication devices (cellular phones, walkie talkies, etc) & contacts list 17 First aid kit 2016 Corning Incorporated 35

36 Splicing Tools Sample 2016 Corning Incorporated 36

37 60 Splicing Critical Steps 2016 Corning Incorporated 37

38 Splicing Critical Steps - Planning 2016 Corning Incorporated 38

39 Splicing Critical Steps Work Area 2016 Corning Incorporated 39

40 Splicing Critical Steps Preparing the Fiber 2016 Corning Incorporated 40

41 Critical Steps Splicing 2016 Corning Incorporated 41

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47 60 Splicing Common mistakes 1 Splice crew is not familiar with hardware installation / lack of training 2 Working on a rush mood 3 Defective splice machine (ie lack of maintenance/calibration) 4 Defective cleaver 5 Lack of resources (human and/or equipment) 6 Wrong assumptions regarding slack (fiber length installed in splice trays) 7 Using outdated splice plans/information 8 Wrong settings in splicer 2016 Corning Incorporated 47

48 70 Final Comments An interesting phenomenon occurs when splicing standard SM fibers manufactured with different manufacturing techniques (ie IVD and OVD) In the attached picture the line is apparent because of the difference in the index of refraction at the splice joint This line has not effect in splice quality 2016 Corning Incorporated 48

49 Conclusion Fusion splice loss is affected by many factors, some of which can be controlled or manipulated by splice technicians and some of which cannot Variations in glass geometry (MFD, core-clad concentricity) between fiber types, fiber manufacturers, and even within the tolerances of the same fiber type, can result in true splice losses exceeding 01 db 2016 Corning Incorporated 49

50 Questions? 2016 Corning Incorporated 50

51 Best Construction Practices and Splicing for Fiber Networks Simon Salamanca Sr Systems Engineer, Carrier Networks Engineering Services 07/26/2016

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