FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH MEASUREMENT AND DATA ANALYSIS

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2 FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH MEASUREMENT AND DATA ANALYSIS A symposium sponsored by ASTM Committees E-9 on Fatigue and E-24 on Fracture Testing AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS Pittsburgh, Pa., Oct ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION 738 S. J. Hudak, Jr., Southwest Research Institute, and R. J. BuccI, Alcoa Laboratories, editors ASTM Publication Code Number (PCN) AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa

3 Copyright by AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1981 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: NOTE The Society is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication. Printed in Baltimore. Md. July 1981

4 Foreword The Symposium on Fatigue Crack Growth Measurement and Data Analysis, sponsored by ASTM Committees E-9 on Fatigue and E-24 on Fracture Testing, was held in Pittsburgh, Pa., on Oct S. J. Hudak, Jr., Southwest Research Institute, and R. J. Bucci, Alcoa Laboratories, served as symposium chairmen and also edited this publication.

5 Related ASTM Publications Part-Through Crack Fatigue Life Prediction, STP 687 (1979), $26.25, Fatigue Mechanisms, STP 675 (1979), $65.00, Service Fatigue Lxjads Monitoring, Simulation, and Analysis, STP 671 (1979), $29.50, Cyclic Stress-Strain and Plastic Deformation Aspects of Fatigue Crack Growth, STP 637 (1977), $25.00, Fatigue Crack Growth Under Spectrum Loads, STP 595 (1976), $34.50, Effect of Load Spectrum Variables on Fatigue Crack Initiation and Propagation, STP 714 (1980), $27.00, Crack Arrest Methodology and Applications, STP 711 (1980), $44.75, Fracture Mechanics, STP 700 (1980), $53.25, Flaw Growth and Fracture, STP 631 (1977), $49.75, Commercial Opportunities for Advanced Composites, STP 704 (1980), $13.50, Nondestructive Evaluation and Flaw Criticality for Composite Materials, STP 696 (1979), $34.50, Evaluations of the Elevated Temperature Tensile and Creep Rupture Properties of 12 to 27 Percent Chromium Steels, DS 59 (1980), $24.00,

6 A Note of Appreciation to Reviewers This publication is made possible by the authors and, also, the unheralded efforts of the reviewers. This is a body of technical experts whose dedication, sacrifice of time and effort, and collective wisdom in reviewing the papers must be acknowledged. The quality level of ASTM publications is a direct function of their respected opinions. On behalf of ASTM we acknowledge with appreciation their contribution. ASTM Committee on Publications

7 Editorial Staff Jane B. Wheeler, Managing Editor Helen M. Hoersch, Senior Associate Editor Helen P. Mahy, Senior Assistant Editor Allan S. Kleinberg, Assistant Editor

8 Contents Introduction GENERAL TEST PROCEDURES Development of a Proposed ASTM Standard Test Method for Near- Threshold Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Measurement R. J. BUCCI 5 Influence of Various Parameters on the Determination of the Fatigue Crack Arrest Threshold c. AMZALLAG, P. RABBE, C. BATHIAS, D. BENOIT, AND M. TRUCHON 29 Discussion 43 Specimen Size Considerations in Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Testing L. A. JAMES 45 Automatic Decreasing Stress-Intensity Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Testing Using Low-Cost Circuitry R. C. BROWN AND N. E. DOWLING 58 An Evaluation of the Round Compact Specimen for Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Testing L. A. JAMES AND W. I. MILLS 70 REMOTE CRACK MONITORING TECHNIQUES Procedures for Precision Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Using Crack-Opening Displacement Techniques G. R. YODER, L. A. COOLEY, AND T. W. CROOKER 85 Discussion 101 An Assessment of A-C and D-C Potential Systems for Monitoring Fatigue Crack Growth R. P. WEI AND R. L. BRAZILL 103 Quantitative Measurements of the Growth Kinetics of Small Fatigue Cracks in loni Steel R. P. GANGLOFF 120 Detecting Acoustic Emission During Cyclic Crack Growth in Simulated BWR Environment H. NAKAJIMA, T. SHOJI, M. KIKUCHI, H. NIITSUMA, AND M. SHINDO 139 Discussion 159

9 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND REPRESENTATION OF DATA Statistical Analysis of Fatigue Crack Growth F. BASTENAIRE, H.-p. LIEURADE, L. REGNIER, AND M. TRUCHON 163 Analysis of Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Data from Different Laboratories i. T. FONG AND N. E. DOWLING 171 Effect of Aa-Increment on Calculating da/dn from a versus N Data D. F. OSTERGAARD, I. R. THOMAS, AND B. M. HILLBERRY 194 Discussion 203 An Analysis of Several Fatigue Crack Growth Rate (FCGR) Descriptions M. S. MILLER AND J. P. GALLAGHER 205 ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS Prediction of Structural Crack Growth Behavior under Fatigue Loading s. w. HOPKINS AND C. A. RAU, JR. 255 A Practical Probabilistic Method for Evaluating the Fall-Safeness of Structures that May Fail Due to Fatigue i. R. GEBMAN AND P. C. PARIS 271 The Use of Fatigue Crack Growth Technology in Fracture Control Plans for Nuclear Components w. H. BAMFORD AND D. P. JONES 281 Fatigue Considerations for Steel Bridges i. M. BARSOM 300 APPENDIXES Appendix I ASTM Method E T 321 Appendix II Proposed ASTM Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates 340 SUMMARY Summary 359 Index 367

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