Milan air quality: analysis and prospective

Transcription

1 Milan air quality: analysis and prospective Guido Lanzani Head of Air Quality Unit Environmental Monitoring Area Arpa Lombardia La calidad del aire urbano: diagnóstico y respuestas Madrid May 9, 2017

2 Milano and Lombardia: Where and how many Lombardia Region Milan conurbation City of Milan Inhabitants: 9,9 milion Population density: 419inab/km2 Inhabitants: 3,6 milion Population density: 3141inab/km2 Inhabitants: 1,3 milion Population density:7.272inab/km 2 Po Valley: closed by mountains exceeding 2500 m a.s.l. on three sides Meteorological conditions often adverse to air pollution dispersion Guido Lanzani La calidad del aire urbano: diagnóstico y respuestas Madrid May 9,

3 Air Quality Concentrations are decreasing but: Widespread PM10 daily limit exceedances (70-80 every year) NO2 annual limit exceedances, especially in traffic stations (2016 annual mean from 43 to 67 µg/m3) B(a)P standard non achieved where wood burning is more diffuse(outside downtown) Widespread exceedances of both health and vegetation Ozone protection standards (above all leeward of the town) 3

4 Primary PM10 emissions by fuel (tons/year) 47% 14% 10% 23% 22% 21% 4

5 NOx emissions by fuel (tons/year) 59% 17% 66% 24% 5

6 B(a)P emissions by fuel (tons/year) Lombardia region Open combustions 9% Industry (not wood) Pizza ovens 5% 3% Biomass industrial boilers 6% Trasport - diesel 2% Other 5% Wood combustion for domestic heating is the first source of BaP Wood combustion is important also from a toxicological point of view Wood Stoves and fireplaces 70% Guido Lanzani La calidad del aire urbano: diagnóstico y respuestas Madrid May 9, 2017

7 Milan PM composition Urban background station annual average PM10 PM2.5 from AIRUSE LIFE+ project Guido Lanzani La calidad del aire urbano: diagnóstico y respuestas Madrid May 9,

8 Milan PM composition Urban background station annual average PM10 PM2.5 from AIRUSE LIFE+ project The scale of secondary PM is the whole basin Local actions are not very effective for secondary PM It is necessary to limit precursors emissions, too 8 Agriculture is the most important source of ammonia

9 PRIA: Regional plan of actions on air quality TRANSPORT AND MOBILITY 40 measures Big LEZ: limitations up to euro 3 diesel cars Area C in Milan centre Bikes and car sharing 2 new underground lines Highway speed limits reduction (under study) STATIONARY SOURCES 37 measures Promotion of energy efficiency and rational use of energy Wood combustion rules and limitations Industrial plants and waste treatment: BAT and limitations to resettle of new plants AGRICULTURAL AND BREEDING SECTOR 14 measures Anaerobic digestion of manure and direct injection in the field examples 9

10 Latest news Updating regional plan Set of additional measures for high pollution episodes 10

11 Some insights: LEZ and Area C LEZ in Conurbation Limitation up to Euro 3 diesel car Area of 3.6 million of inhabitants Important emissions reduction and speed up fleet renewal AREA C in city center Pay 5 to enter in city center Access denied up Euro 4 diesel car (from ) Important traffic reduction (-30% ) in the area interested Primary pollutants reduction (ex. BC) in the area interested Important to promote other actions (bike sharing; car sharing) 11

12 Some insights: bike sharing

13 Some insights: cycling Cycle routes: from 28 km of 1993 to 167 of 2013 (data from Milano Urban Mobilty Plan) Safety during cycling Security of parking cycle paths and cycle routes existing and planned Not all is simple!!

14 Some insights: car sharing Different private companies High offer (1600 cars) quite cheap & simple You can find the nearer car by smartphone Public contribution: free parking, free Area C entrance More than subscribers

15 Speed limits limitations (under study) Decrease of limits on highways (es. from 130 to 110 km/h) Efficient in reducing NOx emission and (partially) PM10 emissions Not popular Quite difficult enforcement (but «tutor» system is very effective) Decrease of limits in city center (from 50 km/h to 30 km/h) Tailpipe exhaust emissions can increase Decrease in resuspension Decrease in tyres and brake emissions (Decrease in noise) (Possible increase in the quality of the conurbation) Not always popular Difficult enforcement 15

16 Traffic total ban as emergency action Christmas Holiday Total Ban The last episode: Milano, 28, dec after more than 30 days of consecutive exceedings: TOTAL BAN from 10 am to 16 pm

17 Traffic total ban as emergency action Christmas Holiday Total Ban Concentrations much more correlated to meteorological conditions! The decrease of traffic for the Christmas Holiday more widespread

18 Traffic total ban as emergency action Not (so) efficient or effective BUT: Great attention from the media (more than 500 interviews in 3 days, national media included) Important increase in public awareness Air quality has returned to the center of political discussion Guido Lanzani La calidad del aire urbano: diagnóstico y respuestas Madrid May 9, 2017

19 Wood burning Key challenges Cultural: Wood burning is seen as bio green environmental friendly We always used it, since ancient times! Climate change aspects: Wood burning is incentivated for climate change reasons Economical: Now heating by wood costs half than by methane or oil light Technological: It is necessary to develop new products really compatible with air quality

20 Wood burning What does Air Quality Plan include? Limitation of the use of the worst and oldest stoves and fireplaces In Milano wood burning is forbidden from to 15.4 in stoves and fireplaces with a yield <63% or CO emissions > 0,5% (ref. 13% O2) Rules on installation, maintenance and control Regulatory measures for stoves and fireplaces regarding their installation, maintenance and control Identification of emission classes Different PM10 and NOx classes of emissions are defined It is the base for future policies of bans and incentives

21 Summary and Conclusions It is necessary to work on all the sources (agriculture and wood combustion included) Traffic remain (one of) the most important sources Diesel (for cars and trucks) is particular relevant It is necessary a structural approach Short term measures can be useful to increase public awareness and to drive structural actions Technological improvements can reduce traffic emissions but The decrease of the kilometers done must be pursued The availability of public service is a key factor Guido Lanzani La calidad del aire urbano: diagnóstico y respuestas Madrid May 9,

22 Gracias por su atencion