Flemish Government The Environment, Nature and Energy Department Division Air, Nuisance, Risk management, Environment & Health

Transcription

1 Flemish Government The Environment, Nature and Energy Department Division Air, Nuisance, Risk management, Environment & Health The Flemish NOx and PM 10 plan Tuesday 8 th of October 2013 Jasper Wouters

2 Contents 1. Emissions 2. Air quality 3. Regional measures 4. Local measures 5. Conclusions

3 1. EMISSIONS

4 Flemish emissions PM 10 (ton/year)!! Diffuse dust emissions industry (storage and handling) NOT estimated Source: VMM

5 Flemish emissions NO x (ton/year) Source: VMM

6 Spread of the NOx-emissions in Flanders and port of Antwerp Source: VITO

7 2. AIR QUALITY

8 Air quality in Flanders and Port of Antwerp: PM 10 Modelled chance of exceedance of the PM 10 - daily limit value in 2011 (Source: VMM)

9 Air quality in Flanders and Port of Antwerp: PM 2.5 Modelled yearly mean PM concentration in 2010 (Source: VMM)

10 Contribution of the different emission sources: PM 10 - Flanders Contribution to mean measured PM 10 : Flanders = 23% abroad = 61% However: the Flemish dust doesn t either stay within the borders! 16% 16% Sources out of Europe + natural sources Flemish antropogenic sources 45% 23% European antropogenic sources Model assumptions Source: MIRA, 2010

11 Contribution of the different emission sources: PM 10 - Flanders Contribution of the different sources (primary and secondary emissions) to the measured PM 10 -concentrations in Flanders Trade & Services; 1% Transport; 16% Households; 10% Industry; 16% 16% 45% 16% 23% Agriculture; 54% Energy; 3% Source: MIRA, 2010

12 Air quality in Flanders and Port of Antwerp: yearly mean NO Source: VMM

13 3. REGIONAL MEASURES

14 Flemish Sanitation plans PM 10 Since the limit values are exceeded from 2005 onwards Secondary dust (= dust formed by chemical reaction of NO x, SO 2, VOC, NH 3 ) and NO 2 : Flemish NEC-program (NEC = National Emission Ceiling, from the European NEC- directive): measures to reduce SO 2, NO x, NH 3 and VOC + revised Protocol of Göteborg (includes PM 2.5 ) Primary dust (= dust emitted as PM): Flemish Dust plan (2005): general measures for all sources and focus on hotspot zones Plans at industrial hotspots, among which Port of Antwerp and Port of Ghent (2007 and 2008) Extra traffic measures

15 Flemish Sanitation plan NO 2 In accordance with art. 22 of the Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC, to get postponement till 2015 for the NO 2 yearly limit value Postponement has been approved

16 Flemish Sanitation plan NO2

17 Flemish Sanitation plan NO 2 Ton NOx / year NOx-emissions 2010, calculated in 2001 Real NOxemissions in 2010 Transport Total Focus on transport!!!

18 Policy to the different emission sources - Industry Stringent general emission limit value dust (20 mg/nm³) All combustion plants: new emission norms (PM, NO x ) from 2008 (for big plants in some cases more stringent than industrial emissions directive) Refineries: more stringent bubble (for whole refinery) emission norms from 2010 on for PM, SO 2 and NO x, more stringent norms for crackers since 2005 Electricity sector: convenant / agreement ( , extended till 2014) with commitments for SO 2 and NO x Chemistry and glass sector: convenant for further limitation of NO x -emissions

19 Policy to the different emission sources - Industry Small combustion plants and engines: stringer limit values for dust and NOx, especially for small ( 1 MWth) combustion plants on biomass (from 2014 onwards) Extra measures for fugitive dust emissions (from storage and handling): based on Flemish study on BAT (from 2014 onwards) Financial support for off-road mobile machinery with low emission standards or driven by electricity

20 Policy to the different emission sources - Traffic General local policy: Global mobility policy Masterplan Antwerp: modal shift (to train and ship) also possible in concession contracts Vehicle registration tax based on CO 2 emissions and Eurostandard; reform of annual car tax planned Road charging for trucks from 2016 onwards Field test for road charging for cars Ecofriendly transport in port and city centre, eventually low emission zone Green logistics Incentives for cars driven by electricity and natural gas Local circulation plans Flemish subsidy for soot filters on cars and trucks Spatial measures (layout of roads and buildings, )

21 Policy to the different emission sources - Traffic High ways: Speed limitation under smog-conditions Dynamic traffic management Streets in industrial zones: dust cleaning

22 Velocity limitation till 90 km/h at certain parts of the highway in periods of smog-alarm since 2007 Policy to the different emission sources - Traffic Smog-alarm = minimal 2 consecutive days concentration PM 10 > 70 µg/m3

23 6. Policy to the different emission sources - Traffic... EC (Elementary Carbon diesel soot) reductions up till 30 %!! Source : VITO - Lefebvre et al. (2009)

24 Policy to the different emission sources - Navigation Measures inland shipping Emission norms are developed at EU level Financial support of modernisation motors and retrofit of Flemish inland ships Support of shore-side electricity and LNG Low-S fuel Measures sea shipping Most important measures at international (Marpol) and EU level Non competition disturbing measures reflected with ports: e.g. lower taxes for ecofriendly ships, low S fuel, shore-side electricity, LNG, ESI Environmental Shipping Index: Developed on request of the ports of Le Havre, Antwerp, Rotterdam, Bremen and Hamburg Range (100 = no emissions of SO2 and NOx) Differentiation of port taxes on the base of ESI

25 4. LOCAL MEASURES

26 Exceedances of air quality limit values are often caused by local sources: Traffic in street canyons: exhaust emissions and resuspension Industry: chimney emissions and diffuse emissions from storage and handling Wood burning Local measures Agricultural emissions Local action plans are intended to solve these local problems See next presentations about city and port of Antwerp

27 5. CONCLUSIONS

28 Flanders = hot spot in Europe Reasons (a.o.): Conclusions Flanders is a strongly urbanized region with many cities, high population density, dense road network, a lot of industry Vicinity of Northern France, Southern Netherlands, Western Germany a lot of transboundary air pollution (PM 10 ) But: Flanders exports air pollution too!! Antwerp = hot spot in Flanders Reasons (a.o.): A lot of emissions (PM, NO x, SO x, VOC) from industry and energy sector Diffuse emissions from storage and handling A lot of road traffic and shipping Dense population

29 Conclusions Extra measures are needed: International and regional: Reduction of transboundary primary PM and the precursors NO x, SO x, NH 3 and VOC European legislation needed (revised Protocol of Göteborg, NEC) Local sources can have a great impact too: Investigation of the impact of local sources on the measured concentrations and exposure of the population is important Selection of most cost-effective measures in the different sectors

30 Any questions? Division Air, Nuisance, Risk management, Environment & Health Koning Albert II-laan 20 bus Brussel, Belgium Tel (secr) lucht@milieuinfo.be