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1 MSU Extensin Publicatin Archive Archive cpy f publicatin, d nt use fr current recmmendatins. Up-t-date infrmatin abut many tpics can be btained frm yur lcal Extensin ffice. Fertilizer Studies with Irrigated Ptates Michigan State University Agricultural Experiment Statin and Cperative Extensin Service Research Reprt Maurice L. Vitsh, Crp and Sil Sciences Issued September pages The PDF file was prvided curtesy f the Michigan State University Library Scrll dwn t view the publicatin.

2 September 1971 REPORT 142 FARM SCIENCE FROM THE MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION EAST LANSING Fertilizer Studies with Irrigated Ptates

3 Fertilizer Studies with Irrigated Ptates by Maurice L. Vitsh Department f Crp and Sil Sciences Cver: Sil fertility research area n ptates at the Mntcalm Experimental Farm. INTRODUCTION potato PRODUCTION IN Michigan has cntinued t increase despite a decline f nearly 8,000 acres in the past five years ( ). During this same time average yields rse frm 189 t a recrd f 246 hundredweight per acre. Irrigatin, better weed, insect and disease cntrl and increased fertilizer use have cntributed t the increased prductin. The successful ptat grwer must have sme knwledge f fertilizer materials, their reactins in sils and when t use them fr best results. This reprt presents research infrmatin which may be used t develp a sund and ecnmical sil management and fertilizer prgram. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Mntcalm Experimental Fann In 1967 experiments were established at the Mntcalm Experimental Farm lcated in ne f Michigan's majr ptat prducing areas. The experiments were established n a McBride sandy lam sil t evaluate surces, rates, placement and time f fertilizer applicatins n yield, quality and plant nutrient cmpsitin f irrigated ptates. Initial sil tests are reprted in Table 1. A three year rtatin f ptates, red kidney beans and sweet crn was established. All experiments, except zinc, were laid ut in a randmized cmplete blck split-plt design with fur replicatins, tw varieties and 5 r 10 fertilizer 2

4 Table 1. Initial sil tests fr the surface sil at the Mntcalm Experimental Farm Sil ph Bray P1 Phsphrus Exchangeable Ptassium Exchangeable Calcium Exchangeable Magnesium Available Zinc in O.lN HC1 (a) Punds per acre is equivalent t parts per 2 millin lb/a (a) 249 lb/a 837 lb/ A 161 lb/ A 6 ppm treatments. One-half f each plt was planted t Russet Burbank and the ther half t Sebag. Untreated whle seed (B size) was planted in early May in 32-in. rws with 14 and 10-in. seed spacing fr the Russet Burbank and Sebag varieties, respectively. Weeds were cntrlled with 2 lb. f Linurn (Lrx) applied as a preemerge herbicide. The plants were hilled when they were in. tall. A general spray prgram f insecticides and fungicides was initiated in June and cntinued weekly fr the rest f the seasn. Yields were harvested in late September r early Octber. Specific gravity determinatins were made by the hydrmeter methd (11). Climatlgical infrmatin was recrded daily thrughut the grwing seasn. Rainfall fr April thrugh September during was 17.3, 17.1 and 25.4 in., respectively. All experiments received supplemental irrigatin when sil misture tentimeters indicated less than 50% available sil misture. Apprximately 8.6, 8.4 and 7.2 in. f irrigatin water were used during this same perid. Nitrgen Studies The basic fertilizer treatment fr these studies was 100 lb. f P and 200 lb. f K 2 0 per acre banded 2 in. t the side and slightly belw the seed at planting time. In 1970 the phsphrus applicatin was increased t 150 lb. Treatments fr the nitrgen rate, placement and time f applicatin study are shwn in Table 2. Nitrgen, applied as ammnium nitrate, was either bradcast n a rye cver crp and plwed under befre planting, banded at planting r sidedressed just prir t hilling. Five nitrgen surces (ammnium nitrate, ammnium sulfate, calcium nitrate, urea and anhydrus ammnia) were als studied. All surces except anhydrus ammnia were applied in split applicatins. Sixty-five punds f N were banded at planting and lb. sidedressed befre hilling. All f the anhydrus ammnia was sidedressed. T eliminate differences due t time f applicatin, all nitrgen surces in 1970 were applied after planting but prir t emergence. The dry materials were tpdressed, while anhydrus ammnia was knifed-in between the rws at a rate f 200 lb. f N per acre. Ptassium Studies The fertilizer fr these experiments cnsisted f lb. f Nand 100 lb. f P per acre. The nitrgen applicatin was increased t 180 lb. in 1969 and 210 lb. in Phsphrus was als increased in 1970 t 150 lb. P per acre. Ptassium applied as muriate Table 2. Effect f rate, methd and time f nitrgen applicatin n yield f irrigated Russet Burbank and Sebag ptates Nitrgen Applicatin (a) Russet Burbank Sebag Brad- Side- Overall cast Banded dressed Ttal Average Average Average lb N/A Ttal Yield (cwt/ A) , Least Significant Difference (.05) (a) Applied as ammnium nitrate bradcast and plwed dwn prir t planting, banded 2 in. t the side and slightly belw the seed at planting r sidedressed at billing time. 3

5 f ptash (0-0-) was either tpdressed in the fall, bradcast and plwed dwn in the spring r banded 2 in. t the side and slightly belw the seed at planting time. Petile samples were cllected frm leaves (furth leaf frm the grwing tip) in each plt at varius stages f grwth. In the samples were ashed accrding t the Jacksn (6) prcedure and analyzed fr ptassium, calcium and magnesium with an atmic absrptin spectrphtmeter. Petile samples in were analyzed by ttal emissin spectrgraphy. Zinc Studies This experiment was established as a split-blck design with fur replicatins, five zinc treatments and tw sil phsphrus levels. The high phsphrus level was established with a bradcast applicatin f 687 lb. f P per acre n ne-half f each replicatin. The lw phsphrus treatment received n bradcast phsphrus. The zinc materials used in the study were zinc sulfate, AZC CI00 and AZC 12. The AZC materials were basic slag by-prducts cmpsed f zinc xides and silicates submitted by the American Zinc Cmpany fr evaluatin. The treatments were as fllws: n zinc, an initial bradcast applicatin f 25 and 50 lb. f Zn as zinc sulfate and AZC CI00, respectively; and 5 lb. f Zn banded annually as AZC 12 and zinc sulfate. Basic fertilizer was 65, 50 and 200 lb. f N, P and K 2 0 per acre banded, respectively. Additinal nitrgen was sidedressed prir t hilling. The Russet Burbank variety was used in this study. Mnre Cunty Experiment In 1970 an experiment was established n a Chelsea lamy sand in Mnre Cunty. The experiment included tw irrigatin levels, three levels f sidedress nitrgen and tw varieties. Basic fertilizer was 300 lb. f 0-0- bracast and plwed dwn in the spring and 800 lb. f banded at planting. A nrmal irrigatin level (4 in. f water during July - September) and an excessive irrigatin level (5 in. f water June 12 when the plants were in. tall, plus 4 in. f water fr the rest f the seasn) were established. Sidedress applicatins f ammnium nitrate at rates f 0, 75 and 150 lb. f N per acre were applied just prir t irrigatin in June. Haig and Nrchip varieties were planted May 20 in 36-in. rws with 13-in spacing and harvested Octber 15, Rainfall fr the area was 7.0, 4.0, 1.9 and 2.6 in. fr June-September, respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Rate, Placement and Time f Nitrgen Applicatin The effect f rate, placement and time f nitrgen applicatin n yield and specific gravity f irrigated ptates is presented in Tables 2 and 3. In 1967 yields were depressed due t inadequate misture, but specific gravity was higher than usual. Hawkins (4) fund specific gravity t be lwer when misture was inadequate, especially at high rates f nitrgen. Significant yield respnses were limited t the first tw increments f nitrgen. Russet Burbank and Sebag varieties respnded similarily. The highest yields were btained when lb. f N were banded and lb. sidedressed. Bth banded and sidedress applicatins were superir t the bradcast methd (Figure 1). Similar findings were reprted by Hawkins (3) and Sltanpur (12). <! u W >= J 2 0 w (9 <! a:: 220 W > <! 200 /,,/,,/ 1// 0--0 lb N/A BANDED + SIDEDRESS N 6--6 lb N/A BANDED + BROADCAST N 0--0 BROADCAST N I,' I,,/ I,/ --_ I.,... I... I... I..., " ",,.. I I I I,/.0./,.. I ',..,..,/, I ',/ f / I,/ / 180 TOTAL N APPLIED (lb/a) Fig. 1. A verage ttal yield f irrigated Russet Burbank and Sebag ptates as affected by rate, placement and time f nitrgen applicatin.,6 4

6 Table 3. Effect f rate, methd and time f nitrgen applicatin n specific gravity f irrigated Russet Burbank and Sebag ptates Nitrgen Applicatin (a) Russet Burbank Sebag Brad- Sidecast Banded dressed Ttal Average Average Overall Average lb N/A Specific Gravity , , Least Significant Difference (.05) NS NS NS NS NS NS (a) Applied as ammnium nitrate bradcast and plwed dwn prir t planting, banded 2 in. t the side and slightly belw the seed at planting r sidedressed at billing time. Much f the nitrgen applied early in the seasn may have been lst by leaching. Sidedress nitrgen was mre readily available t the ptat crp later in the seasn when the crp required it. Sltanpur (13) fund that maximum uptake f nitrgen by ptates ccured t 90 days after planting. Nitrgen shuld be plentiful at this stage f grwth and nt depleted fr several weeks. Maximum uptake by tubers ccurs later in the seasn, hwever, nearly all f this nitrgen is translcated frm the vines. Specific gravity f tubers was nt significantly affected by rate, placement and time f nitrgen applicatin. Hwever, excessive use f nitrgen may delay maturity and lwer specific gravity (4). sil, plus transpiratin frm plants) is minimal can cause cnsiderable nitrgen lsses n sandy sils. If much f the nitrgen has been leached belw 2 ft., a sidedress applicatin r nitrgen applied thrugh the irrigatin system may be very beneficial. nes ) (9 inc. a tion l1es ) Irrlg (4 inc 'n 'ga Irr tl l Nitrgen Leaching Study A study was initiated in Mnre Cunty n Chelsea lamy sand t evaluate the effect f tw irrigatin levels and three rates f sidedressed nitrgen n yield f Haig and Nrchip varieties. Since varieties did nt respnd differently, yields were cmbined and are shwn graphically (Figure 2). The lss f nitrgen is related t the amunt f water filtering thrugh the sil. The 112 lb. f N applied at planting time was nearly sufficient fr maximum prductin n the nrmal irrigatin treatment. Hwever, with excessive irrigatin an additinal 150 lb. f sidedress nitrgen was required t btain the same yield. High rainfall r excessive irrigatin early in the seasn when evaptranspiratin (evapratin frm a Ld 200 >...J ;:! w (!) <l: 0:: W SIDEDRESS NITROGEN (lb.n/a) Fig. 2. A verage yield f Haig and N rchip ptat varieties as affected by rate f sidedress nitrgen and irrigatin level (Mnre C. 1970). 5

7 Nitrgen Surces Many studies have been cnducted t evaluate the effect f nitrgen surces n crp prductin. Lrenz and Jhnsn (7) reprted that ammnium sulfate was a much better surce f nitrgen fr ptates than calcium nitrate r sdium nitrate. These studies were cnducted n slightly alkaline carse-textured sils in Califrnia. The residual acidity prduced by ammnium sulfate increased the water-sluble phsphate in the sil resulting in better phsphrus uptake. A study was initiated at the Mntcalm Experimental Farm t evaluate five nitrgen surces n yield and specific gravity f ptates. Yield results are shwn in Table 4. Sme variability due t time f applicatin and placement was bserved, hwever the differences were nt significant. Equal yields were btained with all nitrgen surces. Specific gravity was nt affected. Cntinued use f these nitrgen fertilizers shuld result in sil ph changes, which may ultimately affect yields and specific gravity. methd at the lb. rate. Fur years f data were nt available fr the fall applied ptassium treatment, but equal yield respnses were btained in «... 3 '-" 300 r -.J «t- 250 w (.!) <! Table 4. Effect f nitrgen surces n yield f irrigated Russet Burbank and Sebag ptates Surce f Nitrgen (a) 1967 Ttal Yield (cwt/ A) Russet Burbank Ammnium Sulfate (20.5 % N) Ammnium Nitrate (33.5 % N) Calcium Nitrate (16% N) Urea (45% N) Anhydrus Ammnia (82% N) Ammnium Sulfate (20.5 % N) Ammnium Nitrate (33.5 % N ) Calcium Nitrate (16% N) Urea (45% N) Anhydrus Ammnia (82 % N) Sebag 340 3lO NS NS NS NS Least Significant Difference (.05) (a) Average Applied at rates f 125 lb N / A in and 200 lb N / A in Rate, Placement and Time f Ptassium Applicatin In this study yield differences, specific gravity and plant nutrient cmpsitin f ptates at varius rates f ptassium fertilizer using three methds f applicatin were measured. Significant yield respnses were limited t the first tw increments f ptassium applied (Table 5). In 1967 the highest yields were btained with lb. f K2 0 per acre, hwever, in 1969 the highest yields were btained with 480 lb. The Sebag variety respnded better t larger amunts f ptassium than Russet Burbank. Differences due t placement are nt readily apparent (Figure 3). Bradcasting appears t be superir at the and lb. rate, while banding was the best 6 0::: w 200 ri r APPLIED POTASSIUM (Ib K20/A) Fig. 3. Average yield f irrigated Russet Burbank and Sebag ptates as affected by rate and placement f ptassium ( ). Prper placement f ptassium has been f interest fr many years. Cummings and Hugland (2) studied 13 methds f ptassium placement frm Placement immediately under, abve r mixed with the sil arund the seed piece delayed emergence f the spruts and smetimes reduced yields. Prper placement was fund t be in bands 2 in. t the side and slightly belw the seed. Hawkins (5) fund that sidedressing ne half f the ptassium resulted in slightly better yields than when all f the ptassium was banded. Ptat quality as measured by specific gravity shws significant decrease with increasing rates f ptassium (Table 6). Similar results have been reprted by ther wrkers (8, 10, 15). Specific gravity was nt significantly affected by methd f applicatin. Plant analysis, in additin t sil testing, is becming a valuable tl fr assessing tlle fertilizer require-

8 Table 5. Effect f rate and placement f ptassium n yield f irrigated Russet Burbank and Sebag ptates Ptassium Applicatin (a) Russet Burbank Sebag Brad- Overall cast Banded Ttal Average Average Average 3 F (b) Ttal Yield (cwt/a) Least Significant Difference (.05) (a) Applied as muriate f ptash ( % KO) either bradcast and plwed dwn prir t planting r banded 2 in. t the side and slightly belw the seed at planting time. (b) Muriate f ptash applied t a rye cver crp in the fall preceding ptates. Table 6. Effect f rate and placement f ptassium n specific gravity f irrigated Russet Burbank and Sebag ptates Ptassium Applicatin (a) Bradcast Banded Ttal 1967 Russet Burbank (b) Average Sebag (b) Average Overall Average F (c) , Specific Gravity Least Significant Difference (.05) (a) (b) (c) Applied as muriate f ptash ( % K20) either bradcast and plwed dwn prir t planting r banded 2 in. t the side and slightly belw the seed at planting time. Specific gravity data fr 1968 are nt available. Muriate f ptash applied t a rye cver crp in the fall preceding ptates. ments f ptates. Interpreting plant analyses is difficult because nutrient cmpsitin varies with sampling time and the plant part selected fr analysis. The ptassium, calcium and magnesium cntent f petiles at varius stages f grwth are recrded in Table 7. Early in the seasn the ptassium cntent f petiles was very high regardless f the ptassium treatments. As the seasn prgressed, the ptassium cntent decreased, while calcium and magnesium increased. The ppsite trend was bserved with increasing rates f ptassium (Figure 4). A great deal f variability existed frm year t year (96-day sampling in 1967 vs 97-day sampling in 1968). Figure 5 is based n the yields in Table 5 and the ptassium cntent values in Table 7. The sufficiency range was btained by pltting the ptassium cntent against the percent f maximum yield fr each year and adjusting t average yearly cnditins. All yields abve the 95% maximum level were included in the sufficiency range. Ptassium values belw r abve 7

9 Table 7. Effect f ptassium fertilizer and sampling date n nutrient cntent f ptat leaf petiles Punds K 20 (a) Midseasn per acre days days days days days days days Average (b ) % Ptassium Least Significant Difference (.05) % Calcium Least Significant Difference (.05) NS NS NS NS NS % Magnesium , Least Significant Difference (.05) NS NS NS (a) All ptassium treatments were banded except the 480 lb rate where 3 lb K20 per acre were bradcast and plwed dwn. (b) Average f the 76,, 62 and 71 day samplings fr , respectively. this range shuld prduce smething less than 95% f the maximum yield. The sufficiency range fr the midseasn average was 8-12% ptassium. Similar standards have been develped in Califrnia by Tyler and Lrenz (16). Zinc Study Zinc deficiency in ptates has been reprted n alkaline sils (1, 14). Bawn and Leggett (1) bserved phsphrus induced zinc deficiency n Russet Burbank ptates. A study was cnducted t evaluate several zinc surces at tw phsphrus levels. Yields were nt affected by the applicatin f zinc regardless f the phsphrus level r zinc material (Table 8). Sme yield depressin due t applied zinc was bserved at this lcatin with Charlevix red kidney beans in 1969 and Sanilac navy beans in Althugh Sanilac navy beans are mre sensitive t zinc deficiency than ther varieties r crps, they are als less tlerant f high zinc levels in sils (9). This sil initially cntained 6 ppm (parts per millin) f 0.1 N HCl extractable zinc. Sltanpur et al. (14) fund n zinc respnse n alkaline sils with mre than 5.5 ppm f extractable zinc. The use f zinc withut a sil test can lead a build up f this element in sils resulting in lng lasting detrimental effects. 8

10 0--0 POTASSIUM CALCIUM 0--0 MAGNESIUM 12.0 _ , z II.O ",.I' 1.2 / z 6., '" 0 I 0.0 I '" 1.0 () 9'OO")! :2 8.0 ",.I' '" «7.0f t f I I I I I I I f2! () SOIL APPLIED POTASSIUM (lb. K 2 0/A) cfl z 10.0 z u 8.0 :::> 6.0 C/) C/) <! a t..o Fig. 4. Ptassium, calcium and magnesium cntent f ptat petiles sampled at midseasn as affected by rate f sil applied ptassium SAMPLING DATE AFTER PLANTING Fig. 5. Suggested guide fr interpreting the ptassium cntent f ptat petiles taken frm the furth leaf frm the grwing tip at varius sampling dates. Table 8. Effect f zinc treatments at tw sil phsphrus levels n yield and specific gravity f irrigated Russet Burbank ptates Zinc Treatment Year Overall (lb Zn/A) Average High P (a) Lw P (b) Ttal Yield (cwt/ A) Nne lb (ZnSO, Bradcast) lb (AZCO ClOO Bradcast) lb (AZCO 12 Banded) lb (ZnSO, Banded) Least Significant Difference (,05) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS Specific Gravity Nne lb (ZnS04 Bradcast) lb (AZCO C100 Bradcast) lb (AZCO 12 Banded) lb (ZnS04 Banded) Least Significant Difference (,05) NS NS NS NS NS NS NS (a ) High P = 687 Ib P205 per acre bradcast prir t initiatin f the experiment. (b ) Lw P = 50 Ib P20 5 per acre banded each year. 9

11 SUMMARY Experiments were cnducted in Mntcalm and Mnre cunties t evaluate surce, rate, placement and time f fertilizer applicatin n yield, specific gravity and nutrient cmpsitin f ptates. The results f these studies are summarized as fllws: 1. Significant yield increases were btained with and lb. N per acre regardless f methd f applicatin. The highest yields were btained with Ib. f N banded and lb. sidedressed prir t hilling. Banded and sidedressed nitrgen were mre efficient than bradcast nitrgen plwed dwn prir t planting. 2. Specific gravity f tubers was nt significantly affected by rate, placement r time f nitrgen applicatin. 3. Russet Burbank and Sebag varieties respnded similarily t rate, placement and time f nitrgen applicatin. 4. The lss f nitrgen m sandy sils is related t the amunt f water filtering thrugh the sil. Excessive irrigatin r heavy rainfall early in the seasn when evaptranspiratin is minimal can cause cnsiderable nitrgen lsses n sandy sils. 5. Neither yields nr specific gravity were significantly affected by nitrgen surces. All surces gave equal yields when the rate, placement and time f applicatin were the same. 6. Significant yield increases were btained with ptassium up t lb. K 2 0 per acre n a sil having 249 lb. exchangeable ptassium per acre. All applicatin methds (fall, bradcast and banded) gave equal yields. 7. Specific gravity decreased with increasing rates f ptassium applied as muriate f ptash (KC1). Methd f applicatin did nt affect specific gravity. 8. The ptassium cntent f petiles taken frm the yungest mst fully develped leaves decreased frm 50 t 100 days after planting. Calcium and magnesium increased during the same perid. Increasing the ptassium fertilizer, increased the ptassium cntent, but lwered the calcium and magnesium cntent. 9. The ptassium sufficiency range fr a midseasn petile sampling (65 days after planting) was 8-12% ptassium. 10. Yields were nt affected by the applicatin f zinc regardless f the sil phsphrus level r zinc material. In the McBride sandy lam sil 6 ppm f O.IN Hel extractable zinc was sufficient fr ptimum prductin. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authr expresses his appreciatin t James Oaks and Keith Janssen fr supervisin and care f the crps, t E. C. Dll, R. J. Crabtree and C. Valverde fr cllectin f the data in , t the Internatinal Minerals and Chemical Crp. fr the emissin spectrgraphic plant analysis in , the American Zinc C. and t ther fertilizer cmpanies fr their supprt. 10

12 LITERA TUBE CITED 1. Bawn, L. C., and C. E. Leggitt (1963). Zinc deficiency f the Russet Burbank ptat. Sil Science 95: Cummings, C. A., and C. V. C. Hughland (1939). Fertilizer placement fr ptates. USDA Tech. Bull Hawkins, A. (1954). Time, methd f applicatin and placement f fertilizer fr efficient prductin f ptates in New England. Amer. Ptat]. 31: Hawkins, A. (1956). Respnse f ptates t fertilizer nitrgen in the Nrtheast. Amer. Ptat J. 33: Hawkins, A. (1965). New ways f fertilizing ptates. Amer. Ptat J. 42: Jacksn, M. L. (1958). Sil Chemical Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewd Cliffs, New Jersey. 7. Lrenz, O. A., and C. M. Jhnsn (1963). Nitrgen fertilizatin as related t the availability f phsphrus in certain Califrnia sils. Sil Science 75: Murphy, J. H., and M. T. Cven (1966). The last decade in 38 years f ptash studies fr ptat fertilizers in Maine. Amer. Ptat J. 43: Plsn, D. E., and M. W. Adams (1970). Differential respnse f navy beans (Phaselus vulgaris L.) t zinc. I. Differential grwth and elemental cmpsitin at excess Zn levels. Agrn. J. 62: Rwberry, R. C., C. C. Sherrell and C. R. Jhnsn (1963). Influence f rates f fertilizer and surce f ptassium n ptates. Amer. Ptat J. 40: Smith, O. (1950). Using the ptat hydrmeter in chsing ptates fr chipping. Natinal Ptat Chip Inst., Ptates, Article 12, Sltanpur, P. N. (1969a). Effect f nitrgen, phsphrus and zinc placement n yield and cmpsitin f ptates. Agrn. J. 61: Sltanpur, P. N. (1969b). Accumulatin f dry matter and N, P, K by Russet Burbank, Ormte and Red McClure ptates. Amer. Ptat J. 46: Sltanpur, P. N., J. O. Reuss, J. C. Walker, R. D. Heil, W. L. Lindsay, J. C. Hansen and A. J. Relyea (1970). Zinc experiments n ptates in the San Luis Valley f Clrad. Amer. Ptat J. 47 : Timm, H., and F. C. Merkle (1963). The influence f chlrides n yields and specific gravity f ptates. Amer. Ptat J. 40: Tyler, K. B., and. A. Lrenz (1962). Diagnsing nutrient needs in vegetables. Plant Testing (a special issue n plant analysis). The American Ptash Inst. Inc., Washingtn 6, D.C

13 Research Units f the Michigan Agricultural CD Upper Peninsula Experiment Statin. Chatham. Established Beef, dairy, sils and crps. In additin t the statin prper, there is the Jim Wells Frest. Dunbar Frest Experiment Statin, Sault Ste. Marie. Established 1925, frest management. Lake City Experiment Statin, Lake City. Established Breeding, feeding and management f beef cattle; and fish pnd prductin studies. W. K. Kellgg Farm and Bird Sanctuary, Hickry Crners, and W. K. Kellgg Frest, Augusta. Established Frest management, wildlife studies, mink and dairy nutritin. Fred Russ Frest, Cass pl is. Established Hardwd frest management. Ferden Farm, Chesaning. Plts established Sil management, with special emphasis n sugar beets. (Land Leased) * Graham Hrticultural Experiment Statin, Grand Rapids. Established Varieties, rchard sil management, spray methds. Michigan Agricultural Experiment Statin, Headquarters, 101 Agriculture Hall, MSU, East Lansing. Established Research wrk in all phases f Michigan agriculture and related fields. Muck Experimental Farm, Laingsburg. Plts established 1941, crp prductin practices n rganic Mntcalm Experimental Farm, Entrican. Established Research n crps fr prcessing, with special emphasis n ptates. (Land Leased) Sdus Hrticultural Experiment Statin, Sdus. Established Prductin f small fruit and vegetable crps. (Land Leased) Trevr Nichls Experimental Farm, Fennville. Established Studies related t fruit crp prductin with empt sis n pesticides research. Suth Haven Experiment Statin, Suth Haven. Established Breeding peaches, blueberries, apricts. Small fruit management. Saginaw Valley Beet and Bean Research Farm, Saginaw. Established Studies related t prductin f sugar beets and dry edible beans in rtatin prgrams M