The IEA methodology for energy efficiency indicators Roberta Quadrelli Head - Energy Balances, Prices, Emissions, Efficiency IEA Energy Data Centre
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1 The IEA methodology for energy efficiency indicators Roberta Quadrelli Head - Energy Balances, Prices, Emissions, Efficiency IEA Energy Data Centre INOGATE regional workshop Minsk, September 2015
2 Why do we want to develop end-use level indicators?
3 Overall energy supply and use: energy balance Energy balances provide aggregated information on the country energy picture Definition of Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) Base for high-level indicators (e.g. energy supply/gdp) Efficiencies of transformation sector Definition of Total Final Consumption (TFC) and shares by sector/sub-sector
4 From yesterday s discussion. Is Energy supply/gdp an indicator of energy efficiency? Yes No Maybe
5 Case study: understanding economic intensities across sectors
6 Case study: understanding intensities across sectors Q1. How has the total intensity of the economy evolved in time? Energy intensity: Energy consumption / Value added
7 Case study: understanding intensities across sectors Q2. Has any subsector decreased its intensity?
8 Case study: understanding intensities across sectors Q3. What is the reason for the trend in total intensity? Sectors of the economy Energy consumption Value Added Energy intensity Intensity change PJ billions of 2005$ PPP MJ/US$PPP National Total % Services % Industry %
9 Case study: understanding intensities across sectors Q3. What is the reason for the trend in total intensity? GDP shares The importance of disentangling efficiency improvements from structural changes of the economy
10 Overall intensity trends affected by structural changes of the economy
11 Total intensity depends on mix of activities (structure) Lower intensity economy
12 Describing energy efficiency indicators across sectors
13 Energy balance: high level information No breakdown by end use: - space heating - space cooling - water heating - lighting - cooking - appliances 2012 WORLD ENERGY BALANCE No breakdown by end use and by service category What most countries collect on a regular basis is limited to aggregated levels Coal & Peat Crude Oil Oil Products Gas Nuclear HydroGeoth/SolarComb. Ren.&Waste Electricity Heat Total OTHER SECTORS Residential Commercial (Services) Agriculture/Forestry Fishing Non-specified
14 but we need more disaggregated data to get the full picture * Temperature correction using heating degree days Data for IEA 20 (Australia, Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USA). Source: IEA energy indicators database.
15 Indicators: linking activity and energy across sectors generic energy efficiency indicator energy use activity $ Energy and activity data need to refer to the same boundaries
16 Activities vary across sectors Sector Activity Overall Residential Services (ideally by category) Transport Industry (by subsector) GDP Population Population Number of dwellings Floor area Number of appliances Value added Number of employees Floor area Passenger-kilometer Tonne-kilometer Value added Physical production process-level production $ Need to consider what data are available!
17 Selected * indicators for the residential sector For each end-use: Space heating* Space cooling* energy efficiency indicator energy activity Water heating Cooking Lighting Appliances (energy use, stock, diffusion) Refrigerator Freezer # of dwellings floor area (m²) Dishwasher Clothes washer Clothes dryer TV Computers * Temperature corrected, using HDD * Selection based on IEA template data collection
18 Residential sector indicators data example IEA Energy Efficiency Indicators: Fundamentals on Statistics, 2014
19 Temperature correction: heating degree days ⁰C 25 Average temperature ⁰C /Jan 2/Jan 3/Jan 4/Jan 5/Jan 6/Jan 7/Jan 8/Jan 9/Jan 10/Jan Heating degree-days 1/Jan~10/Jan = = 83 With colder weather, we use more energy for space heating (residential and services) -8
20 Selected * indicators for the services sector energy efficiency indicator energy activity For each end-use: Space heating* Space cooling* Lighting Other building use Non-building use * Temperature corrected, using HDD Value added ($) Floor area (m²) # of employees * Selection based on IEA template data collection
21 Selected * indicators for the industry sector For 19 major ISIC sub-sectors (by fuel type) energy efficiency indicator energy activity Value added ($) Physical production (t) Paper Chemicals Cement Iron/steel Aluminum * Selection based on IEA template data collection..
22 Industry sub-sectors 19 sub-sectors Chemical Iron and steel Non-ferrous metals Non-metallic minerals Pulp and paper... Etc. Ethylene Propylene BTX Basic Oxygen Furnace Electric Arc Furnace Direct Reduced Iron Aluminum Bauxite Alumina refining Cement Clinker Pulp Recovered paper Paper and paperboard Primary Recycled Chemical pulp Mechanical pulp Inked De-inked Newsprint Household sanitary Printing+writing energy balance: sub-sector energy efficiency: product type / process / sub-product
23 Industry sub-sectoral indicators examples: cement IEA, World Energy Outlook 2014
24 Selected * indicators for the transport sector By transport segment passenger / freight By Transport modes road, rail, air, water, etc. energy energy efficiency indicator activity Passenger-km or tonne-km Occupancy Vehicle stock Distance travelled Load factor * Selection based on IEA template data collection
25 Activity data needed for transport Activity and structure Stock of vehicles Vehicle-kilometres Passenger-kilometres Tonne-kilometres V-km = P-km = 2 vehicles * 5 km = 10 v-km 6 passengers * 5 km = 30 p-km Avg. load = p-km/v-km = 30 / 10 = 3 p/v
26 Transport sector indicators examples IEA Energy Efficiency Indicators: Essentials for policy-makers, 2014
27 Measuring transport energy efficiency E.g. What is the most efficient mode to go from Paris to London? Fuel Consumption Distance (Km) Passenger Energy Intensity (MJ/PKm) 6L / 100KM L / 100KM MWh / 100KM * Example based on several assumptions
28 Key message: what can be developed depends on availability of data Industry What data are available? Energy use + physical production by sub-sector (iron/steel, paper, etc)? Residential Services Transport Energy by end-use (space heating, appliance, etc)? Households, dwellings, floor area, degree-days, appliance stocks,? Energy by end-use Floor area, # of employees, value added? Energy use and activity data (pkm/tkm) by segment (passenger/freight) and mode (road, air, ) by vehicle type?
29 Sharing the IEA tools on energy efficiency indicators data
30 IEA database of country methods to collect EE data A searchable online database:
31 An internationally agreed data collection Energy consumption & Activity data for: Available online Requested by IEA Ministers in 2009, the IEA designed a template to collect data for energy efficiency indicators. Now in its fifth year!
32 Helping countries with methodologies: two manuals on energy efficiency indicators Available online for free download Fundamentals on statistics: what data for what indicators, and how to collect them? Essentials for policy makers: how to develop and interpret energy efficiency indicators? Please let us know if you would like to receive copies of these manuals
33 Beyond the IEA: The experience of European countries A manual available online for the residential sector data
34 Thank you
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