PJM Manual 36. System Restoration. Revision: 21 Effective Date: December 5, Prepared by: System Operations Division PJM 2014

Transcription

1 PJM Manual 36 System Restratin Revisin: 21 Effective Date: December 5, 2014 Prepared by: System Operatins Divisin PJM 2014 PJM 2014 i

2 Manual 36: System Restratin Table f Cntents Manual 36: System Restratin Table f Cntents Table f Cntents... ii Table f Exhibits... v Apprval... 6 Current Revisin... 6 Intrductin... 7 ABOUT PJM MANUALS... 7 ABOUT THIS MANUAL... 7 Intended Audiences... 7 References... 8 USING THIS MANUAL... 8 What Yu Will Find in This Manual... 8 Sectin 1: Overview POLICY STATEMENTS PJM SYSTEM RESTORATION PLAN OBJECTIVES Sectin 2: Disturbance Cnditins OVERVIEW INTERNAL WITHOUT SEPARATION INTERNAL WITH SEPARATION Sectin 3: System Restratin RESTORATION PROCESS PJM System Operatr Respnsibilities during the Restratin Prcess Ascertain System Status Determine Restratin Prcess Disseminate Infrmatin Implement Restratin Prcedure Criteria and Cnditins fr Reestablishing Intercnnectins PJM Assumes Frequency Cntrl PJM Returns t Nrmal Operatin PJM Reliability Crdinatr Respnsibilities during the Restratin Prcess and Crdinatin f Infrmatin Sectin 4: Cmmunicatins COMMUNICATIONS Vice Cmmunicatin and Lgging Prtcls Ntificatins and Cntacts Evaluate System Status Telephne Systems SCADA and Lcal Metering Cmputer and Operatr Aides Emergency Pwer fr Cmmunicatins and Related Supprt Systems PJM 2014 ii

3 Manual 36: System Restratin Table f Cntents Sectin 5: Reserves during Restratin RESERVES DURING RESTORATION Synchrnus Reserve Dynamic Reserve Sample Dynamic Reserve Calculatins Sectin 6: Generatin GENERATING STATIONS Generating Statins Plant Shutdwn Generating Plant Cmmunicatins Cranking Pwer Availability Plant Starting Prcedure Ntify Plants Blcking Gvernrs Plant Frequency Cntrl CRANKING POWER Units Requiring Cranking Pwer Cranking Pwer Demand Cranking Pwer Surce and Black Start Paths Energize Start-up Lads Sectin 7: Transmissin VOLTAGE REGULATION AND CONTROL Reactive Regulatin Minimum Surce Guidelines SYNCHRONIZATION Synchrnizing Prcess Phases Sectin 8: System Restratin Plan Guidelines SYSTEM RESTORATION PLAN GUIDELINES Ascertaining System Status Determining Restratin Prcess Disseminating System Status Infrmatin Implementing Restratin Prcess Frequency Cntrl Verify Switching Equipment Cnstraints Transmissin Owners Intercnnect Cntinue Verificatins f Switching Equipment Cnstraints Guidelines fr Area Intercnnectin and Use f External Pwer during System Restratin PJM Returns t Nrmal Operatin System Cntrl Prgress Sectin 9: Crss Znal Crdinatin CROSS ZONAL COORDINATION OF SYSTEM RESTORATION PLANS Level One Crss Znal Crdinatin Level Tw Crss Znal Crdinatin Level Three Crss Znal Crdinatin Attachment A: Minimum Critical Black Start Requirement...65 A.1 CRITICAL BLACK START CRITERIA A.1.1 Gal A.1.2 Minimum Critical Black Start Requirement A.1.3 Backgrund PJM 2014 iii

4 Manual 36: System Restratin Table f Cntents Attachment B: Restratin Frms...71 Attachment C: Cnference Call Prtcl...78 Attachment D: Restratin Drill Guide...79 Purpse f Guide Drill Lgistics Drill Objectives Example Drill Scenaris Generatin / Transmissin / Details Drill Summary / Synpsis Attachment E: Cmmunicatins, Prtcls and Testing...83 Attachment F: Transmissin Owner and Blackstart Supprting Dcumentatin References...84 Attachment G: Crdinatin f Restratin Plan with PJM Internal and External Neighbring Entities...87 PJM Apprval Prcess fr TO Restratin Plans...87 Attachment H: Under Frequency Lad Shed (UFLS) Tables...96 Attachment I: Cmpliance with EOP and EOP Revisin Histry...99 PJM 2014 iv

5 Manual 36: System Restratin Table f Exhibits Table f Exhibits EXHIBIT 1: UNDERFREQUENCY RELAY AUTOMATIC LOAD DUMP - PJM MID-ATLANTIC CONTROL ZONE...15 EXHIBIT 2: UNDERFREQUENCY RELAY AUTOMATIC LOAD DUMP - PJM WEST CONTROL ZONE...15 EXHIBIT 3: UNDERFREQUENCY RELAY AUTOMATIC LOAD DUMP - PJM COMED CONTROL ZONE 16 EXHIBIT 4: UNDERFREQUENCY RELAY AUTOMATIC LOAD DUMP - PJM SOUTH CONTROL ZONE.16 EXHIBIT 5: RESTORATION PROCESS...19 EXHIBIT 6: LOAD SHEDDING EXAMPLE...28 EXHIBIT 7: TRANSMISSION LINE CHARGING...47 EXHIBIT 8: EHV ENERGIZATION GUIDELINES - INFORMATION UNAVAILABLE...50 EXHIBIT 9: EHV ENERGIZATION GUIDELINES - INFORMATION AVAILABLE...51 EXHIBIT 10: PJM TABLE OF MAJOR SYNCHRONIZATION DEVICES...52 EXHIBIT 11: PJM COMPOSITE INITIAL RESTORATION REPORT...71 EXHIBIT 12: COMPANY INITIAL RESTORATION REPORT...72 EXHIBIT 13: PJM COMPOSITE HOURLY RESTORATION REPORT...73 EXHIBIT 14: COMPANY HOURLY GENERATION RESTORATION REPORT...74 EXHIBIT 15: COMPANY TRANSMISSION RESTORATION REPORT...75 EXHIBIT 16: INTERCONNECTION CHECKLIST...76 EXHIBIT 17: PJM ASSUMES CONTROL...77 PJM 2014 v

6 Manual 36: System Restratin Intrductin Apprval Apprval Date: 11/17/2014 Effective Date: 12/05/2014 Glen Byle, Manager System Operatr Training Revisin 21 (12/05/2014): Current Revisin Remved Sectin A.1.3 Reliability Backstp Optins frm Attachment A PJM

7 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 1: Overview Intrductin Welcme t the PJM Manual fr System Restratin (M36). In this Intrductin, yu will find the fllwing infrmatin: What yu can expect frm the PJM Manuals in general (see Abut PJM Manuals ). What yu can expect frm this PJM Manual (see Abut This Manual ). Hw t use this manual (see Using This Manual ). Abut PJM Manuals The PJM Manuals are the instructins, rules, prcedures, and guidelines established by PJM fr the peratin, planning, and accunting requirements f PJM and the PJM Energy Market. The manuals are gruped under the fllwing categries: Transmissin PJM Energy Market Generatin and transmissin intercnnectin Reserve Accunting and billing PJM administrative services Miscellaneus Fr a cmplete list f all PJM Manuals, g t and select Manuals under the Dcuments pull-dwn menu. Abut This Manual The PJM Manual fr System Restratin (M36) is the PJM Restratin Plan required by NERC EOP standards and is ne f a series f manuals dealing with PJM System Operatins. This manual fcuses n hw PJM and the PJM Members are expected t respnd t system disturbance cnditins r system blackut. The PJM Manual fr System Restratin (M36) cnsists f 9 sectins and 8 attachments. The sectins and attachments are listed in the Table f Cntents beginning n page ii. Intended Audiences The intended audiences fr the PJM Manual fr System Restratin (M36) are: PJM System Operatr Persnnel wh wrk in cnjunctin with the transmissin wners t respnd t utages and blackuts t restre the transmissin system t service. Transmissin Owner dispatchers Persnnel wh respnd t PJM System Operatr requests fr emergency prcedures. Black start generatr peratrs PJM

8 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 1: Overview PJM neighbring Reliability Crdinatrs, Transmissin Operatrs, and Balancing Authrities and apprpriate Reginal Reliability Organizatins. PJM peratins staff Persnnel wh perfrm system studies. Gvernment, regulatry and emergency respnse persnnel. All PJM Members. References The references t ther dcuments that prvide backgrund r additinal detail directly related t the PJM Manual fr System Restratin (M36) are: PJM Manual fr Cntrl Center and Data Exchange Requirements (M-1) PJM Manual fr Transmissin Operatins (M-3) PJM Manual fr Balancing Operatins (M-12) PJM Manual fr Emergency Operatins (M-13) PJM Manual fr Generatr Operatinal Requirements (M-14D) PJM Manual fr Operating Agreement Accunting (M-28) PJM Manual fr Definitins and Acrnyms (M-35) Restratin Plans f PJM neighbring Reliability Crdinatrs, Transmissin Operatrs, and Balancing Authrities NERC Standard EOP-005-2: Mapping f PJM Member TO Restratin Dcuments t Applicable Elements Using This Manual We believe that explaining cncepts is just as imprtant as presenting the prcedures. This philsphy is reflected in the way we rganize the material in this manual. We start each sectin with an verview. Then, we present details and prcedures r references t prcedures fund in ther PJM Manuals. The fllwing prvides an rientatin t the manual s structure. What Yu Will Find in This Manual A table f cntents that lists tw levels f subheadings within each f the sectins and attachments An apprval page that lists the required apprvals and a brief utline f the current revisin Sectins cntaining the specific guidelines, requirements, r prcedures including PJM actins and participant actins Attachments that include additinal supprting dcuments, frms r tables A sectin at the end detailing all previus revisins f this PJM Manual. PJM

9 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 1: Overview Sectin 1: Overview Welcme t the Overview sectin f the PJM Manual fr System Restratin (M36). In this sectin, yu will find the fllwing infrmatin: A descriptin f PJM plicy statements fr system disturbances (see Plicy Statements ). 1.1 Plicy Statements Pwer system disturbances are mst likely t ccur as the result f lss f generating equipment, transmissin facilities, r as the result f unexpected lad changes. These disturbances may be f, r develp int, a magnitude sufficient t affect the reliable peratin f the PJM RTO. The assciated cnditins under severe system disturbances generally result in critically laded transmissin facilities, critical frequency deviatins, r high r lw vltage cnditins. The plicy f PJM is t maintain, at all times, the integrity f the PJM RTO transmissin systems, the Eastern Intercnnectin, and t prevent any unplanned separatin f the Transmissin Owner s systems. The purpse f this plan is t establish prcedures with a pririty f restring the integrity f the Intercnnectin. Based n system restratin lessns learned in 2003, the PJM restratin plan shuld stand alne with n dependencies n neighbring systems t help prevent separatin f additinal systems. In the case f the PJM RTOs inter-area transmissin lines, the plicy f PJM is t give maximum reasnable assistance t adjacent systems when a disturbance that is remte frm the PJM RTO ccurs. Each Transmissin / Generatin wner has an bligatin t prtect their wn system s equipment and reliability. Hwever, steps taken t d s are crdinated, if at all pssible, with the PJM System Operatr s as t slve the prblem in the best manner, realizing that actins taken may have a far reaching effect. PJM will prvide RFC n an annual basis a cpy f the Blackstart Capability Plan and assciated list f units designated as blackstart capable fr Inclusin in the RFC Blackstart Database per NERC standard EOP and RFC standard EOP-007-RFC-01, System Restratin Plans. PJM Actins: In general, PJM is respnsible fr the fllwing activities: Taking actins that it determines are cnsistent with Gd Utility Practice and are necessary t maintain the peratinal integrity f the PJM RTO. Crdinating and mnitring restratin f all r parts f the Bulk Electric System (BES) in the PJM RTO, as necessary. Prviding all reasnable assistance t adjacent Balancing Authrities r systems as necessary t facilitate system restratin t include crdinatin f restratin plans with neighbring Reliability Crdinatrs, Transmissin Operatrs, and Balancing Authrities. PJM

10 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 1: Overview This manual (M36 the PJM Restratin Plan) and ther data surces as nted include: A reliable black-start capability plan including: Fuel resurces fr black start pwer fr generating units (Black start database) Available cranking and transmissin paths (Black start database) Cmmunicatin adequacy and prtcl and pwer supplies (Black start database) Accunting fr the pssibility that restratin cannt be cmpleted as expected. Operating instructins and prcedures fr synchrnizing areas f the system that have becme separated. Prcedures fr simulating and, where practical, actually testing and verifying the plan resurces and prcedures. Dcumentatin in the persnnel training recrds that perating persnnel have been trained annually in the implementatin f the plan and have participated in restratin exercises (Learning Management System - LMS). The functins t be crdinated with and amng Reliability Crdinatrs and neighbring Transmissin Operatrs. (Including references t crdinatin f actins amng neighbring Transmissin Operatrs and Reliability Crdinatrs when the plans are implemented.) Ntificatin t be made t ther perating entities as the steps f the restratin plan is implemented. Incrprate updates frm Transmissin wner supprting dcumentatin as described belw as it changes. Review this manual n a minimum f an annual basis fr updates and changes and review with the PJM Systems Operatin Subcmmittee. Changes culd be triggered based n system changes (transmissin/generatin) r feedback frm restratin drills/simulatins. PJM will distribute the mst recent versin f this manual t each Transmissin Operatr and neighbring Reliability Crdinatrs within 30 days f revisin. PJM Member Actins: The PJM Members are respnsible fr develping and maintaining the fllwing: Plan and prcedures utlining the relatinships and respnsibilities f the persnnel necessary t implement system restratin. The prvisin fr a reliable black-start capability plan including available cranking and transmissin paths The necessary perating instructins and prcedures fr restring lads, including identificatin f critical lad requirements. PJM

11 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 1: Overview Review the PJM Restratin manual (M36) n a minimum f an annual basis fr updates and changes thrugh the PJM Systems Operatin Subcmmittee. Review cmpany supprting restratin dcumentatin n an annual basis. When a disturbance r blackut ccurs, the PJM Members are respnsible fr perfrming the fllwing activities: Taking ther actins, as directed by PJM, t manage, alleviate, r end the disturbance r blackut. Using the cmpany restratin plan t restre the system in a bttm-up apprach and crdinate with PJM if any deviatins frm the published plan are required. Cperating with each ther and PJM t implement requests and instructins received frm PJM fr the purpse f managing, alleviating, r ending a disturbance r blackut. Prviding ntificatin and ther infrmatin t gvernmental agencies as apprpriate. Cllecting, string, and prviding data and ther infrmatin t PJM, as necessary, t facilitate preparatin f reprts required by gvernmental r industry agencies as a result f a disturbance r blackut. Cperating and crdinating with PJM and ther PJM Members in the restratin f all r parts f the bulk pwer system in the PJM RTO with a pririty f restring the integrity f the Intercnnectin. A PJM Generatin wner cntrlling the utput f a Capacity Resurce must take r arrange fr any r all f the fllwing actins as directed by PJM in rder t manage alleviate, r end an Emergency, r such actins as PJM may deem apprpriate fr these purpses: Reprting the perating status and fuel situatin. Starting, including black start, and lading such generatin, as directed. Nte: PJM Emergency Authrity: Sectin 10.4, f the PJM Operating Agreement (OA) prvides that PJM has the respnsibility t direct the peratins f the Members as necessary t manage, alleviate, r end an Emergency. Likewise, Sectin f the OA states that PJM Members must cmply with all directives f the Office f the Intercnnectin t take any actin fr the purpse f managing, alleviating r ending an Emergency. 1.2 PJM System Restratin Plan Objectives High Level Strategy (EOP R1.1) The high level strategy f the PJM System Restratin Plan is t restre the integrity f the intercnnectin as quickly as pssible. In general, the fllwing steps are taken by PJM, Transmissin Owners and Generatin Operatrs: Perfrm a system assessment t determine extent f utage PJM

12 Start Black Start units t frm islands Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 1: Overview Build cranking paths t ther generating units, nuclear statins and critical gas facilities Restre critical lad as defined in Attachment A Synchrnize and intercnnect islands t frm larger islands Cnnect t utside areas Return t nrmal peratins Minimum Criteria fr Meeting Objectives f Reliability Crdinatrs Restratin Plan (EOP R1.1) Prvide nuclear statins with auxiliary pwer t maintain safe shutdwn. Target time fr restratin f this auxiliary pwer is 4 hurs. Restre intercnnectins between all internal TOs Restre intercnnectins t all external Reliability Crdinatr Areas PJM

13 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 2: Disturbance Cnditins Sectin 2: Disturbance Cnditins Welcme t the Disturbance Cnditins sectin f the PJM Manual fr System Restratin (M36). In this sectin, yu will find the fllwing infrmatin: 2.1 Overview A descriptin f disturbance cnditins (see Overview ). Hw PJM respnds t internal prblems withut separatin (see Internal withut Separatin ). Hw PJM respnds t internal prblems with separatin (see Internal with Separatin ). When a system disturbance ccurs, it is imprtant t maintain a parallel peratin thrughut the PJM RTO and the adjacent intercnnected Balancing Authrities. Prviding maximum assistance t the ther Balancing Authrities that are in truble may prevent cascading f truble t ther parts f the intercnnected system and assist in restratin f nrmal peratin. If sufficient assistance cannt be btained, the deficient system may need t prvide lad relief measures r ultimately face the lss f assistance being prvided by its neighbrs when separatin ccurs. The PJM RTO prvides all pssible assistance, including a 5% vltage reductin, prvided the adjacent pwer system requesting assistance has already implemented a 5% Vltage Reductin. Depending n the level f the disturbance and available resurces pst-disturbance, PJM may implement a Tp-dwn, Bttm-up, r bth a Tp-dwn and Bttm-up restratin strategy simultaneusly t restre the system as quickly as pssible. The exact restratin strategy will be cmmunicated at a PJM System Operatins Subcmmittee cnference call nce a system status is ascertained cnsistent with Sectin 3 f this manual. 2.2 Internal withut Separatin When an adjacent Balancing Authrity r mre remte intercnnected system tie lines and/r internal PJM RTO transmissin facilities are verladed, it is necessary t implement the fllwing actins: PJM Actins: PJM System Operatr issues emergency prcedures as needed, up t and including Manual Lad Dump, t restre tie lines t within limits. Any required lad shedding shall be implemented in steps established t minimize the risk f further uncntrlled separatin, lss f generatin, r system shutdwn. PJM System Operatr adjusts generatin in apprpriate areas t alleviate verladed internal lines. PJM Members Actins: Transmissin / Generatin dispatchers implement emergency prcedures requested by PJM System Operatr and ntify apprpriate persnnel. PJM

14 2.3 Internal with Separatin Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 2: Disturbance Cnditins PJM will crdinate autmatic lad shedding thrughut the RC area with underfrequency islatin f generating units, tripping f shunt capacitrs, and ther autmatic actins that will ccur under abnrmal frequency, vltage, r pwer flw cnditins. PJM prcedures require that each Generatin wner may take independent actins t prtect its generating plant equipment and preserve as much lad as pssible during separatins with the fllwing guidelines fr the different cntrl znes: PJM Mid-Atlantic Cntrl Zne (Based n the frmer MAAC regin requirements) If frequency is at r belw 58.0 Hz fr 30 secnds, generatin and lad cnnected t the same bus may be sequestered. If frequency is at r belw 57.5 Hz fr 5 secnds, generatin is discnnected. High-frequency peratin may be as damaging as lw frequency peratin. If frequency is abve 62.0 Hz and shws n sign f immediate recvery, frequency must be adjusted tward Hz. PJM West Cntrl Zne (Based n the frmer ECAR regin requirements) The fllwing table is prvided nly as a guide; specific units, r specific individual cmpany practices, may prvide fr lnger perids f peratin belw these specified frequencies. Hwever, in cnsidering the pssible cnsequences during an area-wide underfrequency perating cnditin, it is recmmended that the fllwing table be used in develping perating practices ther than thse that apply t specific generating plants r individual units. If a generating unit is remved frm the Balancing Authrity at a frequency higher than r a time less than that shwn in the fllwing table, an amunt f lad equal t the generatin being remved frm the Balancing Authrity must als be shed simultaneusly. PJM RTO Frequency Time Delay t trip Hz Unlimited 59.5 t 58.5 Hz 30.0 minutes t trip 58.5 t 58.2 Hz 7.0 minutes t trip 58.5 t 58.2 Hz Unit islatin withut time delay can be expected PJM CmEd Cntrl Zne (Based n the frmer MAIN regin requirements) It is vitally imprtant that autmatic lad shedding be allwed t functin befre generatr underfrequency relaying causes tripping f generatrs. In thse cases where generatrs must be tripped fr their wn prtectin utside the specificatins f the table belw, additinal lad shedding must be installed within the immediately adjacent lad entity, t cmpensate fr the generatrs that trip utside the specificatins. PJM

15 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 2: Disturbance Cnditins PJM RTO Frequency Time Delay t trip PJM Suth Zne > 59.5 Hz Autmatic tripping nt permitted 59.5 t 59.2 Hz 2700 secnds t trip 59.2 t 58.5 Hz 120 secnds t trip 58.5 t 58.0 Hz 15 secnds t trip < 58.0 Hz Owner s discretin There is n standard requirement fr the Dminin Transmissin Zne, hwever, a number f generatrs have underfrequency set pint that range between 56.5 Hz Hz. ranging frm secnds. PJM Actins: When a pwer shrtage causes a separatin 1 f all r parts f the PJM RTO with the prbability f verladed transmissin lines and/r abnrmal frequency, the fllwing actins are implemented: PJM System Operatr rders a sufficient amunt f lad t be dumped t: return the frequency t Hz r higher relieve the actual transmissin verlads return inter-area ties t schedule In general, dumping 6% lad raises the frequency by 1 Hz. Underfrequency relays autmatically dump lad as the frequency decays as fllws: PJM RTO Frequency 59.3 Hz 10% 58.9 Hz 10% 58.5 Hz 10% PJM Mid-Atlantic Cntrl Zne Lad Dump Exhibit 1: Underfrequency Relay Autmatic Lad Dump - PJM Mid-Atlantic Cntrl Zne PJM RTO Frequency 59.5 Hz 5% 59.3 Hz 5% 59.1 Hz 5% 58.9 Hz 5% 58.7 Hz 5% PJM West Cntrl Zne Lad Dump Exhibit 2: Underfrequency Relay Autmatic Lad Dump - PJM West Cntrl Zne 1 (NERC EOP-005 Attachment 1-4.) PJM

16 PJM RTO Frequency 59.3 Hz 10% 59.0 Hz 10% 58.7 Hz 10% Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 2: Disturbance Cnditins PJM CmEd Cntrl Zne Lad Dump Exhibit 3: Underfrequency Relay Autmatic Lad Dump - PJM CmEd Cntrl Zne PJM RTO Frequency 59.3 Hz 10% 59.0 Hz 10% 58.5 Hz 10% PJM Suth Cntrl Zne Lad Dump Exhibit 4: Underfrequency Relay Autmatic Lad Dump - PJM Suth Cntrl Zne PJM Members Actins: The TO dispatchers manually dump lad in the quantity directed by the PJM System Operatr. If the frequency declines t and is decaying, Generating statin peratrs act independently t increase generatin until frequency returns t Hz r until Maximum Generatin r transmissin limitatins are reached. If the frequency rises t Hz and is cntinuing t increase, generating statin peratrs act independently t decrease generatin until the frequency returns t Hz. PJM

17 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 3: System Restratin Sectin 3: System Restratin Welcme t the System Restratin sectin f the PJM Manual fr System Restratin (M36). In this sectin, yu will find the fllwing infrmatin: Hw PJM and the Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners restre the PJM RTO, including a descriptin f the emergency prcedures (see Restratin Prcess ). 3.1 Restratin Prcess A system disturbance may ccur at any time under nrmal r emergency cnditins. It is expected that the PJM System Operatr apply the actins described in Sectin 2 f this manual during this disturbance cnditins t reduce the prbability f system separatin fllwing a cntingency r disturbance. In the event f separatin, the PJM System Operatr and the Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners use the prcedures described in this sectin t return the PJM RTO t its pre-disturbance cnditin as efficiently as pssible. Since the nature f the disturbance and exact separatin bundaries cannt be predicted, the prcedures utlined in this sectin are a general guide. A system assessment fllwing a blackut is a critical first step in identifying an verall system restratin time. While PJM and its Members wrk t restre the integrity t the intercnnectin as quickly and safely as pssible, there are a wide variety f factrs that can influence a system restratin. Fllwing a system assessment, estimates f restratin times f the Bulk Electric System (BES) transmissin and custmer lad restratin estimates can mre accurately be made. Nuclear units require additinal cnsideratin. Restring custmer lad will nrmally need t be accmplished withut the help f nuclear units due t their start up requirements. Generally, the fllwing prerequisites are necessary t restart a nuclear unit: (1) A minimum f tw independent ffsite pwer surces need t be available; (2) Adequate actual and unit trip cntingency vltages must be bserved n the transmissin system supplying the nuclear unit; and (3) Stable system frequency must be present. Any decisins regarding the satisfying f the prerequisites fr startup must be made by the nuclear plant persnnel. NRC start-up checklists d nt permit ht restarts f nuclear units and their diesels are nt permitted t supply auxiliary pwer t ther generating statins. Nuclear units that are taken ffline n a cntrlled shutdwn can nrmally be restred t service between 24 and 48 hurs fllwing the cntrlled shutdwn. 2 T assist in assuring each transmissin zne has sufficient critical black start generatin, a Minimum Critical Black Start criteria (Attachment A) has been develped, which defines the minimum critical black start requirements based n that transmissin zne s definitin f critical lad. Each Transmissin Owner is respnsible fr restring its znal custmer lad with internal generatin r thrugh crdinated effrts with ther Transmissin/Generatin Owners and PJM. After a subsystem is stabilized, requests frm neighbring entities fr cranking pwer are a higher pririty than restring additinal custmer lad f the supplying area. Any Transmissin Owner that is nt perating in parallel with adjacent Transmissin Owners is free t restre r shed lad in any manner r at any rate it may deem reasnable. 2 NUC-001 R9 PJM

18 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 3: System Restratin Any deviatins frm these pre-apprved published plans must be crdinated with PJM. PJM System Operatr immediately establishes cmmunicatins with the Transmissin Owners and adjacent Balancing Authrities experiencing the disturbance t establish the extent and severity f the separatin. If direct cmmunicatin channels are nt functining, cmmunicatins are established via whatever means are available (i.e., ruting calls thrugh alternate channels, utside phne lines, cellular phnes, radi cmmunicatins, and/r PJM Satellite Phne System) PJM System Operatr Respnsibilities during the Restratin Prcess In additin t the PJM actins listed n the fllwing pages, the PJM System Operatr has certain respnsibilities regardless f the stage f the system restratin prcess. Transmissin Owners will have primary respnsibility f restring their transmissin system based n their pre-apprved plans until such time as PJM is returning t nrmal peratin and resumes authrity ver the transmissin system. PJM actins during a system restratin include: PJM will crdinate all interchange schedules with external Balancing Authrities. PJM will crdinate and direct all restratin f the 500 kv and abve transmissin systems. PJM will develp and calculate ACE as required when apprpriate data is available t perfrm this calculatin. PJM will crdinate intercnnectin f internal islands between TOs. PJM will crdinate and direct all transmissin tie cnnectins t external Balancing Authrities. PJM will identify pprtunities fr intercnnectin between PJM internal Transmissin Owners and/r neighbring Reliability Crdinatr, Balancing Authrity, and Transmissin Operatr systems 3. PJM will cllect system status infrmatin and prvide status updates t members n system restratin status. PJM will cnduct peridic System Operatins Subcmmittee (SOS) cnference calls, as apprpriate. In the event the restratin plan cannt be cmpleted as expected, PJM will develp and crdinate alternate steps t restre the system. Exhibit 5 presents the general steps that are perfrmed t restre the PJM RTO fllwing separatin. 3 NERC EOP-005 Attachment 1-8. PJM

19 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 3: System Restratin Ascertain System Status Determine Restratin Prcess Disseminate Infrmatin n System Status Implement Restratin Prcedures Member Intercnnectin PJM Assumes Frequency Cntrl Exhibit 5: Restratin Prcess Ascertain System Status After a system disturbance ccurs that results in a significant lss f custmer lad in a widespread area, it is imprtant t determine transmissin and generatin lss, equipment damage, and the extent f the service interruptin. PJM Actins: PJM System Operatr establishes cmmunicatins between the Transmissin Owners that are experiencing the disturbance and between adjacent Transmissin Owners r TOP/ BA areas. PJM System Operatr determines the extent and cause f the service interruptin and infrms the apprpriate persnnel as sn as pssible f existing generatin and transmissin capabilities, equipment damage, and ther pertinent infrmatin. PJM System Operatr cllects specific infrmatin frm each Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner and adjacent areas t ascertain the present system cnditins. PJM System Operatr reprts via the ALL-CALL system, the extent and cause, if knwn, f the utage. PJM Member Actins: Transmissin and Generatin Owners are respnsible fr adhering t the PJM Member Actins cntained within PJM Manual fr System Restratin (M36). PJM

20 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 3: System Restratin Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner dispatchers establish cmmunicatins immediately with PJM and ther Transmissin Owners that are invlved in the disturbance, adjacent Transmissin Owners, and/r ther Balancing Authrities. Transmissin Owner dispatchers verify the extent f their service interruptin. Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners cllect infrmatin and ntify PJM System Operatr f knwn system cnditins, generatin and transmissin capabilities, equipment damage, and ther pertinent infrmatin, including pssible cause, if knwn. The Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner dispatchers ntify key persnnel and pwer plant peratrs regarding the extent f the utage, as knwn. The Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner dispatchers reprt initial system cnditins t PJM, using the Cmpany Initial Restratin Reprt presented in Attachment B. The Transmissin / Generatin dispatchers reprt hurly status updates using the Hurly Restratin Reprts presented in Attachment B. PJM may elect t suspend the Initial Restratin Reprt and / r the hurly status update reprting requirements depending n the severity f the disturbance and the level and quality f available telemetry. As part f the PJM RTO, bth the Transmissin and Generatin Owner dispatchers will assess the extent f the utage. Based n the severity f the utage, PJM and the Transmissin Owners will decide if an emergency will be declared and the Standards f Cnduct suspended, allwing Transmissin and Generatin persnnel t wrk clsely tgether. This will prvide swift and accurate cmmunicatins with the intent f prviding a timely recvery f the pwer system. Transmissin Owners will als be in cmmunicatin with the PJM RTO, adjacent Transmissin Owners, and Generatin Owners. PJM RTO will crdinate between neighbring Transmissin Operatrs t include OVEC, Reliability Crdinatrs and Balancing Authrities. The Transmissin Owner will cmmunicate the fllwing t all invlved parties: Extent f the service interruptin. Knwn system cnditins, including generatin and transmissin capabilities. Equipment damage and ther pertinent infrmatin. Extent f utage will be cmmunicated t Pwer Plant peratrs Determine Restratin Prcess The purpse f this step is t develp and implement a restratin strategy. This step is perfrmed after the status f the PJM RTO is determined. PJM Actins: PJM System Operatr acts as crdinatr and disseminatr f infrmatin relating t generatin and transmissin availability. PJM System Operatr keeps the Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners infrmed f the PJM RTO s status. PJM

21 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 3: System Restratin PJM System Operatr uses the EMS security prgram t identify any actual verlads n the system. PJM System Operatr may need t use a manual mnitring prcedure t estimate distributin factrs. PJM Member Actins: The Transmissin Owner dispatchers identify restratin strategy based n system status. The Transmissin Owner dispatchers rganize steps and/r sequential rder f the System Restratin Plan (SRP). The Transmissin Owner dispatchers assign sectins/steps f the SRP t individuals and begin implementatin. The Transmissin Owner dispatcher cmmunicates verall status t PJM and PJM crdinates the SRP fr the PJM regin Disseminate Infrmatin The purpse f this step is t prvide updated infrmatin f the system status t apprpriate persnnel. After system restratin plans are established and implemented, all participants must be apprised f system cnditins. PJM Actins: PJM System Operatr uses established persnnel call-ut prcedures t btain the necessary staff. PJM supervisr ntifies PJM management, and a member f the supervisry grup makes supprt staff calls. PJM management is kept infrmed f the PJM RTO s status. PJM System Operatr ntifies Public Relatins and ther apprpriate authrities i.e., FEMA, DOE, NERC, apprpriate RROs, Public Utilities Cmmissins (r equivalent). PJM Shift Supervisr assigns a persn t act as an infrmatin crdinatr respnsible fr cllecting system status infrmatin and disseminating it t all invlved participants. PJM infrmatin crdinatr develps reprts hurly fr distributin t public relatins persnnel and Transmissin Owners. Due t PJM s ability t mnitr all Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners data, PJM System Operatr will crdinate the restratin strategy and system cntrl. PJM Member Actins: The Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners dispatchers use established persnnel call-ut prcedures t btain the necessary staff. Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners persnnel ntify apprpriate persnnel including public relatins, and authrities, i.e., DOE, NERC, Public Utilities Cmmissins (r equivalent). Transmissin Owner / Generatin Owner Dispatchers assigns a persn t act as an infrmatin crdinatr, t cllect system status infrmatin and relay the infrmatin cntained in the Cmpany Hurly Generatin Restratin Reprt PJM

22 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 3: System Restratin (Attachment B) and the Cmpany Transmissin Restratin Reprt t PJM. These reprts are cmpleted hurly, n the half-hur. The Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners dispatchers cnvey t PJM System Operatr any infrmatin deemed essential t facilitate the restratin prcess, i.e. generatin perating, cranking pwer availability, system vltages, restratin strategy, etc. Transmissin Owners will prvide a status f prgressin as they prceed with their system restratin plan t PJM System Operatr as requested and als at peridic System Operatins Subcmmittee Cnference Calls Implement Restratin Prcedure The purpse f this step is t direct the restart f Generatin Owners internal generatin and lad n-line generatin in planned steps while maintaining system lad, scheduled frequency, vltage cntrl, and reserves. This step is perfrmed when a Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner is in a cmpletely islated r blacked-ut cnditin and must restart their system withut utside assistance. PJM Actins: PJM System Operatr acts as crdinatr and disseminatr f infrmatin relating t generatin and transmissin availability. PJM System Operatr keeps Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners apprised f the develping system cnditins t assist in the frmatin and n-ging adjustments f a chesive System Restratin Plan. System Restratin Plans may be adjusted t take advantage f this additinal infrmatin. In situatins where the actual cnditins d nt match the studied cnditins, the PJM System Operatr shall use prfessinal judgment t mdify the System restratin plan. PJM System Operatr develps updated run-f-river hydr capability. PJM System Operatr cmmunicates with the affected Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners t develp the mst effective use f this limited resurce. PJM Members Actins: Plant peratrs implement shut-dwn and start-up prcedures immediately, if unable t maintain n-line status. Statin service is restred t generating plants and critical substatins as sn as pssible using black start capability, when available (as defined in Attachment A), r external pwer surces. Requests fr cranking pwer have a higher pririty than lad restratin fr the supplying area. Offsite safe shutdwn pwer shuld be restred as sn as pssible t nuclear units, bth units that had been perating and thse that were already ffline prir t the system disturbance, withut regard t using these units fr restring custmer lad. Generating units that are able t maintain n-line status have pririty f lad assignments t prvide lading abve minimum levels t achieve stable unit peratin. PJM

23 Frequency Cntrl Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 3: System Restratin The Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners dispatchers maintain cmmunicatins with PJM System Operatr t prvide updated status f system cnditin, and lcal SRP in additin t the hurly reprt. Each Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner that is islated may elect t adhere t all r nne f the guidelines fr system cntrl, as described in the PJM Manual fr Balancing Operatins (M12), depending n system cnditins. Each affected Transmissin Owner shall resynchrnize islanded area(s) with neighbring area(s) nly when crdinated by PJM and in accrdance with the established prcedures in this manual. Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners wrk t prvide ffsite pwer t Nuclear Facilities. Transmissin Owners and Nuclear Pwer Plants must effectively cmmunicate t keep Nuclear Pwer Plant apprised f the anticipated restratin time fr ffsite pwer. The cntrl bjective f the frequency regulating unit(s) in the frequency cntrlling area (r subsystems) is t keep the frequency n schedule. All units nt assigned t regulate frequency are re-dispatched t keep each frequency regulating unit's energy at the middle f its regulating range. The best regulating unit(s) in the area (r subsystems) are used t regulate frequency during restratin. The best regulating unit is determined based n the amunt and quality f regulatin prvided, as well as energy cnsideratins. If the frequency burden becmes t large fr ne unit, the frequency burden is shared by tw r mre units, preferably in the same plant cntrl rm fr better crdinatin. The frequency is regulated between Hz and 61.0 Hz. If the frequency decays t Hz, r belw, Synchrnus Reserve and/r manual lad shedding is initiated t restre the frequency t between Hz and Hz. Shed apprximately six percent (6%) f lad t increase frequency 1.0 Hz (General rule fr small island). Frequency is adjusted t slightly abve Hz befre lad is picked up. The TOs pick up lad in small increments. The regulatin requirement t maintain frequency during system restratin is calculated as 2% f the area lad. Vltage Cntrl During the restratin prcess, the bulk pwer system is perated s that reasnable vltage prfiles can be maintained (generally 90% t 105% f nminal). Distributed reactive regulatin is als established t limit vltage drp fr any single cntingency. Transmissin shunt capacitr banks are remved frm service until sufficient lad (apprximately 40% f system lad) has been re-energized t prevent high vltage. Shunt reactrs are placed in service when initially restring the system t help reduce system vltages. Static VAR Cmpensatrs under autmatic cntrl are placed in service as sn as practical. Generatr autmatic vltage regulatrs are placed in service as sn as practical while cntinuing t aim lw n vltage when energizing circuits t reduce charging currents. PJM

24 Reserves Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 3: System Restratin There are nly tw categries f reserves that are essential and therefre need t be tracked during system restratin. These are Dynamic Reserve and Synchrnus Reserve. These are described later in mre detail in Sectin 5. Dynamic Reserve The amunt f Dynamic Reserve in an area (r subsystem) must be sufficient t allw the system t survive a frequency deviatin due t the lss f the largest energy cntingency (generatin r lad). Dynamic Reserve may cnsist f reserves n generatrs via autmatic gvernr actin, as well as system lad with underfrequency relay prtectin enabled. N mre than 50% f the ttal Dynamic Reserve in an area (r subsystems) can cnsist f lad with underfrequency relay prtectin enabled. Synchrnus Reserve Synchrnus Reserve is required in rder t enable an area r subsystem t return t a pre-cntingency state (bth tie lines and frequency) as sn as pssible after a cntingency. During system restratin each area r subsystem carries enugh Synchrnus Reserve t cver its largest energy cntingency. Synchrnus Reserve may be either n-line generatin that can be laded within 10 minutes, r lad (including custmer lad and "pumping lad") that can be shed manually within 10 minutes. Unit Dispatch N generatr is laded abve a level at which there is nt enugh Dynamic Reserve n remaining units t survive the resultant frequency decay if that unit trips. Generatin Owner/Transmissin Owner maintains sufficient lad n each unit t stabilize its peratin. Generating units are laded as sn as pssible t lad levels abve their nrmal minimum pint t achieve reliable and stable unit peratin unless the area (r subsystems) cannt survive the cntingency lss f the unit at minimum lad. Synchrnizatin f Areas (Subsystems) Within a Transmissin Owner Zne Prir t synchrnizing tw areas (r subsystems), the Transmissin Owner will cmmunicate with PJM. PJM will apprve the synchrnizatin and crdinate with neighbrs as needed befre the transmissin wner adjusts the frequency f the smaller area (r subsystem) t match the frequency f the larger area (r subsystem). In additin, the vltages f the tw areas (r subsystems) are as clse as pssible prir t synchrnizatin. Upn synchrnizatin, the regulatin requirement fr frequency cntrl must be recalculated and reassigned. After synchrnizatin, the Transmissin Owners calculate reserve requirements fr the cmbined system, and adjust unit dispatch accrdingly. Area (r subsystem) frequency is maintained abve Hz and belw 61.0 Hz. Achieving and maintaining these frequency levels require clse crdinatin between plant peratrs and Transmissin Owners Criteria and Cnditins fr Reestablishing Intercnnectins The purpse f this step is t prvide cnditins and criteria fr the Transmissin Owners t intercnnect with ther Transmissin Owners within PJM r TOPs r RCs external t PJM and cntrl frequency, tie line, vltage schedules, share reserves, and crdinate emergency prcedures. This step is perfrmed after the Transmissin Owners have PJM

25 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 3: System Restratin restarted and desire t intercnnect and share reserves r Transmissin Owners have crdinated plans t restart while intercnnected. PJM Actins: PJM System Operatr acts as crdinatr and disseminatr f infrmatin relative t generatin and transmissin availability. PJM System Operatr keeps the Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners apprised f develping system cnditins t assist in the frmatin and n-ging adjustments f a chesive System Restratin Plan. System Restratin Plans may be adjusted t take advantage f this additinal infrmatin. PJM System Operatr prvides the Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners with updated run-f-river hydr capability. PJM will crdinate with neighbring RCs and TOPs t establish external intercnnectins and establish tie schedules with neighbrs PJM Member Actins: Prir t synchrnizing, each Transmissin Owner must ascertain that adequate reserves are available t cver the largest energy cntingency within the intercnnected area. The Transmissin Owner dispatchers cnsult and fllw the intercnnectin checklist presented in Attachment B. The Transmissin Owner dispatchers adjust the frequency f the smaller area (subsystem) t match the frequency f the larger area. In additin, the Transmissin Owner dispatchers cntrl the vltages f the areas s that they are as clse as pssible prir t synchrnizatin. The Transmissin Owner dispatchers may share reserves, i.e., Dynamic Reserve and Synchrnus Reserve, and agree n a plan t act in a crdinated manner t respnd t area emergencies. This plan includes identificatin f the crdinating Transmissin Owner (the frequency cntrlling Transmissin Owner is the natural crdinatr). The Transmissin Owner that agrees t regulate the intercnnected area's frequency assists in crdinating and maintaining scheduled tie-line flws between the ther Transmissin Owners. The bjective f Transmissin Owners maintaining flat tie line cntrl is t cntrl their "Net Tie Line" flw value t equal their "Net Tie Line" schedules by adjusting lad and/r generatin and t crdinate with the Transmissin Owner cntrlling the intercnnected area frequency. Guidelines fr frequency regulatin and tie line cntrl are in effect as identified in the PJM Manual fr Balancing Operatins (M-12) unless all Transmissin Owners agree t suspend any prtin f the prcedure. Capacity that is assigned t regulatin is apprximately tw percent f the intercnnected area's lad. Frequency is regulated between Hz and 61.0 Hz. Frequency is adjusted t slightly abve Hz befre lad is picked up. Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner dispatchers pick up lad in small increments. PJM

26 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 3: System Restratin When necessary, Synchrnus Reserve (including manual lad dumping) is used t keep the frequency abve Hz. Transmissin Owner dispatchers shed apprximately six percent (6%) lad t restre frequency 1.0 Hz (general rule fr small island). Dynamic Reserve is allcated/assigned prprtinally t the available Dynamic Reserve in each area. As additinal areas are added t the intercnnected area, the Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner dispatchers recalculate and reassign regulatin and reserve assignments. After synchrnizatin ccurs, the Transmissin Owner dispatchers cntinue t strengthen and stabilize the intercnnected area by the clsure f additinal Transmissin Owner-t-Transmissin Owner tie lines. The Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner dispatchers cntinue t maintain cmmunicatins with PJM System Operatr t prvide updated status f system cnditins, in additin t the hurly reprt PJM Assumes Frequency Cntrl This ccurs when the cntrl f an intercnnected area is t burdensme fr any ne Transmissin Owner. Operatinal authrity will transfer frm PJM perfrming the RC functin t PJM perfrming the Balancing Authrity functin. PJM Actins: PJM System Operatr assimilates infrmatin cntained in Attachment B. PJM System Operatr determines the required Dynamic Reserve and Synchrnus Reserve fr the area based n largest energy cntingency. Reserve assignments are made n a prprtinal basis PJM System Operatr determines the regulatin requirement t regulate frequency. Capacity assigned shuld be tw percent (2%) f the intercnnected area lad. PJM System Operatr assigns regulatin n a prprtinal basis f cnnected lad. PJM System Operatr cntinues t crdinate run-f-river hydr peratins. PJM System Operatr updates the DMT t reflect unit capability that is reprted by the Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner dispatchers. PJM Member Actins: The Transmissin / Generatin Owner dispatchers cntinue t return generating units t n-line status and restre native lad in small increments t maintain generatin and lad balance. As units return t service, the Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner dispatchers reprt their status t PJM System Operatr. The Transmissin Owner dispatchers maintain scheduled Transmissin Ownert-Transmissin Owner tie line flws until the PJM RTO returns t free-flwing tie cnditins. PJM

27 System Cntrl Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 3: System Restratin The Transmissin Owner dispatchers assure that adequate underlying transmissin capability is electrically cnnected at the intercnnectin pint f the 500 kv and abve bulk transmissin system t prvide adequate fault current (relay prtectin) and VAR absrptin capability when the line is energized (vervltage). The Transmissin / Generatin Owner dispatchers respnd t emergency prcedures when initiated by PJM System Operatr. The Transmissin Owner dispatchers request PJM System Operatr s apprval prir t the clsure f any reprtable transmissin line (see the PJM Manual fr Transmissin Operatins (M-3)) r a line that establishes an intercnnectin, either Transmissin Owner-t-Transmissin Owner r t an external system. The Transmissin / Generatin Owner dispatchers maintain cmmunicatins with PJM System Operatr t prvide updated status f system cnditins, in additin t the hurly reprt. PJM system cntrl may prgress thrugh three stages depending n existing system cnditins: Manual Cntrl Manual cntrl is initiated when sufficient data is nt available fr any type f autmatic cntrl. When this mde f cntrl is initiated, PJM is replacing the frequency cntrlling Transmissin Owner. PJM System Operatr ntifies Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners f their share f the regulatin requirement by percentage. Regulatin energy assignments are dispatched manually using whle numbers, with each Transmissin Owner respnding with their percentage. These assignments are made via the ALL-CALL system. Frequency is maintained between Hz and 61.0 Hz. If the frequency decays belw Hz, PJM System Operatr initiates emergency prcedures, which may include lad shedding, t maintain stable peratins. If lad shedding is required, it is assigned n a prprtinal basis. The amunt f generatin adjustments t cntrl frequency may be based n ne percent (1%) f system lad t adjust frequency by 0.1 Hz. Actual system respnse may differ based n the changing system characteristic. Real-time adjustments may be required. PJM System Operatr directs generatin and lad adjustments, as required, t maintain reliable peratins. TO zne native generatin nrmally is assigned t native lad, except in instances where Transmissin Owner-t-Transmissin Owner tie line schedules are arranged. PJM System Operatr ntifies all Transmissin Owners n the intercnnected area f schedules that are in effect, r pending. Transmissin Owners are respnsible fr cmmunicating t PJM System Operatr any ptential transmissin prblems i.e. cntingency r actual verlads, vltage prblems, etc. PJM System Operatr crdinates crrective actin. PJM mnitring system has limited capability fr cntingency evaluatin and n-ging mnitring until a majrity f the bulk transmissin system is intact. Flat Frequency Cntrl Flat frequency cntrl is initiated when the capability exists fr an ACE signal t be develped by using a frequency value in the intercnnected area. If PJM is nt electrically cnnected t the area being PJM

28 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 3: System Restratin cntrlled (i.e., frequency is different), the frequency f the area being cntrlled may be entered int the cntrl prgram. If PJM is electrically cnnected t the area being cntrlled, and nt n diesel stand-by pwer, the in-huse frequency may be used. The Frequency Bias setting is ne percent (1%) f the intercnnected areas' lad. The bias setting is readjusted as the intercnnected area lad changes. The PJM cntrl prgram is capable f develping an ACE based n scheduled frequency versus actual frequency. Regulating signals may als be develped via the autmatic regulatin prgram. The Generatin Owner dispatchers enter their regulating capability int the prgram, and units may autmatically respnd t the signal. The Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner dispatchers may elect t manually dispatch these units. Regulatin is tw percent (2%) f the intercnnected area lad. PJM System Operatr cntinues t direct generatin and lad assignments as required t maintain reliable peratin. PJM System Operatr regulates area frequency between Hz. and 61.0 Hz. When the regulating energy has been laded t restre frequency t 60.0 Hz., effrts are made t return the units t their mid-pint. The Transmissin Owners are ntified via the ALL-CALL system t clsely mnitr transmissin parameters, since the PJM mnitring prgram may nt have sufficient data at this pint except fr actual verlads. Energy available frm external surces is assigned t the Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners based n need and transmissin capabilities and/r limitatins. Tie Line Bias Cntrl Tie Line Bias Cntrl is used t develp an ACE signal when Balancing Authrity tie lines are in service. When ties t external systems are placed in service, PJM returns t the Tie Line Bias cntrl mde. This mde (nrmal cntrl mde) develps an ACE by cmparing scheduled frequency versus actual frequency and scheduled tie line flw versus actual tie line flw t facilitate intercnnected peratin. All cntrl functins are nrmal including ACE and the regulatin cntrl prgram. The regulatin cntinues t be tw percent f the area's lad. The frequency bias setting is ne percent f the intercnnected area's lad and is readjusted as the lad changes. Generatin and lad assignments cntinue t be manually dispatched until the system can respnd autmatically via the AGC system. PJM may nw be capable f mnitring the transmissin parameters, but Transmissin Owners cntinue t clsely mnitr their systems. Allcatins f Lad Shedding Lad shedding, if required, is allcated based n cnnected lad n a prprtinal basis. Exhibit 6 presents an example. Exhibit 6: Lad Shedding Example Sub-Area Lad Obligatin MW 1/6 Requirement MW 1/3 Requirement MW 1/2 Requirement PJM

29 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 3: System Restratin N re-allcatin f lad already shed is made as ther sub-areas are added t the intercnnected island. Hwever, new allcatin factrs are calculated if additinal lad shedding is required. EHV Restratin Due t the heavy reactive charging current generated by the 500 kv / 765 kv bulk pwer transmissin system (apprximately 1.70 MVAR per mile), sufficient lad and generatin must be restred t the affected areas. Transmissin Owner dispatchers assure that adequate underlying transmissin capability is electrically cnnected at the intercnnectin pint f the 500 kv / 765 kv bulk transmissin system t prvide adequate fault current (relay prtectin) and VAR absrptin capability when the 500 kv / 765 kv line is energized (vervltage). The 500 kv / 765 kv system is nt t be restred unless energy is available frm remte surces t be delivered t energy deficient areas, i.e., the Keystne/Cnemaugh minemuth cmplex adjacent systems, r excess internal generatin. Allcatin f Jint Owned Generatin PJM System Operatr directs the increase f the generatin/transactins when it is beneficial t the verall system restratin prcess. Allcatins f energy are nt based n wnership r jint-wned generatin allcatins, but n the capabilities and needs f the intercnnected area. Allcatins, if pssible, are n a prprtinal basis. As additinal Transmissin Owners/areas intercnnect, n attempt is made t re-allcate generatin that is already carrying lad. Hwever, revised allcatin factrs are calculated PJM Returns t Nrmal Operatin Re-establish PJM single cntrl center crdinatin. This ccurs when an ACE can be calculated fr the area t be cntrlled (entire PJM area r prtin) and a return t central crdinated peratin is desired by PJM and the Transmissin Owners. When cnditins permit, PJM System Operatr ntifies all Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners that the PJM RTO is returning t nrmal peratin, i.e., free flwing Transmissin Owner-t-Transmissin Owner ties, Balancing Authrity t Balancing Authrity ties, generatin under AGC cntrl, and return t published regulatin and reserve requirements PJM Reliability Crdinatr Respnsibilities during the Restratin Prcess and Crdinatin f Infrmatin PJM maintains the current crdinated versin f the restratin plan f each Transmissin Operatr in its Reliability Crdinatr Area. There are tw TOPs in PJM's Reliability Crdinatr Area: PJM and AEP. PJM serves as bth RC and TOP fr the PJM area. American Electric Pwer (AEP) perates the 138kV transmissin, thugh PJM serves as TOP fr its ther transmissin assets. PJM mnitrs restratin prgress and crdinates any needed assistance in the RC area. PJM actins during a system restratin include: PJM will crdinate all interchange schedules with external Balancing Authrities PJM will crdinate and direct all restratin f the 500 kv and abve transmissin systems PJM

30 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 3: System Restratin PJM will develp and calculate ACE as required when apprpriate data is available t perfrm this calculatin PJM will crdinate and direct all transmissin tie cnnectins t external Balancing Authrities PJM will identify pprtunities fr intercnnectin between PJM internal Transmissin Owners and/r neighbring Reliability Crdinatr, Balancing Authrity, and Transmissin Operatr systems PJM will cllect system status infrmatin and prvide status updates t members n system restratin status PJM, in its rle as Reliability Crdinatr, is the primary cntact fr disseminating infrmatin regarding restratin t neighbring Reliability Crdinatrs and t Transmissin Operatrs and Balancing Authrities within its Reliability Crdinatr area. PJM will cnduct peridic System Operatins Subcmmittee (SOS) cnference calls, as apprpriate In the event the restratin plan cannt be cmpleted as expected, PJM will develp and crdinate alternate steps t restre the system PJM System Operatr establishes cmmunicatins between the Transmissin Owners that are experiencing the disturbance and between adjacent Transmissin Owners r TOP/ BA areas PJM System Operatr determines the extent and cause f the service interruptin and infrms the apprpriate persnnel as sn as pssible f existing generatin and transmissin capabilities, equipment damage, and ther pertinent infrmatin PJM System Operatr cllects specific infrmatin frm each Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner and adjacent areas t ascertain the present system cnditins PJM System Operatr reprts via the ALL-CALL system, the extent and cause, if knwn, f the utage PJM s Reliability Crdinatr Area restratin plan prvides crdinatin between individual Transmissin Operatr restratin plans and ensures reliability is maintained during system restratin events. PJM's Reliability Crdinatr Area Restratin Plan is cntained in PJM Manual fr System Restratin (M36). As stated in sectin 1.1 f Manual 36, "Plicy Statements, This manual (M36, the PJM Restratin Plan and ther data surces as nted) include the fllwing: A reliable black-start capability plan including: Fuel resurces fr black start pwer fr generating units (Black start database) Available cranking and transmissin paths (Black start database) Cmmunicatin adequacy and prtcl and pwer supplies (Black start database) PJM

31 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 3: System Restratin Accunting fr the pssibility that restratin cannt be cmpleted as expected. Operating instructins and prcedures fr synchrnizing areas f the system that have becme separated Prcedures fr simulating and, where practical, actually testing and verifying the plan resurces and prcedures Dcumentatin in the persnnel training recrds that perating persnnel have been trained annually in the implementatin f the plan and have participated in restratin exercises (training database) The functins t be crdinated with and amng Reliability Crdinatrs and neighbring Transmissin Operatrs (including references t crdinatin f actins amng neighbring Transmissin Operatrs and Reliability Crdinatrs when the plans are implemented). Sectin ("Implement Restratin Prcedure") and ("Member Intercnnectin") f Manual 36 describes bradly the implementatin f PJM's RC Area Restratin Plan s as t maintain reliability during system restratin events. Additinal prcedures fr maintaining reliability during system restratin are included in Sectin 6, "Generatin," and Sectin 7, "Transmissin." PJM is the primary cntact fr disseminating infrmatin regarding restratin t neighbring Reliability Crdinatrs and Transmissin Operatrs r Balancing Authrities nt immediately invlved in restratin (per EOP R1.8). As stated in Sectin (Determine Restratin Prcess), the criteria fr sharing infrmatin regarding restratin with neighbring Reliability Crdinatrs and with Transmissin Operatrs and Balancing Authrities within its Reliability Crdinatr area (in accrdance with EOP-006-2, R1.7) is listed belw: "PJM System Operatr acts as crdinatr and disseminatr f infrmatin relating t generatin and transmissin availability. PJM System Operatr keeps the Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners infrmed f the PJM RTO s status." Sectin (Ntificatins and Cntacts) utlines sme f the cmmn ntificatins that must be made during a restratin event, including t neighbring Balancing Authrities: "Cntact Neighbring Balancing Authrities Knwledge f the neighbring Balancing Authrities status enhances restratin thrugh PJM RTO f restart surces, reserves, and transmissin reliability. Utilities must have functinal cmmunicatins t gain timely knwledge f the status. SCADA data links with neighbring Balancing Authrities may aid in limiting the amunt f verbal cmmunicatins. Cmmunicatins using nrmal and emergency systems as well as RCIS shuld be utilized t maintain cmmunicatins with PJM neighbrs." PJM apprves, cmmunicates, and crdinates the resynchrnizing f majr system islands r synchrnizing pints s as nt t cause a Burden n adjacent Transmissin Operatr, Balancing Authrity, r Reliability Crdinatr Areas. PJM

32 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 3: System Restratin Sectin f this manual, under the heading "Synchrnizatin f Areas (Subsystems) Within a Transmissin Owner," prvides the prcedure fr synchrnizing subsystems within the area f a Transmissin Owner in PJM's system. It states: "Prir t synchrnizing tw areas (r subsystems), the Transmissin Owner will cmmunicate with PJM. PJM will apprve the synchrnizatin and crdinate with neighbrs as needed befre the transmissin wner adjusts the frequency f the smaller area (r subsystem) t match the frequency f the larger area (r subsystem)." Sectin f this manual, "Criteria and Cnditins fr Reestablishing Intercnnectins," describes the guidelines fr synchrnizing and intercnnecting the systems f tw r mre members within r external t the PJM's system. The sectin assigns the fllwing actins t PJM's peratrs: PJM System Operatr acts as crdinatr and disseminatr f infrmatin relative t generatin and transmissin availability. PJM System Operatr keeps the Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners apprised f develping system cnditins t assist in the frmatin and nging adjustments f a chesive System Restratin Plan. System Restratin Plans may be adjusted t take advantage f this additinal infrmatin. Sectin 7.2 f this manual, "Synchrnizatin," prvides detailed prcedures fr synchrnizing and intercnnecting between islands and t neighbring areas. It states: "Prir t synchrnizatin, the transmissin wner must cmmunicate with PJM (PJM will crdinate with neighbrs as required) and get apprval fr synchrnizatin." Exhibits 14 and 15 in Attachment B: Restratin Frms prvide a written frm and checklist fr cmmunicatins related t intercnnectin f tw islands r entities. This frm is used t facilitate cmmunicatin between islands t be cnnected and PJM. PJM's RC Area can be restred frm cmplete system failure withut utside assistance, and as such will nt cause a burden n any neighbring areas. Sectin 1.1, "Plicy Statements," f this manual, states: "The plicy f PJM is t maintain, at all times, the integrity f the PJM RTO transmissin systems, the Eastern Intercnnectin, and t prevent any unplanned separatin f the Transmissin Owners' systems. The purpse f this plan is t establish prcedures with a pririty f restring the integrity f the Intercnnectin. Based n system restratin lessns learned in 2003, the PJM restratin plan shuld stand alne with n dependencies n neighbring systems t help prevent separatin f additinal systems." Sectin f this manual, "Guidelines fr Area Intercnnectin and Use f External Pwer during System Restratin" prvides guidelines fr recnnecting t the Eastern Intercnnectin and assisting neighbrs by actins such as prviding excess pwer t deficient areas, taking pwer frm areas with excess, sharing reserves, and prviding cranking pwer t neighbring areas, s as t prvide a service rather than a burden t neighbrs and assist in the verall restratin f the Eastern Intercnnectin as needed. PJM

33 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 3: System Restratin PJM will take steps t restre nrmal peratins nce an perating emergency has been mitigated in accrdance with its restratin plan. As stated in Sectin (PJM Returns t Nrmal Operatin): "Re-establish PJM single cntrl center crdinatin. This ccurs when an ACE can be calculated fr the area t be cntrlled (entire PJM area r prtin) and a return t central crdinated peratin is desired by PJM and the Transmissin Owners. When cnditins permit, PJM System Operatr ntifies all Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners that the PJM RTO is returning t nrmal peratin, i.e., free flwing Transmissin Owner-t-Transmissin Owner ties, Balancing Authrity t Balancing Authrity ties, generatin under AGC cntrl, and return t published regulatin and reserve requirements." PJM

34 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 4: Cmmunicatins Sectin 4: Cmmunicatins Welcme t the Cmmunicatins sectin f the PJM Manual fr System Restratin (M36). In this sectin yu will find the fllwing: A descriptin f the cmmunicatins guidelines fr use during a restratin. 4.1 Cmmunicatins All mdes f cmmunicatin used in pwer system peratins, including vice, print, SCADA, and data exchange, are f great imprtance t the prmpt restratin f the PJM RTO after a majr event that results in shutdwn r separatin. Of the several frms f exchange, vice cmmunicatin is mst critical. Cmmunicatins by dispatchers invlving vice (and printed data) can include exchange with plant peratrs and field persnnel peratrs within neighbring Reliability Crdinatrs, Transmissin Operatrs, and Balancing Authrities, Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner management, identified federal, state, and lcal authrities and agencies. Dispatchers als interact with crprate public relatins departments r ther designated grups that, in turn, issue cmmuniqués t the media that advise the general public f system status and appeals fr actins that custmers may be asked t take. The system restratin prcedures identified earlier in this sectin assume nrmal telecmmunicatins systems are available and functining prperly. These include telephne, internet, micrwave, and radi. Hwever, the pssibility exists that this assumptin may nt be supprted due t the effects f the event leading t shutdwn r separatin, r the system's respnse t the event. As a result, dispatchers and thers may have t use their ingenuity t emply any and all means necessary t establish and maintain cntact with key lcatins thrughut the system (e.g., critical substatins, generating statins, etc.). The pssibility that ne r mre mdes f cmmunicatin may nt be readily available requires that system peratrs and thers be familiar with the rganizatin f their telecmmunicatins netwrk including primary, secndary, and alternate pathways t imprtant lcatins. This pssibility is raised due t the critical rle that cmmunicatins play in the restratin prcess and that prblems may arise despite all effrts taken t assure the reliability f the cmmunicatins systems prir t the event. In additin, these cmmunicatin systems shuld be tested by Transmissin wners at a minimum annually r during the restratin drills. Primary and back-up sites must cntain sufficient cmmunicatins and pwer supplies cnsistent with PJM Manual fr Cntrl Center and Data Exchange Requirements (M-1) Vice Cmmunicatin and Lgging Prtcls The fllwing general and specific subjects are amng the number f cnsideratins that are addressed when develping and implementing system restratin plans: Effective cmmunicatins during nrmal and emergency cnditins are essential. System Operatrs must practice 3-part cmmunicatins cnsistent with NERC COM-002. Supprt Staff participating in cnference calls must adhere t M36, Attachment C: Cnference Call Prtcl. PJM

35 Vice messages have three parts: Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 4: Cmmunicatins Intrductin t get the attentin f the receiver and allw them t fcus Bdy the substance f the message Summary repeat main pints f message Receivers must critically assess the cntent f the message and must get clarificatin if needed befre carrying ut any actin. Lgging is f critical imprtance t dispatchers during restratin f the system and t thers after the system has been restred. Therefre, all lg entries must be cmplete, accurate, and readable. T the extent pssible, lgs include relevant data t supprt strategic decisins as well as specific actins taken. Data regarding the PJM RTO status is imprtant t nte since actins are referenced t cnditins as they were knwn at that time. All entries include the time and identificatin f the dispatcher making the entry. Since lgs are likely examined by varius grups after-the-fact, all entries are in accrdance with Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner prtcls using crrect terms Ntificatins and Cntacts A persn in each Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner and PJM is assigned t act as an infrmatin crdinatr. The Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner individual relays disturbance infrmatin t PJM as sn as it becmes available. This infrmatin is cmpiled and disseminated t all relevant lcatins by PJM infrmatin crdinatr. Ntify Plants Plants are regularly infrmed f system status as it impacts each plant. A persn at each plant is assigned as a statin's cmmunicatr wh is cntinuusly available fr cmmunicatin with the dispatchers during and after synchrnizatin. Ntify Field Lcatins Persnnel in field lcatins are ntified that a system shutdwn has taken place and that rutine wrk n transmissin r distributin facilities is curtailed r cmpleted expeditiusly. Ntify Management Management is kept cntinuusly infrmed f system status during the restratin prcess. Ntify Public Relatins and Authrities A persn in each Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner is assigned t cntact public relatins, and authrities, i.e. D.O.E., NERC, Public Utilities Cmmissins (r equivalent). Dispatchers d nt perfrm this functin. Reprt Status t PJM Cmmunicatins are established immediately between the Transmissin Owners experiencing the disturbance and PJM and directly between adjacent Transmissin Owners r Balancing Authrities. Cntact Neighbring Balancing Authrities Knwledge f the neighbring Balancing Authrities status enhances restratin thrugh PJM RTO f restart surces, reserves, and transmissin reliability. Utilities must have functinal cmmunicatins t gain timely knwledge f the status. SCADA data links with neighbring Balancing Authrities may aid in limiting the amunt f verbal PJM

36 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 4: Cmmunicatins cmmunicatins. Cmmunicatins using nrmal and emergency systems as well as RCIS shuld be utilized t maintain cmmunicatins with PJM neighbrs Evaluate System Status Evaluate Transmissin System Status A system blackut generally causes initial cnfusin and creates a large number f SCADA alarms and reprts. Befre generating units can be restarted, an accurate picture f the transmissin and generatin system must be develped. The first step f the restratin prcess is a cmplete evaluatin f the transmissin system. Energy Management System (EMS) SCADA indicatins shuld be cnfirmed by dispatching field persnnel as required r verifying key indicatins frm ther surces. This EMS SCADA data will be used during the restratin prcess and must be accurate if the prcess is t be successful. All knwn and/r suspected transmissin damage is identified. Wrk can then be initiated n damaged transmissin facilities that are invlved in the black-start prcess t either islate r repair the damaged facilities. Evaluate Generatin Resurces Generatin resurces in any system are cnstantly changing. This is especially true fllwing a partial r cmplete system blackut. The units that are n-line during the event are likely t be ffline and in an unknwn cnditin. Plant persnnel begin an immediate assessment and, as sn as pssible, cmmunicate unit status t the Generatin Owner. This must be cmplete befre any restratin prcess is initiated. This infrmatin is used t develp a black start prcess based n actual unit availability. Cmmunicatins within generating statins need t be independent f nrmal AC pwer surces. Cnsideratin is given t the value f walkie-talkies r ther persnal cmmunicatins devices t expedite the crdinatin effrts in plants during the surveillance, shutdwn, and restart prcesses (as well as the benefits during nrmal peratins) Telephne Systems A functinal cmmunicatin system is critical fr the assessment f the extent f a blackut and determining the status f generatin and transmissin facilities. Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners must review their cmmunicatin systems, regardless f whether it is a private carrier (Telcs), r Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner-wned, r whether it is hardwire (twisted pair), fiber ptic, micrwave r radi. The assessment is essentially the same fr private carrier r Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner wned. The assessment must determine whether there is an adequate pwer surce t the cmmunicatin equipment in rder t handle the duratin f the blackut cnditins. Ability t Receive and Evaluate Custmer Calls In the early stages f system restratin, Transmissin Owners and Distributin Prviders are bmbarded with phne calls frm emplyees and custmers. Frm their perspective, cntinual calls inquiring int status f service prvide n useful purpse. In fact, cntinual custmer calls may be a detriment by degrading the public telephne system t a pint that it is nt functinal. Sme f the ways f mitigating prblems are: autmatic dialing system t ntify emplyees n the status immediate ntificatin f custmer service representative PJM

37 public appeal t limit phne system use pririty call system fr utility dispatcher's phne system Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 4: Cmmunicatins Emplyee Call-ins System restratin requires an enrmus number f tasks fr Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner persnnel t cmplete. It is essential fr Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner t prmptly get their ff-duty persnnel ntified t reprt t duty. Autmatic ntificatin systems can prvide system and plant peratrs with necessary relief f this burden. Fr effective use f extra persnnel, utilities shuld cnsider defining respnsibilities in advance f the event. Cnsideratin must als be given fr rtating persnnel in rder that system and plant peratrs maintain effectiveness SCADA and Lcal Metering SCADA and lcal metering is used t prvide imprtant infrmatin regarding the status f the electric pwer system. During a system cllapse, there are a large number f changes in equipment status and alarms cming int the Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners ffices. SCADA systems are designed s that alarm prcessing des nt inhibit detectin f prblems and are capable f cntinued peratin during system disturbances/blackuts. Field reprts frm persnnel in substatins can be used t verify equipment status and enhance infrmatin btained frm SCADA systems regarding the status f the electric pwer system. These persnnel can als prvide meter readings, breaker status, and reset alarms. Transmissin Facilities Unavailable fr Service in the initial evaluatin phase f the system, switch psitins as shwn n a mnitr display cannt be relied n as the indicatr regarding facilities being available fr service. The dispatcher relies n field verified data t determine if equipment is faulted. Als, equipment with neutral cnnectins, such as reactrs, transfrmers, and capacitrs, may be lcked-ut frm the neutral vercurrent cnditins during system shutdwn. These facilities may be in serviceable cnditin. RTU Operatin withut AC Pwer In rder t be functinal in a blackut, RTUs must nt be dependent n nrmal AC pwer feeds. RTUs, in general, are designed t be pwered by DC frm the statin battery. The RTU interface equipment with the telephne system, such as amplifiers and equalizers must als be independent f nrmal AC pwer feeds. Telephne cmpanies generally try t use nrmal AC pwered equipment thrughut their system, but utilities have a special need. Transmissin Owners shuld include peridic mnitring f RTU and ther cmmunicatin equipment t verify independence frm standard AC pwered equipment feeds as part f their rutine inspectins Cmputer and Operatr Aides The PJM systems, if available, are used by PJM t mnitr and crdinate restratin in the affected areas. The system diagram, 500 kv / 765 kv kv diagram, and generatin bar charts prvide accurate infrmatin and can, therefre, be very useful in determining the extent f the disturbance. The PJM Thermal Tracking Prgram detects the actual verlads n the system. The cntingency verlad feature f PJM s Security Analysis Cmputer Prgrams is f little PJM

38 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 4: Cmmunicatins value until mst f the transmissin netwrk is restred. The cntingency verlad displays, therefre, are either ignred r used as a rugh guide since the cntingency ladings, in many cases, are mre severe than indicated. A manual mnitring prcedure is used as required t check fr nrmal and cntingency verlads using best estimates fr distributin factrs Emergency Pwer fr Cmmunicatins and Related Supprt Systems Telecmmunicatins systems used in cnjunctin with RTUs, perating cmputer systems, telemetry, vice, etc. must be pwered by battery, UPS, r emergency generatrs and be capable f perating during a cmplete system blackut when nrmal AC pwer surces are nt available. Cntrl Centers-UPS Systems All energy cntrl centers must have adequate back-up pwer t prvide a minimum f 24-hur stand-alne capability. Hwever, plans include prvisins t ensure lnger stand-alne capability. Future hardware is designed and pwered by redundant surces, where pssible. Statin Service: AC & DC Pwer The statin battery is ne f the mst critical pieces f equipment in the restratin prcess. Substatins n the bulk pwer system must have adequate battery back-up pwer t prvide a minimum f eight hurs stand-alne capability fr DC equipment. A cmmn battery standard is enugh battery capacity t handle an 8 hur utage f AC pwer t the battery chargers and be able t serve: all nrmal DC lads the largest creditable substatin event at the beginning f the eight hur perid ne full peratin f each substatin device during the eight hur perid Emergency Pwer fr Nn-utility Owned Cmmunicatin Systems Transmissin Owners/Generatin Owners must gain assurance frm telephne and ther telecmmunicatins cmpanies that their systems cntinue t perate prperly in the absence f nrmal AC pwer. This requires them t supprt their systems with back-up batteries and emergency generatrs. Such emergency back-up systems must pwer all critical elements f their system and must be capable f stand-alne peratin fr eight hurs r lnger. Peridic Maintenance and Testing f Emergency Pwer Surces A schedule f maintenance and testing needs t be implemented fr all emergency pwer systems t assure all such systems will prvide reliable service at, r abve, specificatin when needed. Evidence f such maintenance and testing must be prvided by cmpanies which lease their systems t the utilities. The Transmissin Owner peridically tests statin batteries based n a substatin theretical lad prfile in a system blackut, nt based n design criteria r manufacturer specificatins. PJM

39 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 5: Reserves during Restratin Sectin 5: Reserves during Restratin Welcme t the Reserves during Restratin sectin f the PJM Manual fr System Restratin (M36). In this sectin yu will find the fllwing: A descriptin f hw PJM determines synchrnus and dynamic reserves during a restratin. 5.1 Reserves during Restratin There are nly tw categries f reserves that are essential and need t be tracked during system restratin. The Synchrnus Reserve must be mdified slightly fr system restratin purpses. Dynamic Reserve is required t enable the system t be perated safely upn the lss f the "largest energy cntingency" n the intercnnected system. Calculatin f ther reserve categries (i.e., Operating Reserve, etc.), while imprtant, are nt required by the guidelines Synchrnus Reserve Synchrnus Reserve is the reserve capability which is required in rder t enable an area t restre its tie-lines r ther facilities t pre-cntingency state as sn as pssible after a cntingency that causes an imbalance between lad and generatin. During nrmal peratin, these reserves must be prvided by increasing energy utput n electrically synchrnized equipment. But during restratin, custmer lad may als be classified as Synchrnus Reserve. Each area/subsystem must carry enugh Synchrnus Reserve t cver its largest energy cntingency. This Synchrnus Reserve may be either n-line generatin that can be laded within 10 minutes r lad that can be shed manually within 10 minutes. Synchrnus Reserve is required in rder t enable an area/subsystem t restre its system tie-lines t a pre-cntingency state within as sn as pssible after a cntingency. When necessary, Synchrnus Reserve (including manual lad dumping) is used t keep frequency abve 59.5 Hz. (Remember t shed apprximately 6% lad, in a small island, t restre frequency 1 Hz.) Dynamic Reserve Dynamic Reserve is the amunt f reserve that is available in rder t preserve the system during a frequency disturbance. Therefre, the amunt f Dynamic Reserve shuld be enugh t allw the system t survive the lss f the largest energy cntingency. Dynamic Reserve cnsists f tw cmpnents: Reserve n Generatrs reserve n generatrs that is available via generatr gvernr actin during a frequency disturbance t a level at which generatrs nrmally separate frm the system (i.e Hz) (Gvernr respnse). The amunt f Dynamic Reserve needed can be determined by analysis f generatr "lad pick-up factrs" fr units paralleled t the system. These "lad pick-up factrs" are the PJM

40 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 5: Reserves during Restratin maximum lad a generatr can pick up as a percentage f generatr rating withut incurring a decline in frequency belw safe perating levels. "Rule f Thumb" lad pickup factrs are 5% fr fssil steam, 15% fr hydr, and 25% fr cmbustin turbines. A generatr that trips ffline may be cnsidered t have the same effect n a system as picking up lad equal t the tripped generatr's utput n the remaining generatrs. Therefre, the maximum level f dispatch fr a generatr in a system shuld nt be allwed t exceed an amunt ver which the remaining generatrs in a system culd maintain acceptable frequency given a lss f the generatr. T determine the maximum level f dispatch fr a unit, r in ther wrds, the largest acceptable energy cntingency, generatr lad pick-up factrs must be used. Lad with Underfrequency Relaying System lad with underfrequency trip levels abve the frequency at which generatrs will nrmally separate frm the system during a frequency disturbance (i.e Hz). Generatr gvernr respnse takes place in secnds and is smth. Technically, bth lad with underfrequency relaying enabled and generatr gvernr respnse act similarly and are autmatic and can bth be cnsidered as Dynamic Reserve. Mst underfrequency lad shedding relays can trip feeders within a matter f cycles; therefre, it is very valuable because it increases the safe levels f dispatch in a system. In fact, every megawatt f lad with underfrequency lad shedding enabled acts t imprve the ability f a system t withstand a sudden increase f lad r lss f a generatr similar t "generatr gvernr respnse", except that the effect takes place in cycles and is nt as smth. During the early stages f restratin, it is advisable nt t restre lad that has underfrequency relaying enabled. With a small generating base, even small amunts f lad pick-up can cause large deviatins in system frequency. It is advisable t resist picking up lad that has underfrequency relaying enabled until nrmal lad pick-up has been demnstrated t nt cause frequency decay belw the applicable underfrequency trip level. Lad restred with underfrequency relays enabled t early in the restratin prcess can result in frequent autmatic lad shedding. If t much lad is shed, there is a risk f running the frequency t high which may result in an verspeed cnditin. As the generatin base grws, and nrmal lad pick-up des nt cause frequency t decay belw the underfrequency trip levels, it is advisable t start adding lad with underfrequency relays set at the lwest trigger frequency. As the generatin base cntinues t grw, lad shuld be added with increasing underfrequency relays settings. It is advisable t limit the amunt f Dynamic Reserve that cnsists f lad with underfrequency enabled. This is desirable because frequent tripping f lad with underfrequency enabled ccurs unless we als rely n "generatr gvernr respnse" t restre frequency after a frequency decay. If t much lad has been restred with underfrequency relays enabled and an incident ccurs that results in all underfrequency relays perating, there is a risk f having high frequency which may cause an verspeed cnditin. As a guide, n mre than 50% f Dynamic Reserve in a system cnsists f lad with underfrequency enabled. The ultimate gal is t rely ttally n generatr gvernr respnse t restre frequency shuld any credible cntingency which causes frequency decay ccur. This ccurs naturally as system restratin prceeds since many generatrs are paralleled t the system. PJM

41 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 5: Reserves during Restratin Eventually, system restratin reaches a pint where all systems agree t suspend calculatin f Dynamic Reserve since mre than enugh Dynamic Reserve exists t enable the system t survive any credible cntingency. Befre this pint is reached, hwever, Dynamic Reserve must be calculated Sample Dynamic Reserve Calculatins Example #1 A system has 300 MW f steam capacity, 400 MW f cmbustin turbine capacity, and 100 MW f hydrelectric capacity with lad pick-up factrs f 5%, 25%, and 15% respectively. Fifty (50) MW f lad with underfrequency lad shedding enabled has been restred. Gvernr Respnse = 5% x 300 MW 25% x 400 MW 15% x 100 MW = 15 MW 100 MW 15 MW Ttal = 130 MW UF Lad = 50 MW Dynamic Reserve = 180 MW Example #2 Same data as Example #1, except 150 MW f lad with underfrequency lad shedding enabled has been restred. Gvernr Respnse = 130 MW UF Lad = 150 MW N mre than 50% f Dynamic Reserve can cnsist f lad with underfrequency lad shedding enabled. Therefre, the maximum cntributin frm this surce f Dynamic Reserve is 130 MW. Dynamic Respnse = = 260 MW Example #3 A system has 300 MW f steam capacity. Tw hundred (200) MW f this capacity is blcked gvernr respnse due t a unit prblem. The remaining 100 MW f steam capacity has a 5% lad pick-up factr. There is 400 MW f cmbustin turbine capacity available at a 25% lad pick-up factr. There is 100 MW f hydrelectric capacity n-line with a 15% lad pick-up factr and this capacity is fully laded t take advantage f a spilling cnditin. Fifty (50) MW f lad with underfrequency lad shedding enabled has been restred. N gvernr respnse will be available frm the steam units which have blcked gvernrs r frm the hydrelectric units at full utput. Gvernr Respnse = 5% x ( ) MW 25% x 400 MW = 5 MW 100 MW PJM

42 Ttal = 105 MW UF Lad = 50 MW Dynamic Reserve = 105 MW + 50 MW = 155 MW Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 5: Reserves during Restratin Nte: The calculatin f Dynamic Reserve indicates that the ttal cntributin f underfrequency lad shedding shuld nly apprximate fifty percent (50%) f the Dynamic Reserve in the intercnnected area(s). [Hwever, if a cntingency ccurs that reduces the area(s) frequency t a level f the underfrequency relay settings, all f the relays wuld perate and may cause ver-frequency prblems.] During the restratin prcess, it is advisable t restre lad with underfrequency trip enabled by alternating the restred lad amng the three r five underfrequency steps. Cnsideratin may be given t adjusting the calculated Dynamic Reserve fr the gvernr respnse that is prvided by the largest energy cntingency. PJM

43 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 6: Generatin Sectin 6: Generatin Welcme t the Generatin sectin f the PJM Manual fr System Restratin (M36). In this sectin, yu will find the fllwing infrmatin: Hw the generating statins in the PJM RTO respnd during restratin (see Generating Statins ). A descriptin f cranking pwer during restratin (see Cranking Pwer ). 6.1 Generating Statins During restratin, generatin dispatch shuld maintain sufficient lad n each unit t stabilize its peratin. Generating units are laded as sn as pssible t lad levels abve their nrmal minimum pint t achieve reliable and stable unit peratin unless the system cannt survive the cntingency lss f the unit at minimum lad. Once a generatr has achieved its minimum lad level, the generatin dispatch during system restratin is the sle respnsibility f each PJM Member. N generatin is laded abve a level at which there is nt enugh Dynamic Reserve in the intercnnected areas. Each generatr's system t survive the resultant frequency decay shuld that unit trip. Each generatr s dispatch cannt impede the full gvernr respnse f the generatr shuld a frequency decay ccur. Otherwise, adjustments must be made t Dynamic Reserve. If a generating unit is laded t maximum utput, fr instance, n gvernr respnse is available n that unit. In additin, units which have different perating ranges as a result f biler cnfiguratin (i.e., placement f burners, etc.) are nt laded t a pint where the unit's perating limit impedes full gvernr respnse, if frequency decay ccurs. Many generatrs in the PJM RTO are equipped with cntrl systems primarily t increase efficiency. These systems may imprve a generatr's regulatin capability in sme cases; hwever, in a majrity f cases, the respnse t frequency decay is degraded. The inherent characteristic f these cntrl systems which cntributes t degraded frequency decay respnse is the fact that turbine valve mvement is restricted by the biler cntrl t avid large pressure swings in the biler. These cntrl systems negatively affect bth the quality f regulatin n ur system as well as the expected gvernr respnse f ur system t large frequency deviatins. During system restratin, these gvernrs must nt be blcked and plant peratrs must perate the generatr in a mde which allws the gvernrs t respnd t frequency deviatins Generating Statins In the event f a system separatin, and/r shut-dwn, enugh equipment and manpwer is available at generating statins t assure safe shutdwn and t be capable f being restarted as sn as cranking pwer becmes available. The lcal generating statin peratr shuld have sufficient cntrl ver frequency and terminal vltage s that he/she can parallel any generating unit with an external surce at any time it becmes available Plant Shutdwn Generating plant peratrs take necessary actins t perfrm a safe plant shutdwn and prepare equipment fr restart as sn as pssible. PJM

44 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 6: Generatin Generating Plant Cmmunicatins Generating plant reprts are used t determine status, the cnditin, and the availability f the system generating units. Plants als prvide estimates f unit return times. Equipment status is then tabulated by dispatchers. Cmmunicatins must be available t lcal TO dispatchers as well as PJM during a restratin event Cranking Pwer Availability Black Start sufficient resurces fr Black Start units are available t ensure safe shutdwn and be capable f restart as sn as pssible. Black Start unit s peratrs shall nt permit their fuel inventry fr Critical Black Start CTs t fall belw 10 hurs if it falls belw this level, unit peratrs shall ntify PJM and place the unit in Max Emergency. Other Cranking pwer is available t restart generating units at statins r thrugh prtins f internal transmissin systems Plant Starting Prcedure Each steam plant implements start-up prcedures immediately fllwing a plant shutdwn, unless instructed therwise by the dispatcher Ntify Plants The Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner dispatchers ntify each pwer plant abut the extent f the utage and the system status knwn at the time. Plants are regularly infrmed f system status as it impacts each plant. A persn at each plant is assigned as a statin cmmunicatr wh is cntinuusly available fr cmmunicatin with the dispatchers during and after unit synchrnizatin Blcking Gvernrs During system restratin, gvernrs must nt be blcked and plant peratrs must perate the generatr in a mde which allws the gvernrs t respnd t frequency deviatins if this mde f cntrl is available. Generating units which cannt meet this criteria d nt cntribute t Dynamic Reserves Plant Frequency Cntrl It is imprtant that every effrt be made t maintain frequency between and 61.0 Hz. Plant peratrs must take actins n their wn t restre frequency if it falls belw 59.5 Hz r rises abve 61.0 Hz. 6.2 Cranking Pwer As currently designed, many if nt mst units lcated at statins thrughut the PJM RTO trip ffline as a result f a majr event. The shutdwn f these units ccurs autmatically by relay actin r manually by plant peratr interventin t prtect the units. A few units in the PJM RTO are designed t autmatically islate with enugh lcal lad t achieve stable lad/generatin balance. In the event that a unit des islate with lad and is PJM

45 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 6: Generatin able t stabilize within acceptable frequency levels, peratrs shuld exercise prudence in their effrts t pick-up lad r prvide assistance t thers. Shutdwn generating units that d nt have black start capability require start-up cranking pwer frm an ffsite surce. T deliver the cranking pwer, a start-up path cnsisting f transmissin and distributin lines and buses must be established. Each Transmissin Owner s system restratin plan (SRP) must prvide fr cranking pwer t nn-black start units including any necessary arrangements with ther Transmissin Owners r systems as may be necessary t prvide start-up assistance nt readily available within the cmpany's area. The fllwing types f Cranking Paths are defined: Cranking Path transmissin path frm a Black Start unit t anther generatr with the intent t facilitate startup f that generatr t aid in the restratin prcess. Critical Restratin Path (Nuclear) transmissin path frm a Black Start unit (r ther surce) that prvides ffsite pwer t a nuclear plant s auxiliary equipment t allw the nuclear plant t maintain safe shutdwn Critical Restratin Path (Lad) transmissin path frm a Black Start unit (r ther surce) t restre lad that is identified as critical lad in Attachment A Nn-Critical Restratin Path transmissin path frm a Black Start unit (r ther surce) t restre nn-critical lads r facilities as identified in the System Restratin plan Units Requiring Cranking Pwer Fllwing a blackut cnditin, an assessment must be made f the status, cnditin, and availability f system generating units. This survey identifies all available units requiring cranking pwer fr restart. Even units nrmally capable f black start peratin may require cranking pwer due t pre-existing cnstraints r as a result f the event leading t shutdwn. Befre decisins can be made n returning generating units t service, certain facts abut the specific units must be knwn befrehand. Having a tabulatin f the individual unit characteristics, capabilities, and perating restrictins is beneficial when selecting the rder and fit f the units fr the restratin sequence. These facts need t be cmpared t the actual serviceability f these units sn after the disturbance has ccurred, with special emphasis placed n defining any changes t ramp rates, re-start times, minimum r maximum lad and VAR generatin, regulatin capability, fuel availability, r damage that ccurred which might cnstrain unit peratin. Pririty access t start-up pwer is given t ht units that can return t service within 4 hurs. In additin, as cranking pwer becmes available, preference is given t regulating units t assure stable system frequency after they are laded. See Attachment A fr Critical Lad requirements. PJM

46 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 6: Generatin Cranking Pwer Demand Assess cranking pwer requirements frm each statin fr return f individual units. Critical auxiliary lads are picked up in discrete steps, where pssible, t minimize the ttal cldlad pick-up Cranking Pwer Surce and Black Start Paths Cntingency plans fr re-start f all units are prepared, including examinatin f steady state and transient vltages resulting frm pssible system cnfiguratins and switching cnditins in establishing a black start path. Transmissin r distributin crridrs fr supplying start-up pwer are selected, taking extra care t islate and avid damaged facilities, while restring critical AC pwer t key substatin facilities alng the black start path. The integrity f air and gas perated circuit breakers and pressurized il filled cables, as well as relay, cntrl, and cmmunicatins systems at these key substatins depends n the timely restratin f their statins service facilities. Where pssible, field persnnel are used t verify the cnditin f equipment alng the black start path and t verify breaker psitins. Transmissin Owners must include available cranking pwer and transmissin paths in their individual restratin manuals. When start-up pwer r Black Start generatin is required frm anther Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner r Balancing Authrity, arrangements include a determinatin f whether r nt the unit receiving start-up assistance becmes synchrnized t the supplying cmpany r system. Implicatins culd include islatin f the receiving unit frm its wn system r creatin f an unintended intercnnectin between the tw areas. Cranking paths between TO znes must be dcumented within each TO system restratin plan Energize Start-up Lads Auxiliary pwer is restred t the generating sites as sn as pssible t imprve their availability. Statin emergency generatrs and back-up batteries may prvide pwer fr nly the mst essential safety systems, but cannt be cunted n as a surce fr a unit start-up. Early restratin f auxiliary pwer t the nn-black start units will help cntrl equipment damage and minimize the time fr required unit re-starts. PJM

47 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 7: Transmissin Sectin 7: Transmissin Welcme t the Transmissin sectin f the PJM Manual fr System Restratin (M36). In this sectin, yu will find the fllwing infrmatin: Hw PJM prvides vltage regulatin and cntrl during the restratin prcess (see Vltage Regulatin and Cntrl ). A descriptin f the synchrnizing prcess phases (see Synchrnizing ). 7.1 Vltage Regulatin and Cntrl During the restratin prcess, the bulk pwer system is perated s that reasnable vltage prfiles can be maintained (generally 90% t 105% f nminal). Each Transmissin Owner and PJM mnitrs the line vltages n all transmissin circuits, particularly thse that prvide inter-area ties. If the vltage n any bus deviates frm the apprved bandwidth (90% t 105% f nminal) crrective actin must be taken Reactive Regulatin The general strategy is t utilize static devices t absrb r prvide VARs t maintain vltages within acceptable bandwidth. T the extent pssible reactive reserves are maintained n generating units. Adequate distributed reactive regulatin under autmatic vltage regulatin cntrl is maintained thrughut the system. Transmissin shunt capacitr banks are remved frm service t prevent high vltage until sufficient lad (apprximately 40% f system lad) is restred. Shunt reactrs are placed in service t help reduce vltages. Shunt reactrs may be remved frm service, as required, t maintain system vltages abve the minimum desired vltage and within apprved bandwidth. Static VAR Cmpensatrs are in service and n autmatic cntrl. The Transmissin Owners crdinate energizing transmissin lines taking int cnsideratin available reactive reserve s that vltages can be maintained within limits. The Transmissin Owners attempt t balance reactive requirements using line charging, shunt capacitrs, reactrs, unit MVAR capabilities, and static VAR cmpensatrs, if available. PJM is respnsible fr crdinating the restratin f the BES with the TOs. When sufficient lad and generatin is restred t the affected areas t safely absrb the heavy reactive charging current generated, lines may be restred when minimum surce requirements are met. Typical transmissin line charging quantities are presented in exhibit 7. Nminal Vltage 69 kv Line /138 kv Line kv Line kv Line kv Line /138 kv Cable kv Cable kv Cable Exhibit 7: Transmissin Line Charging Charging MVAR/Mile PJM

48 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 6: Generatin Energizatin Guidelines Lines 500 kv / 765 kv lines and transfrmers are energized separately, nt in cmbinatin. Ideally, bth sending and receiving end 500/230 kv transfrmers are energized frm the lw side; the 500 kv / 765 kv line is energized frm the strngest surce; and a parallel made with a 500 kv / 765 kv breaker. Lad the newly energized path apprpriately befre energizing additinal 500 kv / 765 kv lines. There shuld be a minimum f 20 MW f cnnected lad per mile f 500 kv / 765 kv line that is energized. Energize nly transmissin lines that carry significant lad. Energizing extra lines generates unwanted VARS. Line and Transfrmer When energizing a 500 kv / 765 kv bus sectin with a 500/230 kv transfrmer, if nt already pen, pen all 500 kv / 765 kv line breakers (clear bus sectin). Clse the surce end transfrmer's 230 kv breaker. Befre energizing a line, reduce the 500 kv / 765 kv vltage by adjusting the tap n the sending end 500 kv / 765 kv TCUL transfrmer. This minimizes VARS generated by line charging, reducing VAR absrptin requirements n the underlying system and helps cntrl the vltage t less than 500 kv / 765 kv at the receiving end. Transfrmer Vltages Adjust the sending end line vltage t 475 kv r belw. The 230 kv vltage shuld nt exceed 230 kv, preferably as lw as reasnable. Adjust the receiving end line vltage t arund 500 kv / 765 kv and 230 kv (+/- 5%). The receiving end transfrmer tap matches r exceeds the receiving end vltage. This may be difficult if there is n AC statin service pwer at the receiving end substatin. TCUL transfrmers require AC pwer fr peratin which culd be supplied by an emergency generatr, r since the transfrmer is de-energized, the TCUL culd be perated manually. T minimize verheating due t excitatin, befre energizing, the high side transfrmer tap psitin must be abve neutral (receiving end line vltage is typically higher than 500 kv / 765 kv due t charging). Energize the receiving end transfrmer nly after all the abve cnditins are met. A circuit switcher r air switch is a gd device fr energizing a transfrmer because it energizes at a favrable pint f wave (vltage crest) Minimum Surce Guidelines These guidelines are used t determine the ability t safely energize the 500 kv and 765 kv systems with respect t vltage prfiles and fault current availability. These guidelines are cnservative and can be used in the absence f mre detailed study results. Specific situatins may dictate energizing EHV withut all f these guidelines being met. The 500 kv / 765 kv pre-engineering guidelines are: primary and backup relays in service shunt capacitrs ut-f-service Generatin PJM

49 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 6: Generatin 600 MW f electrically clse generatin cnnected 230 kv r higher Electrically clse is defined as less than kv miles prvides adequate shrt circuit current fr fault clearing minimum f 30 MW f generatin per mile f energized 500 kv / 765 kv line Lad minimum f 20 MW f lad per mile f energized 500 kv / 765 kv line Energized Line = Already Energized + The Line Being Energized The energizing guidelines are: Lines 500 kv / 765 kv lines and transfrmers separately Transfrmers ideally frm lw side Lines frm strngest surce Parallel with 500 kv / 765 kv circuit breaker Line and Transfrmers Clear dead bus sectins Clse surce 230 kv circuit breaker Reduce 500 kv / 765 kv vltage via tap changer Minimize line charging Line Terminating t Transfrmer Energize line alne Prevents vervltage due t stuck r slw clsing circuit breaker ples Transfrmer Vltages Sending end, 475 kv r lwer and 230 kv r lwer Receiving end, apprximately 500 kv / 765 kv and 230 kv Receiving end tap equal t, r exceeding, receiving end vltage Use emergency generatr t change transfrmer tap if n AC statin service is available The rules f thumb fr vltage cntrl are based n available analysis: Detailed Analyses Unavailable generatin electrically clse t energizing pint minimum generating capacity, 30 MW/mile f 500 kv / 765 kv t be cnnected lad electrically clse t energizing pint minimum lad, 20 MW/mile f 500 kv / 765 kv t be cnnected PJM

50 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 6: Generatin prvides apprximately 1.8 MVAR lad t prevent machines frm excessive lading peratin When detailed infrmatin abut the system is lacking, the fllwing guidelines prvide a 2:1 safety factr. Generatin must be electrically clse t the pint where the EHV system is t be energized. If available, real-time analysis tls r ff-line studies shuld be utilized t cnfirm afrementined rules f thumb. Descriptin Minimum Generating Capacity 30 MW/ mile f500 kv / 765 kv t be cnnected Minimum Lad 20 MW/mile f 500 kv / 765 kv line t be cnnected Reasn Prvides apprximately tw MVAR/mile VAR absrbing capability at full lad Prvides apprximately 1.8 MVAR/mile VAR lad t prevent machine frm excessive lading peratin. This will help balance the capacitive vltage rise. Exhibit 8: EHV Energizatin Guidelines - Infrmatin Unavailable Detailed Analyses Available minimum f three MVAR f electrically clse VAR absrptin per mile f 500 kv / 765 kv t be cnnected cntrl line vltage t less than 500 kv / 765 kv may be: generatr reactive lad (leading) shunt reactrs reactive lad static VAR cmpensatrs at least 3 MW f electrically clse lad per mile f 500 kv / 765 kv t be energized prvides damping t cntrl vervltage when energizing transfrmers established n underlying system When detailed infrmatin abut the system is knwn, the fllwing guidelines can be used. Generatin must be electrically clse t the pint where the EHV system is t be energized. Descriptin VAR Absrptin A minimum f 3.0 MVAR f electrically clse VAR absrptin per mile f 500 kv / 765 kv line cnnected must be available. May be generatr reactive (leading), reactive lad, shunt reactrs, etc. Static VAR cmpensatr may assist in accmplishing this if available. Reasn This will cntrl line vltage less than 500 kv / 765 kv. PJM

51 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 6: Generatin Descriptin At least 3 MW f lad per mile cntrl f 500 kv / 765 kv line t be energized must be established n the underlying system. Reasn T prvide damping t dynamic ver- vltage when energizing transfrmers. Exhibit 9: EHV Energizatin Guidelines - Infrmatin Available 7.2 Synchrnizatin Restratin f an intercnnected system invlves re-establishing electrical ties between generatrs in tw r mre areas (r subsystems) within a single Transmissin Owner, r between tw r mre Transmissin Owners r systems, by synchrnizing the tw areas t a cmmn speed r frequency. The increased inertia f the resultant enlarged area tends t dampen fluctuatins in frequency and increases the capability f the area t pickup larger blcks f lad and establishes r maintains Dynamic and Synchrnus Reserves. These increased capabilities prmte mre stable peratin, thus facilitating further restratin effrts. Hwever, the benefits f tying tw r mre areas tgether must be balanced with the risk f the synchrnizing prcess and the ability t cntrl the enlarged area t maintain generatin-lad balance within acceptable frequency and vltage bandwidths. On a related nte, implicatins f synchrnizatin need t be evaluated in cases where cranking pwer fr unit restart is prvided by anther Transmissin Owner r system Synchrnizing Prcess Phases Pre-tie Preparatins Mbilize field persnnel and alert generating statin persnnel within bth areas t be jined. Identify line t "tie" areas tgether. The tie line must be f sufficient capacity t carry the anticipated flw between the tw areas. Identify the substatin fr "tie-in". This substatin must be equipped with a synchrscpe that can be used fr synchrnizing the tw areas. Als, it must have reliable cmmunicatin with the system peratr wh will direct the tie-in. In n case shuld synchrnizatin between tw areas be attempted withut either a synchrscpe r synchr-check relay due t the high prbability f equipment damage and pssible shutdwn f ne r bth areas. PJM

52 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 6: Generatin Lcatins f Synchrnizatin Devices Regin Page/ Reference Dcument AEP Appendix B p AEP East System Restratin Manual Rev Atlantic Electric p. 87, Atlantic City Electric System Restratin BG&E Attachment 22 p BG&E System Restratin Manual Rev 4.3 CmEd System Restratin Initial Substatin & Cranking Path maps p CmEd Restratin Manual Daytn p Daytn System Restratin Manual Rev. 10 Delmarva p Delmarva Pwer Restratin Manual Rev. 23 Dminin Sectin p Dminin Restratin Manual Duquesne Attachment 13 Duquesne Restratin Plan Rev DUKE Appendix IX p. 67 DEOK System Restratin Plan EKPC Appendix G p EKPC System Restratin Plan FE-East Attachment A p.34 FE East EOP 005 Pwer System Restratin Plan FE-Suth p FE Suth Pwer System Restratin Plan Rev. 4 FE-West p. 36, 43, 46, 58, 61, 67 FE-West Pwer System Restratin Plan Orange and Rckland Utilities Appendix 1 p. 30 Orange and Rckland System Restratin Plan 6-E PECO Appendix 9 p. 1-3 PECO System Restratin Manual PEPCO Sectin 1 p PEPCO System Restratin Manual PPL Attachment C p PPL Restratin Manual PSE&G p. 25 PSE&G Restratin Prcedure Exhibit 10: PJM Table f Majr Synchrnizatin Devices Preparatin plans must als cnsider additinal lines t clse nce jined, t strengthen ties t prtect against cntingencies. Als, the additinal line(s) may be needed as alternates if synchrnizatin is nt successful n the identified line fr tie in. Evaluate the capabilities f tw areas t be jined and exchange data between Transmissin Owners when nt within a single Balancing Authrity. Each f the tw areas t be jined must demnstrate sufficient capability f maintaining frequency and vltage cntrl in rder t permit synchrnizatin. Additinally, each ne must be strng enugh t withstand the "tie-in" and have the capability t share in the cntrl f the enlarged system. Data Exchange Sheets are used by Transmissin Owners f the tw systems t be tied. PJM

53 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 6: Generatin Synchrnizatin Prir t synchrnizatin, the transmissin wner must cmmunicate with PJM (PJM will crdinate with neighbrs as required) and get apprval fr synchrnizatin. Befre synchrnizing, the frequency f the tw areas must be matched. Adjustments are made by the area mst able t d s (preferably the smaller area). The aim f the ther area is t maintain its frequency at a stable pint. Vltage f the tw areas are as clse as pssible. Ideally, the smaller area adjusts frequency and vltage t that f the larger area. When using a synchrscpe, frequencies are such that the scpe is mving slwly in the fast directin, r with three lights, all lights are ut. Failure t match frequency and vltage between the tw areas can result in significant equipment damage and pssible shut-dwn f ne r bth areas. Pst-tie Fllw-up Crdinated peratin, as agreed t, is carried ut within the enlarged area (subsystem) maintaining frequency cntrl and tie line schedule(s). Dynamic and Synchrnus Reserve requirement are recalculated and re-allcated. Cmmunicatins are maintained n a regular basis between intercnnected areas r systems. Additinal ties are established accrding t plan t strengthen and stabilize the intercnnectin between the tw areas when apprpriate. PJM

54 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 8: System Restratin Plan Guidelines Sectin 8: System Restratin Plan Guidelines Welcme t the System Restratin Plan Guidelines sectin f the PJM Manual fr System Restratin (M36). In this sectin, yu will find the fllwing infrmatin: Hw PJM determines a standard cntent guideline 8.1 System Restratin Plan Guidelines The system restratin guidelines prvide a basis fr a cmmn framewrk fr system restratin plans f the Transmissin Owners, AEP, and PJM. It is recgnized that individual system restratin plans are based n the cncepts: Each Transmissin Owner is respnsible fr restring its wn custmer lad t include identifying critical lads as apprpriate 4 with internal generatin r thrugh crdinated effrts with ther Transmissin Owners. After a subsystem is stabilized, requests frm neighbring Transmissin Owners fr cranking pwer are a higher pririty than restring additinal custmer lad f the supplying cmpany. Any Transmissin Owner that is nt perating in parallel with adjacent Transmissin Owners is free t restre r shed lad in any manner r at any rate it may deem practical. The system restratin plans must be reviewed by the Transmissin Owners at least annually r mre frequently as needed t accunt fr changes in the system cnfiguratin. Fr such changes, the Transmissin Owner in cnjunctin with PJM may amend the restratin plan and determine black start requirements, if either determines that additinal black start resurces are needed. During system restratin, it is critical that AC pwer be restred t key substatins as sn as pssible t maintain the integrity f air and gas perated circuit breakers. Assure that cmmunicatin equipment be independent f lcal AC pwer supply during abnrmal peratin. The lcal generating statin peratr shuld have sufficient cntrl ver frequency and terminal vltage s that he r she can parallel any generating unit with an external surce at any time it becmes available. Enugh equipment and staff are available at generating statins t assure safe shutdwn and t be capable f being restarted as sn as cranking pwer becmes available. It is desirable that restratin plans have redundancy built int them such as, when develping each subsystem, at least tw surces f cranking pwer and black start steam units are included. When a Transmissin Owner can prvide a demnstrable plan t restre adequate service frm an ffsite surce t an energy cntrl center, a substatin, r a generating statin within less time than required in the fllwing guidelines, that plan is then t be cnsidered in cmpliance with PJM black start standards. PJM black start standards are: 4 (NERC EOP-005 Attachment 1-5) PJM

55 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 8: System Restratin Plan Guidelines Energy cntrl centers are prvided with adequate n-site facilities t prvide a minimum f 24 hur stand-alne capability. Substatins n the bulk pwer system are prvided with adequate back-up pwer supplies t prvide a minimum f eight (8) hur stand-alne capability. Generating statins are prvided with a minimum f tw hur stand-alne capability. Base case cnditins exist which include bth a system cnfiguratin fllwing a disturbance and the peratinal status f equipment n the system. It is recgnized that sme equipment failures can and will ccur during a system shutdwn and subsequent restratin. These failures are addressed n an individual basis as they are fund and adjustments are made t system restratin prcedures, where necessary. Fr these guidelines, the assumptins are as fllws: Black start unit is a unit that is capable frm ging t a shutdwn cnditin t an perating cnditin and start delivering pwer withut assistance frm the system. All steam generatrs n-line at the time f the disturbance trip ffline, withut damage. Emergency diesels/batteries, where available, can be used t rtate turbines n turning gear. Emergency start-up pwer is accmplished withut incident. Steam units are available t synchrnize r energize the bus and subsequently lad at times as fund in the PJM Markets database. All telephne and micrwave cmmunicatin systems required fr system peratins are functinal. Emergency energy supply systems are peratinal. Fuel inventries at all peaking units and emergency generatrs are adequate. Transmissin Owner restratin plans are crdinated with the adequacy f the substatin battery capability. All circuit breakers remain peratinal withut statin service being available. Manpwer requirements fr system restratin can be met by available persnnel. Any additinal manpwer is assumed available thrugh existing manpwer prcurement prcedures. Transmissin Owners d nt establish bilateral transactins. In general, a System Restratin Plan includes the fllwing sectins: Ascertaining System Status Determining Restratin Prcess Disseminating System Status Infrmatin Implementing Restratin Prcess Frequency Cntrl Verify Switching Equipment Cnstraints PJM

56 Transmissin Owners Intercnnect Cntinue Verificatins f Switching Equipment Cnstraints Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 8: System Restratin Plan Guidelines Guidelines fr Area Intercnnectin and Use f External Pwer during System Restratin PJM Returns t Nrmal Operatin System Cntrl Prgress Ascertaining System Status Each Transmissin Owner and PJM determine the extent f the service interruptin within its bundaries and infrm the apprpriate persnnel as sn as pssible f existing generatin and transmissin capacities, equipment damage, and ther apprpriate infrmatin. SCADA and lcal metering is used t prvide imprtant infrmatin regarding the status f the electric pwer system. During a system cllapse, there are a large number f changes in equipment status and alarms cming int the respective Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner energy cntrl centers. SCADA systems are designed s that alarm prcessing des nt inhibit detectin f prblems and are capable f cntinued peratin during system disturbances/blackuts. Energy cntrl centers have adequate back-up pwer t prvide a minimum f 24 hur stand-alne capability. Hwever, plans shuld include prvisins t ensure lnger standalne capability. Future hardware is designed and pwered by redundant surces where pssible. Telecmmunicatins systems used in cnjunctin with RTUs, perating cmputer systems, telemetry, vice, etc. must be pwered by battery, UPS, r emergency generatrs and be capable f perating during a cmplete system blackut. Field reprts frm persnnel in substatins can be used t enhance infrmatin btained frm SCADA systems regarding the status f the electric pwer system. These persnnel can prvide meter readings, breaker status, alarms, etc. PJM reprts via the ALL-CALL system prvide infrmatin regarding the extent f the utage knwn at the time. Generatin plant reprts are used t determine unit availability. The dispatchers ntify each pwer plant abut the extent f the utage and system status knwn at the time. Equipment status is tabulated by dispatchers thrugh cmmunicatins with pwer plants. Cranking Pwer Availability Sufficient resurces fr black start units are available t ensure safe shutdwn and be capable f restart as sn as cranking pwer is available. Cranking pwer is available t restart necessary generating units at plants r thrugh prtins f the internal transmissin system. Cnfirm status f plant starting prcedures Each steam plant implements start-up prcedures immediately fllwing plant shutdwn. Steam plants d nt wait t implement start-up prcedures until cntacted by Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner dispatchers. PJM

57 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 8: System Restratin Plan Guidelines Estimated time f return (n-line time) Plants prvide estimates t Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner dispatchers f unit return times. Where applicable at steam pwer plants, statin services are restred as sn as pssible taking int cnsideratin battery limitatins and lss f water/steam in bilers. Units that were able t maintain n-line status have pririty fr additinal lad t achieve stable peratin Determining Restratin Prcess Immediately after a severe system disturbance within the PJM RTO, PJM is nt able t effectively crdinate the peratin f the individual sequestered r blacked-ut areas. During this perid, PJM acts as a crdinatr in the infrmatin and damage assessment center and assist the Transmissin / Generatin Owners as required. The Transmissin / Owner dispatchers immediately implement restratin prcedures as utlined in the restratin plan. System restratin plans are written t address the restratin f a ttally blacked-ut system withut any available cranking pwer frm neighbring cmpanies. Identify restratin strategy based n system status Since electric pwer systems can cllapse int blacked-ut areas surrunding ne r mre islands f generatin and lad, it is necessary t identify an verall restratin strategy based n the current system status. Sequestered generatin can be utilized t prvide cranking pwer, restre transmissin, statin service t substatins, r t restre custmer lad. Organize steps and/r sequential rder f System Restratin Plan (SRP) Once an verall restratin strategy is identified, all r prtins f the SRP are selected as being apprpriate fr use based n the current system status. In additin, the rder f the restratin steps t be used may require changes due t the prevailing cnditins. Assign sectins/steps f the SRP t individuals and begin implementatin Once the steps t be used have been identified, they are assigned t dispatchers r apprpriate persnnel wh begin implementatin f the restratin prcess. Pwer system disturbances are mst likely t ccur as the result f the lss f generating equipment, transmissin facilities, r as the result f unexpected lad changes. These disturbances may be f, r develp int, a magnitude sufficient t affect the reliable peratin f the PJM RTO. The assciated cnditins under severe system disturbances generally result in critically laded transmissin facilities, critical frequency deviatins r high r lw vltage cnditins. Such disturbances can result in equipment damage and a system blackut. Due t the unknwn impact f the system blackut n generatr and transmissin equipment, bth PJM and the Transmissin Owner must be able t adjust restratin strategies based n actual system cnditins. PJM

58 8.1.3 Disseminating System Status Infrmatin Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 8: System Restratin Plan Guidelines Each Transmissin Owner cntinues t determine the extent f the service interruptin within its bundaries and keep the apprpriate persnnel infrmed f the existing generatin and transmissin capabilities and ther apprpriate infrmatin. It is imprtant t have persnnel available t prvide infrmatin n current and future system cnditins. Call in Persnnel by Established Prcedures Establish a pririty call-ut sequence. Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner and PJM management are ntified by the dispatcher. Supprt staff calls are made by a supervisr. This allws the dispatcher t restre the system. The dispatcher als calls in additinal persnnel as needed. Ntify Plants Plants are regularly infrmed f system status as it impacts each plant. A persn at each plant is assigned as a statin cmmunicatr, wh is cntinuusly available fr cmmunicatin with the system peratrs during and after unit synchrnizatin. Ntify Field Lcatins Persnnel in field lcatins are ntified that a system shutdwn has taken place and that rutine wrk n transmissin r distributin facilities shuld be curtailed r cmpleted expeditiusly. Ntify Management Management is kept cntinuusly infrmed f system status during the restratin prcess. Ntify Public Relatins and Authrities A persn in each Transmissin Owner/Generatin Owner is assigned t cntact Public Relatins, and authrities, i.e. D.O.E., NERC, Public Utilities Cmmissins (r equivalent). Dispatchers are nt t be used fr this functin. Reprt Status t PJM Cmmunicatins are established immediately between the Transmissin Owners experiencing the disturbance and PJM and directly between adjacent Transmissin Owners r Balancing Authrities. A persn in each Transmissin Owner and PJM are assigned t act as an infrmatin crdinatr. He r she relays disturbance infrmatin t PJM as sn as it becmes available. PJM is infrmed f the restratin f bulk pwer transmissin lines within an Island r between neighbring PJM cmpanies s that PJM can keep abreast f Transmissin Owner restratin prgress. PJM is als infrmed f generatin lst at each statin, generatin still perating, lad lst and lcatin, and critical vltages thrughut the system Implementing Restratin Prcess See Implement Restratin Prcedure in sectin 3 f this manual Frequency Cntrl See PJM Assumes Frequency Cntrl in sectin 3 f this manual. PJM

59 8.1.6 Verify Switching Equipment Cnstraints Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 8: System Restratin Plan Guidelines SRPs include infrmatin n the limitatins f switching equipment which prevail during the restratin prcess. The limitatins are based n pre-studied examinatin f steady-state vltages and selected switching surge studies. Lad flw slutins are used t examine steady state vltage levels which may exist during the restratin prcess, including thse f pen-ended lines. If necessary, pre-studied switching surge studies are used t identify transient prblems fr questinable switching cnditins. Substatins n the bulk pwer system have adequate battery back-up pwer t prvide a minimum f eight hur stand-alne capability fr DC equipment. Hwever, equipment such as SF 6 circuit breakers r il-filled cables which require AC pwer may be unable t maintain pressure and/r temperature, based n ambient cnditins, beynd ne hur, in which case diesel r ther AC auxiliary pwer supplies shuld be prvided. SF 6 equipment has limited temperature and pressure perating ranges. Withut available AC pwer, temperature r pressure may fall belw the nrmal perating ranges and SF 6 equipment will becme inperable (nrmally 1-6 hurs). Battery vltage decays after lss f AC pwer t the charger. DC equipment (e.g. circuit breaker cntrls, prtective relays, RTUs, etc.) may becme inperative when vltages reach 80% f nminal r less. Air blast equipment has limited pressure perating ranges. Verify nrmal air pressure prir t energizing. Air pressure in pneumatically perated circuit breakers decays after lss f AC pwer. If the air pressure falls belw the perating range, this type f circuit breaker cannt be clsed. Cable il pressure decays after lss f AC pwer. Verify psitive il pressure prir t re-energizing il filled cables Transmissin Owners Intercnnect See Member Intercnnectin in sectin 3 f this manual Cntinue Verificatins f Switching Equipment Cnstraints SRPs include infrmatin n the limitatins f switching equipment which prevails during the restratin prcess. Based n lcatins at which synchrnizatin can take place: Substatins that have the capability f synchrnizing tw systems that are islated frm each ther are identified and included in SRPs. Nrmally, a synchrscpe r synchrnizing lamps are used t synchrnize tw subsystems that are islated frm each ther 5. Based n pre-studied examinatin f steady state vltages and selected switching surge studies: 5 NERC EOP R t resynchrnize the surrunding area(s) vltage, frequency, and phase angle permit. PJM

60 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 8: System Restratin Plan Guidelines Ladflw slutins are used t examine steady state vltage levels that may exist during the restratin prcess, including thse f pen-end lines. If necessary, switching surge studies are used t identify transient prblems fr questinable switching cnditins Guidelines fr Area Intercnnectin and Use f External Pwer during System Restratin Any pprtunity t cnnect t the Eastern Intercnnectin shuld be explred as sn as pssible. Any available energy frm neighbring cmpanies r Balancing Authrities shuld be utilized by a deficient cmpany regardless f the firmness f the energy. Cranking pwer t neighbring cmpanies is t be supplied as a pririty t restring internal custmer lad. A cmpany cnnected t the Eastern Intercnnectin shuld supply any available excess energy fr lad t deficient cmpany. Stability is nrmally nt a cncern in this situatin. There is n need t emply r mnitr Dynamic Reserves fr cmpanies cnnected t the Eastern Intercnnectin. Tw r mre islated islands under different Transmissin Owners that are intercnnecting must adhere t the guidelines set up in Exhibits 15 and 16. Certain infrmatinal items, cntained in Exhibits 15 and 16, are nt required fr an island tying t the Eastern Intercnnectin r tying t a PJM cmpany already cnnected t the Eastern Intercnnectin. These items deal with dynamic reserve and frequency stability. PJM will set up and crdinate any interchange schedules with external Balancing Authrities. When a cmpany cnnects t the Eastern Intercnnectin, it must have adequate Synchrnus reserve by way f available unladed capability n synchrnized generatin and/r lad shedding t cver their largest energy cntingency. It may be pssible t make agreements with the external area t share in cvering f sme f these reserves PJM Returns t Nrmal Operatin Re-establish PJM single cntrl center crdinatin. This ccurs when an ACE can be calculated fr the area t be cntrlled (entire PJM area r prtin) and a return t central crdinated peratin is desired by PJM and the Transmissin Owners System Cntrl Prgress PJM system cntrl may prgress thrugh three stages depending n existing system cnditins. PJM

61 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 9: Crss Znal Crdinatin Sectin 9: Crss Znal Crdinatin Welcme t the Crss-Znal Crdinatin sectin f the PJM Manual fr System Restratin (M-36). In this sectin yu will find the fllwing infrmatin: Hw PJM wrks with the TOs t identify crss-znal crdinatin pprtunities 9.1 Crss Znal Crdinatin f System Restratin Plans PJM will wrk with the TOs t identify areas in the RTO where it wuld be beneficial t crdinate system restratin plans. Analysis n the benefit f pursuing this ptin will be based n the fllwing criteria: 1) Reliability Requirements Reliability requirements including: Prcuring sufficient Black Start resurces t meet critical lad requirements Meeting critical lad restratin timing requirements Meeting redundancy requirements 2) Efficiency Opprtunities Cst Savings PJM will wrk with the TOs n a cst/benefit analysis fr decisins n utilizing crss znal crdinatin. The cst/benefit analysis will require a savings rati f 1.2 (benefit t cst) threshld fr cnsideratin. Cst benefit rati will evaluate: Black Start unit cst differences (savings) Ptential additinal TO csts including crdinatin csts, CIP related csts and ther csts the TO might incur (such as increased training, increased analysis f the restratin plan, increased cmpliance cst, etc) Ptential fr increased efficiency and speed f restratin The fllwing cnsideratins will be evaluated when analyzing crss-znal crdinatin ptins: Technical feasibility requirements including: Maintaining vltages within limits Maintaining MW flws within thermal limits Maintaining dynamic stability f generatin Timing requirements f serving critical lad Test histry and perfrmance histry f Black Start resurce Cmplexity cnsideratins Amunt f switching t establish cranking path(s) PJM

62 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 9: Crss Znal Crdinatin Characteristics f cranking path (length, gegraphy, travel time, number f substatins, vltage level, etc) Staffing availability (field/cntrl rm) t supprt building cranking path t neighbring area SCADA versus Manual cntrl Lgistical crdinatin Adjacent TO znes nly (d nt crss 3 r mre znes) Type f lad restred in each TO zne Ptential additinal TO csts incurred t enable crss znal crdinatin Number f TO znes in crdinatin with a single TO zne TO/State Relatinship cnsideratins States may want pririty f restratin t remain lcal These crss znal pprtunities will be evaluated during the 5 year Black Start selectin prcess (as utlined in Manual M-14D) r upn changes t Black Start capability r critical lad amunts. TOs may als request PJM t evaluate pprtunities. Shuld there be a disagreement abut the lcatin, amunt r number f Black Start resurces, r disagreement between the supplying TO, receiving TO r PJM abut crss znal crdinatin, the fllwing prcess will be fllwed: The parties invlved wuld bring the issue t the SOS-T fr cnsultatin If the parties cntinue t disagree, the issue wuld be referred t the Dispute Reslutin Prcess as detailed in Sectin 5 f the PJM Operating Agreement General ntificatin f initiatin and result f Dispute Reslutin prcess will be given t the Operating Cmmittee There are three pssible levels f Crss Znal Crdinatin as defined in the fllwing subsectins Level One Crss Znal Crdinatin Level ne crss znal crdinatin refers t supplying Black Start generatin frm utside a TO zne t meet that znes critical lad requirements. PJM wuld pursue this ptin in rder t eliminate a Black Start shrtage in a zne (reliability requirement), meet critical lad restratin timing requirements (reliability requirement), imprve restratin speed r efficiency (efficiency pprtunity) r significantly reduce Black Start cst (efficiency pprtunity). Restratin plans wuld remain n a TO basis, but crdinated between TOs. The crssznal crdinatin must be dcumented in bth the receiving TO restratin plan and the supplying TO restratin plan. The supplying TO wuld dcument the cranking path frm the Black Start unit t an agreed upn brder with the receiving TO. The receiving TO wuld dcument the cranking path frm the agreed upn brder with the supplying TO t the critical lad that is being supplied. Black Start redundancy will be evaluated n a TO znal basis (2 BS units allcated t each TO zne, thugh physically may be utside zne) PJM

63 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 9: Crss Znal Crdinatin Figure 1 Example f level ne crss znal crdinatin. In this example Black Start units ne and tw bth supply TO Zne A even thugh Black Start Unit tw is lcated in TO Zne B Level Tw Crss Znal Crdinatin Level tw crss znal crdinatin refers t supplying critical lad and/r custmer lad pckets acrss TO znes. A single Black Start resurce may be used t serve critical lad in multiple TO znes. PJM, in cllabratin with TOs, wuld pursue this ptin in rder t eliminate a Black Start shrtage in a zne (reliability requirement), meet critical lad restratin timing requirements (reliability requirement), imprve restratin speed r efficiency (efficiency pprtunity) r significantly reduce Black Start cst (efficiency pprtunity). Restratin plans wuld be n a TO basis, but crdinated between TOs. The Level tw crss znal crdinatin must be dcumented in bth TO Restratin Plans. Redundancy wuld be n a TO basis (2 BS units allcated t each zne, thugh physically may be utside zne) Figure 2 Example f level tw crss znal crdinatin. In this example Black Start unit tw is shared between TO Zne A and TO Zne B. Critical lad is restred frm this unit in bth znes Level Three Crss Znal Crdinatin Level three crss znal crdinatin refers t fully aggregate TO restratin plans int a cmbined plan fr a newly defined Restratin regin. This culd be dne t eliminate a Black Start shrtage in a zne (reliability requirement), meet critical lad restratin timing PJM

64 Manual 36: System Restratin Sectin 9: Crss Znal Crdinatin requirements (reliability requirement), imprve restratin speed r efficiency (efficiency pprtunity) r significantly reduce Black Start cst (efficiency pprtunity). Level three crss znal crdinatin wuld invlve merging f 2 r mre existing TO znes r creating new Restratin Regins (new bundaries). There wuld be ne Restratin plan fr the aggregated area(s). Redundancy requirements wuld be evaluated n a Restratin regin basis. Figure 3 Example f level three crss znal crdinatin. In this example a new Restratin Regin (A) is created frm TO Znes A, B and C. The TO znes wuld aggregate their restratin plans int ne plan. PJM

65 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment A: Minimum Critical Black Start Requirement Attachment A: Minimum Critical Black Start Requirement A.1 Critical Black Start Criteria A.1.1 Gal The PJM System Restratin Senir Task Frce (SRSTF) was charged by the Markets and Reliability Cmmittee (MRC) with the task f examining the current System Restratin planning prcess t determine its viability and efficiency mving frward in light f pending Black Start unit retirements. The SRSTF develped requirements fr the amunt and redundancy f Black Start generatin based n critical lad requirements. Specific black start data 6 t include fuel resurces fr black start pwer fr generating units, available cranking and transmissin paths, and cmmunicatin adequacy and prtcl and pwer supplies are cntained in the PJM Black start database. A.1.2 Minimum Critical Black Start Requirement This attachment t the PJM Manual fr System Restratin (M-36) defines the Minimum Critical Black Start Requirement n each transmissin zne (r restratin area if level 3 crss znal crdinatin is utilized) t be the sum f critical cranking pwer lad, gas infrastructure critical lad and nuclear ff-site statin light and pwer lad requirements, with an allwance fr exceptins r additins based n unique circumstances. Critical Lad cnsists f the fllwing cmpnents: 1. Cranking pwer t all units with a ht start time fur hurs r less* 2. Off-site Nuclear Statin Light and Pwer (t maintain safe shutdwn) 3. Critical Natural Gas Infrastructure (such as electric cmpressrs) 4. Exceptins r additins t the criteria shwn abve will be allwed with PJM apprval a. SOS-T endrsement will be sught fr these exceptins and additins. b. One such example culd be t address cping pwer needs fr steam units that cannt be supplied by resurces ther than Black Start. c. Exceptins t critical cranking pwer are made fr intermittent generatin (i.e. wind, slar) d. Exceptins t critical cranking pwer will be cnsidered n a case by case basis fr: i. Cmplex cranking paths fr minimum ICAP gain ii. Nn-dispatchable units r units with very high mimimum limits PJM

66 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment A: Minimum Critical Black Start Requirement *Nte: Fr generating statins with multiple units (0-4 hur start), cnsider the impact n restratin time if nly enugh critical lad was carried t start ne f the units at the statin. This unit culd then supply the ther units at the statin with auxiliary pwer. If ding this wuld increase restratin time significantly, critical lad will be identified fr all units at the statin. Cnsideratin will als be given t whether plant persnnel can start all units at the plant in parallel given physical plant r resurce cnstraints. Nte: PJM will utilize the abve definitins fr critical lad in the 5 Year Black Start Selectin Prcess scheduled fr late 2013/early Fllwing the selectin f Black Start units that wuld best meet these critical lad requirements, cranking paths will be updated in TO system restratin plans and the PJM Black Start database. Prir t transitining t these new cranking paths, TO restratin plans may reflect the previus definitin f cranking pwer (ffsite pwer t steam units with 8 hur r less start time). Off-site pwer shuld be restred as sn as pssible t nuclear units, bth units that had been perating and thse that were already ff-line prir t system disturbance, withut regard t using these units fr restring custmer lad. Nuclear units that are taken ff-line n a cntrlled shutdwn can nrmally be restred t service between 24 and 48 hurs fllwing the cntrlled shutdwn. A list f critical substatins that serve Gas Infrastructure critical lad will be dcumented in the Transmissin Owner s Restratin Manual Required Black Start = 110% (Critical Lad requirement) n a lcatinal basis This will accunt fr an average frced utage rate (5%) plus an allwance fr additinal, unexpected Critical Lad (5%). It is recgnized that while this requirement is generally specified n a TO znal basis, that znes may be aggregated, as described in Sectin 9 (crss znal crdinatin), such that the Black Start resurces may physically lie in adjacent znes. In additin, PJM recgnizes the need fr sme redundancy in Black Start generatin. Redundancy allws fr system restratin even if sme Black Start resurces are unavailable, ptential system damage precludes use f certain Black Start resurces and als allws fr variance between Critical Lad calculatins and actual needs. T achieve this redundancy: PJM will ensure a minimum f tw Black Start resurces are allcated t each transmissin zne with a Critical Lad requirement. Nte that the Black Start resurces are nt required t be physically lcated within the zne t which they are allcated. Hwever, each zne must be able t identify within their system restratin plan the tw resurces allcated t them during a system restratin. Exceptins t this tw resurce rule will be allwed with PJM and System Operatin Subcmmittee-Transmissin (SOS-T) endrsement. Generatin Owners must ntify PJM and Transmissin Owners if a critical blackstart fuel resurce at maximum stated utput falls belw 10 hurs. Additinally, ff-site pwer shuld be prvided t Nuclear Generatin cnsistent with the timelines identified in the Transmissin Owner s Restratin Plan r NPIR agreements. PJM, in cllabratin with the TOs, will select Black Start units t meet Critical Lad requirements during the 5 year Black Start Selectin prcess described in PJM Manual M- PJM

67 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment A: Minimum Critical Black Start Requirement 14D, Generatr Operatinal Requirements. PJM will utilize the Black Start Replacement Prcess, as described in PJM Manual M-14D fr changes t Black Start availability r Critical Lad requirements that ccur within the 5 year perid. PJM, in its rle as Transmissin Operatr (TOP), is respnsible fr selecting the Black Start resurces fr a system restratin plan. PJM wuld wrk clsely with the TOs t identify these units based n: Critical Lad requirements Available Black Start resurces Minimum number f Black Start resurces allcated t a zne Pssible crss znal crdinatin pprtunities PJM will utilize the start time parameters and test data t evaluate the Black Start resurces and whether these resurces will meet the requirements f the restratin plans. PJM may require sme Black Start resurces t adhere t less than a 3 hur start time given critical lad restratin timing requirements. These units will be ntified f this timing requirement and tested t it during annual Black Start testing. PJM recgnizes that Black Start resurces with three hur start times may nt apprpriate t meet nuclear pwer ff-site safe-shutdwn lad restratin requirements. The target restratin time fr ff-site pwer t nuclear statins is 4 hurs. The TO will adjust its system restratin plan based n the Black Start units allcated t it frm this selectin prcess. The TO has the ptin f prcuring additinal Black Start resurces (if nt already prcured by PJM), but the csts f these resurces will be recvered, if necessary, utside f the PJM Open Access Transmissin Tariff (OATT). Shuld there be a disagreement abut the lcatin, amunt r number f Black Start resurces, r disagreement between the supplying TO, receiving TO r PJM abut crss znal crdinatin, the fllwing prcess will be fllwed: The parties invlved wuld bring the issue t the SOS-T fr cnsultatin If the parties cntinue t disagree, the issue wuld be referred t the Dispute Reslutin Prcess as detailed in Schedule 5 f the PJM Operating Agreement General ntificatin f initiatin and result f Dispute Reslutin prcess will be given t the Operating Cmmittee Underfrequency Islanding Schemes and Lad Rejectin Schemes are cnsidered an acceptable alternative t slely maintaining critical black start units, r can be utilized in cnjunctin with critical black start units as a means t serve critical lad during restratin. PJM

68 A.1.3 Backgrund A. Restratin Targets / Assumptins: Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment A: Minimum Critical Black Start Requirement A system assessment fllwing a blackut is a critical first step in identifying an verall system restratin time. While PJM and its Members wrk t restre the integrity t the intercnnectin as quickly and safely as pssible, there are a wide variety f factrs that can influence a system restratin. Fllwing a system assessment, estimates f restratin times f the Bulk Electric System (BES) transmissin and custmer lad restratin estimates can mre accurately be made. The fllwing assumptins are applied t planning fr a System Restratin: Ttal system blackut (n assistance frm external systems) Nrmal weather pattern (nt a result f a natural disaster r extreme weather) Intermediate t peak lad level (marginal steam units ht) Minimal equipment damage (transmissin/generatin). Nrmal wrking hurs (sufficient persnnel lcated in field r n-call) Variables such as the current scheduling strategies, the amunt f nuclear units perating, lad levels, weather cnditins, equipment damage and the amunt f direct purchases may impact restratin times.. Lnger restratin times may result frm disturbances during ff-peak hurs r disturbances resulting frm extreme weather patterns. Faster restratin times may be pssible dependent upn actual system separatin bundaries, the ability t imprt generatin and status f equipment. Other high pririty lad which shuld be cnsidered early in the restratin prcess include: Cranking pwer t generatin with greater than 4 hur start time. Pwer t electric infrastructure in accrdance with timeframe defined in restratin manual. Light and Pwer t restre critical substatins (if applicable) Pumping plants fr undergrund cable systems Critical Cmmunicatin Equipment Critical cmmand and cntrl facilities Underfrequency lad shed circuits Underfrequency lad shuld be restred cnsistent with the guidelines cntained in Sectins 2, 3, and 5 f the PJM Manual fr System Restratin (M-36). Black Start generatin will nt be specifically prcured t meet these lads. Sufficient generatin shuld be available in the early stages f system restratin t restre these lads. The Transmissin Owner s Restratin Plan will identify the imprtance f restring these lads, althugh the Transmissin Owner may chse nt t explicitly quantify; ensuring these lads are restred as the restratin prcess prgresses. PJM

69 B. Selectin f Critical Black Start Replacement Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment A: Minimum Critical Black Start Requirement Minimum Critical Black Start Criterin The minimum critical black start criterin is measured against a transmissin wner s definitin f critical lad. If a transmissin zne level f critical black start falls belw that transmissin znes definitin f critical lad, additinal existing black start generatin wuld need t be declared/cmpensated as critical black start r replacement black start generatin wuld need t be prcured if there is insufficient pre-existing black start capability (refer t the PJM Manual fr Generatr Operatinal Requirements (M-14D), Sectin 10: Black Start Generatin Prcurement). Variables fr Critical Black Start Replacement Determining the amunt f critical black start generatin by transmissin zne depends upn the physical characteristics f the units, transmissin system, and prximity f the critical black start generatin t the critical lad, as well as the installed capacity and reactive capability f the critical black start generatr. The fllwing variables shuld be cnsidered when selecting the size and lcatin f critical black start replacement: Critical black start generatin shuld be electrically dispersed within the Transmissin zne. The placement f critical black start units shuld: Prvide sufficient redundancy within an electrical area t prtect against equipment failures, allwing the executin f the dcumented restratin plan. Ensure multiple transmissin utlets, prtecting against equipment damage. Ensure a minimum f 2 critical black start generatrs per Transmissin Zne. Nte: Replacement black start utside the bundaries f the Transmissin Zne shuld be cnsidered. The fllwing factrs shuld be cnsidered in ranking the benefits f replacement Black Start Generatin. Lcated at Plant It is mre beneficial t c-lcate Black Start generatin at a statin with multiple generatrs. Electrically clse t Critical Lad. Sme cnsideratin may be given t lcatin based n fuel diversity f critical steam. Start time f the Black Start unit Sized apprpriately (MW and MVAR lead/lag) Black Start Generatin must be sized apprpriately t prvide sufficient MW t restre critical lad and sufficient MVAR capability fr vltage cntrl. Transmissin utlet(s) / sufficient lad fr vltage cntrl Units that are nt c-lcated at a statin shuld ensure multiple transmissin utlets s that the Black Start generatin is nt bttled in the event f equipment damage. Additinally, Black Start generatin size requirements may increase depending upn the electrical clseness t critical steam in rder t restre sufficient lad t maintain vltage cntrl. PJM

70 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment A: Minimum Critical Black Start Requirement Hydr limitatins (fuel diversity cncerns) Restratin Plans shuld nt rely t heavily n ptential fuel limited resurces and shuld cnsider fuel diversity. PJM

71 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment B: Restratin Frms PJM COMPOSITE INITIAL RESTORATION REPORT Date: / / Time: Generatin Data by transmissin Zne Attachment B: Restratin Frms Cmpany Reprt Time: PJM Cmpany: RECO PS PE AE DPL PL UGI JC ME PN BC PEP DOM FE-S DLCO DAY AEP COM FE-W CPP DUKE EKPC Ttal Generatin Lst (Capacity) MW Generatin still Operating Capacity (MW) Generatin still Operating Energy (MW) # f Generatrs n Line # f Subsystems Lad Data by Transmissin Zne Cmpany Reprt Time: PJM Cmpany: RECO PS PE AE DPL PL UGI JC ME PN BC PEP DOM FE-S DLCO DAY AEP COM FE-W CPP DUKE Ttal Custmer Lad Lst MW % f Custmer Lad Lst # f Custmers Lst (000) % f Custmers Lst Estimate fr Ttal Restratin (Date/Time) Exhibit 11: PJM Cmpsite Initial Restratin Reprt HRs PJM

72 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment B: Restratin Frms Reprting Cmpany: Reprting Cntact: COMPANY INITIAL RESTORATION REPORT Date: Time: Generatin Lst (Capacity) MW Generatin Still Operating (Capacity) MW Generatin Still Operating (Energy) MW # f Generatrs n Line # f Subsystems (Islands) Custmers Lad Lst MW % f Custmer Lad Lst % # f Custmers Lst in (000) THS. % f Custmers Lst % Ttal Restratin Expected t be Cmpleted by, Date/Time Equipment Damage: Cmments (Any utside ties with systems external t PJM that may have survived, etc.): Capacity Rated Lad Carrying Capability Energy - MW Lading n a Machine Exhibit 12: Cmpany Initial Restratin Reprt PJM

73 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment B: Restratin Frms Operatr: PJM COMPOSITE HOURLY RESTORATION REPORT Date Time Generatin Data by transmissin Zne HRs Cmpany Reprt Time: Cmpany: Generatin Lst Capacity (MW) Generatin still Operating Capacity (MW) Generatin still Operating Energy (MW) RECO PS PE AE DPL PL UGI JC ME PN BC PEP DOM FE-S DLCO DAY AEP COM FE-W CPP DEOK EKPC Ttal PJM # f Generatrs n Line # f Subsystems Lad Data by Transmissin Zne Cmpany Reprt Time: Cmpany: RECO PS PE AE DPL PL UGI JC ME PN BC PEP DOM FE-S DLCO DAY AEP COM FE-W CPP DEOK EKPC Ttal PJM Custmer Restred MW % f Custmer Restred # f Custmer Restred % f BES Restred Estimate ft Ttal Restratin (Date/Time) PJM Damage Summary Since Last Reprt: Cmments: Exhibit 13: PJM Cmpsite Hurly Restratin Reprt PJM

74 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment B: Restratin Frms COMPANY HOURLY *GENERATION RESTORATION REPORT Date: Time: Reprting Cmpany: Transmissin Zne: Cmpany Cntact: Estimated Time t Cmplete Ttal Restratin: Date: Time: GENERATION REPORT: MW LOAD RESTORATION REPORT: MW Generatin: Capacity n Line Ttal Custmer Lad Restred Generatin: Energy n Line # Of Custmers Restred (000) # Of Generatrs n Line % Custmers Restred # Of Subsystems (Islands) % Custmers Restred Last Hur CAPACITY DUE IN: Generatin in One Hur (1) Generatin in Three Hurs (3) Generatin in six Hurs (6) UNITS ON LINE SINCE LAST REPORT Statin Unit MW Statin Unit MW UNITS EXPECTED DURING NEXT HOUR Statin Unit MW Statin Unit MW Damage detected since last reprt / cmments: CRANKING POWER Frm Cmpany t Statin kv Time Frm Cmpany t Statin kv Time Exhibit 14: Cmpany Hurly Generatin Restratin Reprt *may be required mre ften PJM

75 Date: Reprting Cmpany: Cmpany Cntact: Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment B: Restratin Frms COMPANY TRANSMISSION RESTORATION REPORT Time: **This reprt shuld be submitted every 10 lines restred r 30 minutes. During drills, reprts may be e- mailed t RestratinDrill@pjm.cm. All Transmissin Owners will use facility listings fr their transmissin systems which include the fllwing infrmatin: EXAMPLE DATA ID Facility Identificatin Date Time Energized since Restred Restred Last Reprt (?) 5003 Keystne Cnemaugh 01/01/ X 5004 Keystne Juniata X Expected in Next Hur (?) ID Facility Identificatin Date Restred Time Restred Energized since Last Reprt (?) Expected in Next Hur (?) Exhibit 15: Cmpany Transmissin Restratin Reprt PJM

76 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment B: Restratin Frms Exhibit 16: Intercnnectin Checklist PJM

77 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment B: Restratin Frms PJM ASSUMES CONTROL Date: Time: Reprting Cmpany: Regulatin MW Synchrnus Reserve MW Frequency Cntrlled by: Frequency Maintained Frm t HZ DYNAMIC RESERVES: Underfrequency Relays: Percent at 59.5 HZ % Percent at 59.3 HZ % Percent at 59.1 HZ % Percent at 59.0 HZ % Percent at 58.9 HZ % Percent at 58.7 HZ % Percent at 58.5 HZ Gvernr Respnse: Steam MW CT s MW Hydr MW Lad Pick - up Factrs: Steam Units 5% CT s 25% Hydr Units 15% Ttal Lad with Underfrequency Relaying Ttal Gvernr Respnse: Ttal Dynamic Reserves: MW MW MW INTERCHANGE SCHEDULES (Cmpany T Cmpany, Cmpany T Outside) Frm C. T C. MW Frm C. T C. MW Cnnected Lad 765 kv MW f Cnnected Lad MW 500 kv MW f Cnnected Lad MW 345 kv MW f Cnnected Lad MW 230 kv MW f Cnnected Lad MW Minimum Surce Requirements: Cmments: Exhibit 17: PJM Assumes Cntrl PJM

78 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment C: Cnference Call Prtcl Attachment C: Cnference Call Prtcl Cnference calls shuld be as brief as pssible with nly issues requiring immediate attentin being discussed. Each cmmittee shuld designate an fficial leader fr all cnference calls, typically the chairman f the cmmittee. Cnference calls shuld be cnducted frm a quiet lcatin. Side cnversatins shuld be prhibited t prevent distractins during calls. Cnference call participants shuld utilize phne muting capabilities, avid the use f cell phnes whenever pssible, and avid placing the cnference call n hld. When cnference calls are cnducted as jint calls between cmmittees, there shuld be a clear understanding f wh the spkes persn is fr each cmpany. The leader shuld cmmunicate an Agenda t the members prir t the call if time permits. Otherwise, at the start f the meeting, the leader shuld annunce the Agenda and ask fr additinal Agenda items. It shuld be made clear that nce the Agenda is finalized, nly items n the Agenda will be discussed. Status infrmatin, spreadsheets, r ther text t be discussed during the cnference call shuld be ed r faxed t participants prir t the call with sufficient lead time t allw fr delivery and review. Issues nt relating t the grup as a whle shuld be handled by a separate cmmunicatin between the invlved parties. Cmmittee members shuld make every attempt t enter the cnference call by r prir t the specified time f the call. The start f the call shuld nt be delayed waiting fr participants t jin. At the start f the call, the leader will initiate a rll call. At this time, it is the respnsibility f the individual cmmittee members t annunce and intrduce any guests n the call. Guests shuld channel all cmments thrugh the cmmittee members unless asked t address a certain issue. All speakers shuld identify themselves when speaking. It s the leader s respnsibility t encurage participatin by all, while als keeping the meeting n track. Silence des nt indicate agreement. When vting n issues, the leader shuld pll each cmmittee member. It shuld be predetermined hw much agreement is needed n an issue fr its apprval. The meeting shuld be summarized by the leader highlighting all decisins, actin items and pririties. The next cnference, if needed, shuld be set up at this time. In crisis situatins, actin items resulting frm the cnference call shuld be sent t all cmmittee members as sn as pssible fllwing the end f the call. In rutine situatins, minutes shuld be sent ut by the end f the fllwing day. Use muting capability when nt speaking. D nt place call n hld. Avid cell phnes, if pssible. PJM

79 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment D: Restratin Drill Guide Purpse f Guide Attachment D: Restratin Drill Guide T dcument prcedures fr simulating and, where practical, testing and verifying the plan resurces and prcedures as well as PJM s annual system restratin requirements and gals 7. This guide will als be used as t train perating persnnel in the implementatin f the restratin plan. The training will include at least tw annual simulated exercises as required by EOP R10. Drill Lgistics PJM hlds an RTO-wide restratin drill each spring. The drills are cnducted utilizing the Dispatcher Training Simulatr (DTS). A team f PJM System Operatrs crdinate the restratin effrts f all member cmpanies, wh perate frm their ffices, utilizing their DTS, if available. The member cmpanies crdinate with their field persnnel. The bttm-up apprach t system restratin is emphasized during the drills n the DTS, such that it is clearly demnstrated that critical black start units within each zne s system restratin plan can perfrm their intended functin. System Operatins Subcmmittee (SOS) cnference calls are held peridically thrughut the drill. A debrief and critique fllws each drill. These drills are ne-day events. PJM will wrk with the System Restratin Crdinatrs Task Frce t fcus training and drills n a variety f ptential scenaris that culd result frm a system blackut and restratin. In the fall f each year, PJM hsts "individual transmissin zne drills at the PJM Milfrd facility. Fr these drills, each Transmissin Owner sends a team t PJM t drill n restring its system using PJM s DTS r PJM System Operatrs travel t the TO DTS. The PJM System Operatrs wrk side by side with the member dispatchers in this effrt. The tp-dwn apprach t system restratin is emphasized. A debrief and critique fllws each drill. Transmissin Owners test telecmmunicatin facilities that are needed t implement their restratin plan as part f the semi-annual PJM Restratin Drill if nt dne therwise during the year. In accrdance with NERC standard EOP R10 and R10.1: PJM expects participatin in the Fall and Spring drills by all Transmissin Owners with a lad serving bligatin. PJM invites Generatin Owners that are integral t the restratin plan t participate in the Fall Restratin drills. This includes the Black Start unit wners, nuclear generatin wners and wners f units that receive cranking pwer frm the Black Start units. Other Generatin Owners may be invited as requested. Generatin Owners participate frm their respective cntrl rms thugh in sme cases may be nsite at PJM r the member TO training rms. The Generatin Owner will cmmunicate with the TO and PJM peratrs during the drill regarding issues f cranking pwer, unit startup and unit lading. PJM encurages Generatin Owner participatin in the Spring RTO-wide drill, but des nt require it. 7 NERC EOP R6. PJM

80 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment D: Restratin Drill Guide Transmissin Owner restratin plans are tested n at least a semi-annual basis, cnsistent with the PJM Restratin Drill schedule. As part f the drill pst-assessment, PJM and Transmissin Owners verify the plan resurces and prcedures. Additinal Transmissin Owner simulatins r tabletp exercises are cnducted t ensure Transmissin Owner persnnel are familiar with PJM and Transmissin Owner restratin plans. Transmissin Owner Training Staff retain persnnel training recrds that demnstrate PJM Certified perating persnnel have been trained annually in the implementatin f restratin cncepts and the PJM and Transmissin Owner restratin plans 8. Training recrds are prvided t PJM n an annual basis r as requested. PJM and Transmissin Owners verify the restratin prcedure during the semi-annual PJM System Restratin Drill and internal drills. Transmissin Owners review and update their restratin plans at least annually and whenever it makes changes in the pwer system netwrk, and shall crrect deficiencies fund during the simulated restratin exercises. 8 NERC EOP R10. PJM

81 Drill Objectives Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment D: Restratin Drill Guide A set f bjectives fr each restratin drill is set fr that specific drill. These bjectives are prpsed by the System Restratin Crdinatr Task Frce (SRCTF), and apprved by the SOS. The fllwing are the typical drill bjectives: Fster a greater understanding between the cmpany and PJM System Operatrs as t the respnsibilities and functins f each grup during a restratin. Utilize bth the tp-dwn and bttm-up apprach during the drill, understanding that initial actins will have t be bttm-up fr cmpanies that are blacked-ut and islated (all f PJM). PJM will take a practive apprach in identifying pprtunities t assist TO in the restratin prcess. PJM will crdinate restratin pprtunities at the Shift Supervisr level. Direct the restratin f all available 765 kv and 500 kv transmissin facilities. Target restratin f ne ffsite surce fr safe shutdwn t all nuclear units within 4 hurs. PJM t facilitate all interactins and schedules with utside pls. Crdinate the restratin prcess with fuel-limited r unavailable generatin and pssibly damaged transmissin equipment. T facilitate training and familiarizatin f transmissin wner restratin plans fr PJM System Operatrs. Example Drill Scenaris Each drill has a specific scenari develped by the SRCTF, and apprved by the SOS. The fllwing is an example f a spring scenari: PJM will have experienced a cmplete system shutdwn. The nly surviving islands will be thse designed t survive via autmatic islatin schemes in the AP zne. The disturbance will have ccurred as fllws: 0658 hurs A majr ice strm mved int the PJM territry during the early mrning hurs, and steadily intensified. West t East transfers were high. Several transmissin lines were lst simultaneusly, resulting in the separatin f PJM frm the Eastern Intercnnectin. It was nt initially knwn which transmissin facility was the initiating event. The cascading utages caused stability prblems at several generating statins. Several majr units were lst ver the next tw minutes hurs Due t lw frequency, the PJM island cllapses. The status f PJM s neighbrs is unclear. Generatin / Transmissin / Details The drill will utilize the generatin and transmissin utages that exist n the day f the drill. Any facilities unavailable n that date will als be unavailable fr the drill. Interchange Details Initially, n utside assistance will be available. This will require all cmpanies t begin the drill utilizing a bttm-up apprach nly. Shuld utside assistance becme available as the drill PJM

82 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment D: Restratin Drill Guide prgresses, thse pprtunities will be presented t the affected cmpanies n a case by case basis. In a fall scenari, the drilling transmissin zne wuld have separated frm the RTO. The disturbance will extend int neighbring znes t varying degrees, based upn specific drill bjectives. Drill Summary / Synpsis The PJM Drill Crdinatr r designee will dcument drill results fr the System-wide drill and prvide a debrief at the fllwing cmmittees: System Restratin Crdinatrs Task Frce Dispatcher Training Subcmmittee System Operatins Subcmmittee Nuclear Generatin Owner/Operatr Users Grup PJM

83 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment E: Cmmunicatins, Prtcls and Testing Attachment E: Cmmunicatins, Prtcls and Testing PJM will peridically test its telecmmunicatin facilities needed t implement the restratin plan. This testing will include the fllwing: Participatin in weekly updates f PJM satellite cmmunicatins equipment as required in Manual 01 and utlined in the PJM satellite phne test prcedures. PJM EMS Cmmunicatins failver tests as utlined in the PJM perating mems. PJM Transmissin Owners, Transmissin Operatrs (AEP), and Black start Generatin Operatrs shall peridically test their telecmmunicatins facilities which are critical t implementing the black start plan. The fllwing types f cmmunicatins shuld be cnsidered in annual testing r during the annual restratin drills: systems t cmmunicate with PJM and black start units telecmmunicatins systems such as radi, fax, and micrwave systems t cmmunicate with crews PJM

84 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment F: Transmissin Owner and Blackstart Supprting Dcumentatin References Attachment F: Transmissin Owner and Blackstart Supprting Dcumentatin References Training recrd dcumentatin required fr perating persnnel as required by EOP R10 and EOP R9 is lcated in bth the PJM Learning Management System recrds as well as the training recrds f the individual transmissin wners. PJM maintains a database (Black Start Database) f black start units which includes the details fr Black start units as required by EOP R1.4. Figure 1 includes specific references prvided by the transmissin wner dcumentatin t supplement the details required fr the PJM restratin plan as required by EOP R1. This table will be updated cncurrent with M-36 updates. Hwever, the mst up t date versin can be fund n the PJM Dispatch Sharepint site and website. PJM

85 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment F: Transmissin Owner and Blackstart Supprting Dcumentatin References Figure 1 - TO restratin Dcument References PJM DOCS # v13 PJM

86 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment F: Transmissin Owner and Blackstart Supprting Dcumentatin References Neptune RTS Emergency Restratin Neptune RTS perates as a single system. All in-service Neptune cmpnents frm the Raritan River Substatin t the Newbridge Rad Substatin wrk tgether and the lss f a majr element within the system will frce the plant t shutdwn. Alternately, the Neptune RTS system cannt perate withut the three phase intercnnecting AC systems (Raritan River Sub and Newbridge Rad) being in service. In the case f LIPA, there is sme minimum level f system integrity (cmbinatin f transmissin and generatin) that must be in service befre restarting Neptune When Neptune RTS is ut f service, either due t internal r external factrs, Neptune RTS peratins utilizes the standard return t service perating steps (fund within the COI) t prepare Neptune fr peratin. Neptune will ntify PJM f the plants availability and await dispatch rders. Linden VFT Emergency Restratin Linden VFT perates as a single system. All in-service Linden cmpnents frm the VFT ST Substatin t the Linden Cgen wrk tgether and the lss f a majr element within the system will frce the plant t shutdwn. Alternately, the Linden VFT system cannt perate withut the three phase intercnnecting AC systems (VFT ST Sub and Linden Cgen) being in service. In the case f CnEd, there is sme minimum level f system integrity (cmbinatin f transmissin and generatin) that must be in service befre restarting Linden. When Linden VFT is ut f service, either due t internal r external factrs, Linden VFT peratins utilizes the standard return t service perating steps (fund within the COI) t prepare Linden fr peratin. Linden will ntify PJM f the plants availability and await dispatch rders. PJM

87 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment G: Crdinatin f Restratin Plan with PJM Internal and External Neighbring Entities - PJM Apprval Prcess fr TO Restratin Plans Attachment G: Crdinatin f Restratin Plan with PJM Internal and External Neighbring Entities PJM Apprval Prcess fr TO Restratin Plans G-1 Overview f Crdinatin Prcess PJM, as well as its neighbring entities have a primary functin/bligatin t maintain the integrity f the Eastern Intercnnectin and t prevent any unplanned separatin f this system. Hwever, nce a large scale event des ccur, these respective entities must be prepared t react and adapt t the dynamic envirnment f restratin peratins. Fundamental t re-establishing system integrity between neighbring entities is effective cmmunicatins/crdinatin that allws each party t better understand the nature f the prblem as well as hw ne party s activities may impact anther neighbrs. These cmmunicatins must be a cntinuus and evlving prcess tailred t the demands f the event. Regardless f the situatin, PJM will crdinate with its neighbring entities the fllwing minimum functins: PRE-EVENT COORDINATION 1. Cmplete annual reviews and updates t restratin plans. Changes shuld be upladed using edart. PJM and its Member TO s will utilize its crdinatin checklist t highlight manual changes during the prcess f crdinating these updates. 2. PJM will centralize updated data fr items shared by PJM s TO s within Manual 36 and send a return reprt t the TO if requested and the TO cmpleted the CEII request frm and Nn-Disclsure Agreement in accrdance with CEII prcedure. POST EVENT COORDINATION 1. Initial Assessment a. Extent and Cnditin f Islated Area b. Damage t Equipment that might impact later crdinatin 2. Initial Strategy a. Discuss pssible pints f synchrnizatin and steps needed t be ready fr same. b. Updates t the strategy as steps f the restratin plan are implemented 3. Crdinatin f Interchange Schedules with neighbring BA s 4. Ability t Prvide and r receive assistance 5. Cnfirmatin f Crdinatin Prtcls (i.e., identificatin f Liaisns and their numbers) 6. Synchrnizatin Methds/Lcatins/Assistance T avid cnfusin assciated with PJM directly cntacting a neighbring entity, PJM will predminately use the RCIS t cmmunicate these details t its neighbring RC s with the expectatin that unless direct crdinatin is required with a neighbring TOP, ur neighbring RC s will disseminate this infrmatin. In additin, PJM will incrprate the restratin plans f internal Transmissin Operatrs (AEP) and mnitr and crdinate their plans with ther PJM internal and external areas. PURPOSE: PJM updates and crdinates its restratin plan with the Generatin Owners (GO) and Distributin Prviders within its ftprint and as well with its neighbring Reliability Crdinatrs (RC), and Transmissin Operatrs (TOP) as required by NERC EOP-006 R2. PJM

88 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment G: Crdinatin f Restratin Plan with PJM Internal and External Neighbring Entities - PJM Apprval Prcess fr TO Restratin Plans This prcess ensures PJM s effective crdinatin f its Restratin Plan bth internally and externally t its neighbring entities. This prcess has tw key elements: 1. Restratin Plan Crdinatin Checklist (Sectin G-2) - This crdinatin checklist will facilitate an active discussin and PJM apprval n the pertinent EOP Requirement 1 elements with the respective parties. 2. Annual Crdinatin Timeline (Sectin G-3) this timeline will generate the required updates and crdinatin at a minimum n an annual basis. PJM

89 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment G: Crdinatin f Restratin Plan with PJM Internal and External Neighbring Entities - PJM Apprval Prcess fr TO Restratin Plans G-2 RESTORATION PLAN COORDINATION/APPROVAL CHECKLIST PURPOSE: As per Requirement 2 f EOP and Requirement 2 f EOP-006-2, this checklist is intended t ensure crdinatin with ur neighbring RC / TOP and the apprpriate internal PJM registered entities by prviding detailed references t any changes and enhancements t ur restratin plans. It als prvides a mechanism fr PJM in its rle as RC t apprve TO System Restratin Plans. PROCESS: PJM and the PJM TO will distribute this checklist at least annually r when there are changes t the restratin plan based n unplanned permanent System mdificatins (within 90 calendar days) r prir t implementing a planned BES mdificatin, that wuld change the implementatin f its restratin plan. PJM will distribute via explder t neighbring entity cntacts; RFC Reliability Cmmittee; PJM Operating Cmmittee; and PJM System Operatins Sub-Cmmittee. Registered Entity Pint f Cntact: Phne Number: Effective Date f Restratin Plan Date submitted t PJM fr apprval (must be 30 days prir t Effective Date) Date apprved by PJM (must be prir t Effective Date): PJM Apprval Phne Number: (Name f Cmpany and Functinal Mdel Respnsibility) (Name, Psitin/Title and Department) (TO Plan Cntact) (Cmpleted by PJM) (Name, Psitin/Title and Department) (Cmpleted by PJM) PJM apprval indicates that the plan has been reviewed and accepted and is cmpatible with the RC restratin plan and ther TO Restratin Plans as per EOP-006, R5.1. Any required changes are cmmunicated t plan wner PJM

90 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment G: Crdinatin f Restratin Plan with PJM Internal and External Neighbring Entities - PJM Apprval Prcess fr TO Restratin Plans Crdinatin Item Reference Page # 1. When was the Restratin Plan last updated: (Date) 2. Reasn fr this update: Annual Review Planned BES mdificatin Unplanned permanent BES mdificatin Date f unplanned permanent BES mdificatin (Restratin Plan must be updated within 90 days f this date) Other Cmments: 3. Relatinships and Respnsibilities: Were there any significant changes t the plan s identified respnsibilities and relatinships, since the last update? N Yes Cmments: 4. Restratin Plan Cmpnents: Verify that the Restratin Plan includes the fllwing cmpnents (per R1 f EOP-005-2) and list the page number where it can be fund r an explanatin as t why the cmpnent was nt included. R1.1 Strategies fr system restratin that are crdinated with the Reliability Crdinatr s high level strategy fr restring the Intercnnectin Included Nt Included Reasn fr nt including: Reference Page # R1.2 A descriptin f hw all Agreements r mutually agreed upn prcedures r prtcls fr ff-site pwer requirements f nuclear pwer plants, including pririty f restratin, will be fulfilled during System restratin. Reference Page # Included Nt Included Reasn fr nt including: R1.3 Prcedures fr restring intercnnectins with ther Transmissin (Owners)/Operatrs under the directin f the Reliability Crdinatr. Dcumented in M-36, Sectin and 7.2 (Optinal fr TO plan) Reference Page # Included PJM

91 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment G: Crdinatin f Restratin Plan with PJM Internal and External Neighbring Entities - PJM Apprval Prcess fr TO Restratin Plans Nt Included Reasn fr nt including: R1.4 Identificatin f each Blackstart Resurce and its characteristics including but nt limited t the fllwing: the name f the Blackstart Resurce, lcatin, megawatt and megavar capacity and type f unit. Included Nt Included Reasn fr nt including: Reference Page # R1.5 Identificatin f Cranking Paths and initial switching requirements between each Blackstart Resurce and the unit(s) t be started. Included Nt Included Reasn fr nt including: Reference Page # R1.6 Identificatin f acceptable perating vltage and frequency limits during restratin. Included Nt Included Reasn fr nt including: Reference Page # R1.7 Operating Prcesses t reestablish cnnectins within the Transmissin (Owner) Operatr s System fr areas that have been restred and are prepared fr recnnectin. Dcumented in M-36, Sectin 7.2 (Optinal fr TO plans) Reference Page # Included Nt Included Reasn fr nt including: R1.8 Operating Prcesses t restre Lads required t restre the System, such as statin service fr substatins, units t be restarted r stabilized, the Lad needed t stabilize generatin and frequency, and prvide vltage cntrl. Reference Page # PJM

92 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment G: Crdinatin f Restratin Plan with PJM Internal and External Neighbring Entities - PJM Apprval Prcess fr TO Restratin Plans Dcumented in M-36, Sectin and 7.1 (Optinal fr TO plans) Included Nt Included Reasn fr nt including: R1.9 Operating Prcesses fr transferring authrity back t the Balancing Authrity in accrdance with the Reliability Crdinatr s criteria. Dcumented in M-36, Sectin (Optinal fr TO plans) Reference Page # Included Nt Included Reasn fr nt including: 5 R2 - Restratin Plan crdinatin: Have all entities identified in the restratin plan been prvided with a descriptin f any changes t their rles and specific tasks prir t the implementatin date f the plan? Reference Page # Yes N Cmments: 6 R5 Restratin Plan availability: Are cpies f this plan available within yur primary and backup cntrl rms prir t the effective date f this plan? Yes N Cmments: PJM

93 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment G: Crdinatin f Restratin Plan with PJM Internal and External Neighbring Entities - PJM Apprval Prcess fr TO Restratin Plans G-3 ANNUAL COORDINATION TIMELINE Transmissin Owners will submit their System Restratin plans t PJM fr review and apprval based n the criteria belw: Annual Updates based n schedule in Table 1 belw Planned BES mdificatins affecting restratin plan (System Restratin Plan must be updated and apprved prir t implementatin f planned mdificatin) Unplanned permanent System mdificatin affecting restratin plan (System Restratin Plan must be updated and apprved within 90 calendar days f identificatin f unplanned mdificatin) Mdificatins required based n Lessns Learned by Spring r Fall System Restratin Drills Restratin Plans will be submitted thrugh edart based n the schedule in Table 1 r within 2 weeks f required deadlines t allw PJM adequate time t review and apprve the plan. PJM

94 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment G: Crdinatin f Restratin Plan with PJM Internal and External Neighbring Entities - PJM Apprval Prcess fr TO Restratin Plans Table 1 Annual Restratin Plan Review Deadlines Cmpany TO submits plan t PJM fr apprval (T- 30 days) PJM reviews plan, cmments and apprves (T-15 days) TO publishes apprved plan (T-15 days) TO Restratin Plan effective date PJM Cmmittee apprval N/A May 15 June 1 March/April RECO June 1 June 15 June July 1 PS December 1 December 15 December 15- January 1 31 PECO December 1 December 15 December 15- January 1 31 AE December 1 December 15 December January 1 DPL February 1 February 15 February March 1 PPL May 31 June 15 June June 30 UGI June 10 June 25 June 25 July 10 July 10 FE - East May 1 May 15 May May 31 BGE May 15 June 1 June 1-14 June 15 PEPCO January 1 January 15 January January 31 DOM June 1 June 15 June July 1 FE-Suth May 1 May 15 May May 31 DLCO May 1 May 15 May June 1 DAY March 1 March 15 March April 1 AEP July 1 July 15 July August 1 COMED December 1 December 15 December 15- January 1 31 FE-West May 1 May 15 May May 31 CPP June 1 June 15 June July 1 DEOK Nvember 1 Nvember 15 Nvember 15- December 1 30 EKPC December 1 December 15 December 15- January 1 31 Rck Springs June 1 June 15 June July 1 PJM

95 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment G: Crdinatin f Restratin Plan with PJM Internal and External Neighbring Entities - PJM Apprval Prcess fr TO Restratin Plans PJM will electrnically prvide updates f PJM Manuals 13 and 36 related t system restratin plans with requested acknwledgment f receipts by neighbring TOPs, and RCs within 30 calendar days f revisin per EOP R2. The receipts will be tracked and used t: 1. Fllw-up with neighbring systems t crdinate receipt and understanding f dcument changes; 2. Serve as evidence f cmpliance that EOP plans and updates were apprpriately prvided t neighbring systems; and 3. Establish cntacts fr inclusin in training and drills. Prcedure: 1. Changes t PJM s emergency peratins plans (including but nt limited t Manuals 13 and 36) shall be sent electrnically t all neighbring RCs and TOPs (and BAs as apprpriate) with an electrnic receipt request within 30 calendar days f revisin per EOP R2. 2. The transmittal will include PJM cntact infrmatin fr any questins by ur neighbrs and fr any crrespnding changes that may result t ur neighbrs emergency peratins r restratin plans. The receipts will als be used t track acknwledgement fr fllw-up f cntact infrmatin fr neighbring systems. External RC Restratin Plan Review In supprt f EOP R4, PJM will review their neighbring Reliability Crdinatr s restratin plans and identify any cnflicts with the PJM restratin plan. PJM will wrk with the neighbring RC t reslve any cnflicts within 30 calendar days. PJM

96 Manual 36: System Restratin Attachment H: Under Frequency Lad Shedding Table Attachment H: Under Frequency Lad Shed (UFLS) Tables PJM