Introduction. Arab Spring and impact (or not) of new media Mobile phone usage in Africa highlighting Kenya Television in India. China and media.

Transcription

1 Introduction Arab Spring and impact (or not) of new media Mobile phone usage in Africa highlighting Kenya Television in India Values China and media Press, phones, film, TV, animation Japan Pokémon and soft/cultural powers Competition/cooperation, market economy 1

2 Arab Spring and New Media Protest in Arab World 2011 New Media and the role in protests (22.28 mins seminar) We are All Khaled Said (Facebook Page) Cyber Enthusiasts These define how the role of new media is perceived in these protests Cyber Sceptics 2

3 New Media and Revolutions Blogs and Bullets (2010) Individual attitudes and behaviours Societal connections and divides Collective action Hand written documents, face-to-face communication also important Al Jazeera very important Regime representation Using new media International Attention Dramatic area of influence 3

4 Mobile phones by the number in use worldwide Rank Country Number Date 1 India 1,127M China 1,060M U.S. 327M Brazil 284M Russia 256M Indonesia 236M Nigeria 167M Japan 146M Pakistan 133M Bangladesh 131M Germany 107M Philippines 106M Mexico 101M Iran 96M

5 Mobile Phone Usage in Africa Over 400 million mobile phone subscribers Free access to sites such as Wikipedia Sharing phones is common (Mobile phones in Kenya) (9.06 mins) 5

6 6

7 Television in India Deregulation and liberation of broadcasting and communications sector 1990 Pre 1991 only 1 state owned TV Station (State run Doordarshan) By 2010 there over 500 TV Satellite television channels 2016, 31 st December: analogue switch off 7

8 Television in India Initially TV a luxury Television as education and then entertainment Sponsorship and commercial public television MTV replaced by V Channel but allowed back on TV a few years later 8

9 Pearce, 2013, University of Washington 9

10 10

11 CULTURAL INVASION Villages 1980s television Watching with others and on their own Ways of dressing/fashion Kellner (1995) TV ads teach people how to dress, look, consume (see Yahoo India) (1.04 mins) Miller (1992) Identification translated into direct copying of clothes in Trinidad Short hairstyles Clothing linked with identity 11

12 Socially desirable Values influenced through television commercials Symbolic associations Pepsi Commercial (0.41 mins) Skoda Commercial (0.31 mins) At the same time localisation and National identity (see this advertisement) (2.06 mins) 12

13 13

14 Some of the many online TV Channels mobile phone use in India is growing 14

15 China Over past 30 years media has opened up in China Growth of internet access (384 million users in China) Information management source of friction for Chinese government Google and freedom of speech 2010 moved out of China Mark Zuckerberg visits China (2016 latest) to try and get China to lift its ban on Facebook 15

16

17 Control National leaders use media as a watchdog Monitoring actions of subordinates But needs to release information Free press But that has risks of challenges to the government 17

18 Phones Mobile phones and internet combined Useful for coordinating group action Technologies such as Twitter, (FanFou), Facebook (Xiaonei) and YoutTube (Youku) Have much potential But safer to vent grievances online than in real life 18

19 TV/Film in China China aware of underperforming media industries Soft power and cultural influence Panic about cultural security Increased film output Times Raiders (Chinese) (2.47 mins) Monkey King 2 (Hong Kong/Chinese) (2.01 mins) Kung Fu Panda 3 (Chinese/American) License for TV and Radio Animation grown 19

20 20

21 Pokémon Pocket Monsters = world of imaginary relations and endless consumption Entertainment through games, cards, cartoons, films, books, Pokémon Go. Pokémon and cultural ideas (6.33 mins) Pokémon Go (7.07 mins) Originally designed for Game Boy wasn t expected to be so successful Addiction and rush to acquire is part of the pleasure 21

22 Pokémon and cuteness Cuteness e.g. Pikachu (3.34 mins) Mimics capitalist ideology Monsters choose exciting travels and adventures over wilderness and natural habitats Trading of cards Part of a market economy, competition and acquisitions Also values of responsibility, cooperation, gift giving 22

23 Key Ideas Digital media and traditional media are everywhere. Influence of west/non west and non west/west. Styles and values emulated and adapted. Resistance to messages and active consumption. Press freedom differs in different places but is an important construct. Digital media may be useful for protests Cooperation regarding media output I highlighted a few countries such as India, Kenya, China, Japan but I could also have focused on many others (e.g. Brazil). 23

24 Content analysis possible topics/theories Content analysis possible topics Number of mobile phones in [name of countries] and what this suggests about digital media (e.g. globalisation) Television figures in [name of country] Internet usage in [name of country] List the type of social networking sites in different countries and comparison of age groups and number of people that use these sites. Relevant theories to apply 1. Values/ideologies (soft power/cultural influences) 2. Globalisation is it even. What dominates (glocalisation) 3. Digital media in relation to politics. 4. Positive/negative influences of digital media 24

25 Bibliography Allison, A. (2013) Pocket capitalism and virtual intimacy. Pokemon as a symptom of post-industrial youth culture. In A. Y.H. Fung (Ed.) Asian Popular Culture. Oxon, Routledge. Aday, S., Farrell, H., Lynch, M., Sides, J., Kelly, J. & Zuckerman, E. (2010) Blogs and Bullets: New Media in Contentious Politics. United States Institute of Peace. Available at: Date accessed (26th February 2013). Johnson, K. (2011) Media and social Change: the Modernising of Television in rural India. Media, Culture and Society. Vol. 23(2), pp Keane, M. & Liu, B. R. (2013) China s new creative strategy: the utilization of cultural soft power and new markets. In A. Y.H. Fung (Ed.) Asian Popular Culture. Oxon, Routledge. Kirk, J. (2000) Television and Social Change in Rural India. New Delhi, Sage. Mitra, B. (2005) The Influence of Television Commercials on Clothing in India, Worcester Papers in English and Cultural Studies October(3), University of Worcester. Shirk, S. L. (2011) Changing Media, Changing China. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 25