Eurofins Global Control

Transcription

1 Eurofins Global Control Thomas Unger, Managing Director

2 Eurofins Presence Worldwide 130,000 30, Methods Staff Laboratories Countries Eurofins 2

3 Global Control International Network Afghanistan Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Benin Bolivia Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cambodia Canada Caribbean Region Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Cote de Ivories Croatia Djibouti Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia Ethiopia France Germany Ghana Greece Guatemala Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Israel Italy Japan Kazakhstan Kenya Laos Latvia Lithuania 96 Countries More countries on demand Bold printed countries are those we also perform audits in Madagascar Malaysia Malawi Mexico Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Netherlands Nicaragua Nigeria Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russia Salvador Saudi Arabia Serbia Seychelles Slovakia Sweden Switzerland Spain Sri Lanka South Africa South Korea Tanzania Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan United Arabic Emirates Uganda United Kingdom Ukraine Uruguay United States of America Uzbekistan Vietnam Zambia Zimbabwe 213

4 Number EU rapid alerts for rice, RASFF Rapid alerts in rice, EU RASFF The Challenges TOTAL GMO aflatoxins ochratoxin pesticides inorg.arsenic 0 Year Source: RASFF, EU 4

5 First Challenge: GMO NO GM rice cultivated officially worldwide US LL rice contamination under control nevertheless Bt rice contaminating Chinese rice products like noodles, crackers, sauces etc. and out of control since 2010 also spreading in South Asia 5

6 Second Challenge: Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A Differences in worldwide legislation Maximum legal limit: 2.0 µg/kg (B1) 4.0 µg/kg (sum) No legal limit, Action level, MHLW: 10 µg/kg (sum) No legal limit, action level of FDA: 20 µg/kg (sum) Aflatoxins major problem in Pakistani Basmati rice major cause: improper storage and drying of paddy Sun drying in Pakistan, major cause for aflatoxins 6

7 Third Challenge: Pesticides Differences of MRLs worldwide for rice Compound EU Codex India Corea Japan Russia USA Chlorpyrifos * Chlorpyrifos-methyl Buprofezin * Carbendazim * Isoprothiolane ** * Tricyclazole Fipronil *** Pirimiphos-methyl * Propiconazole * Default MRL ** MRL for brown rice *** approval for rice expired 2017: EU decreases tricyclazole MRL Next EU candidate 2014: US increases tricyclazole MRL 7

8 The Pesticide Hit Parade, Top 40 Pesticide findings by Eurofins Global Control Total number of tested samples: 4322 Number of pesticide positive samples: 2788 Chemical Number samples Max (mg/kg) Average (mg/kg) % of samples Chemical Number samples Max (mg/kg) Average (mg/kg) % of samples Tricyclazol ,4 0,043 42,53% Biphenyl 118 0,098 0,022 2,73% Isoprothiolan ,3 0,156 40,72% Difenoconazo 102 1,6 0,066 2,36% Propiconazol ,6 0,034 37,00% Diphenylamin 97 0,2 0,052 2,24% Buprofezin ,98 0,047 34,96% Azoxystrobin 88 0,098 0,023 2,04% Tebuconazol ,044 28,57% Quinclorac 77 0,036 0,016 1,78% Triazophos ,38 0,033 24,90% Flubendiamid 66 0,065 0,021 1,53% Carbendazim/Benomyl 735 0,46 0,016 17,01% Diethyltoluam 58 1,3 0,084 1,34% Thiamethoxam 705 0,28 0,030 16,31% Cyhalothrin, la 56 0,053 0,016 1,30% Imidacloprid 679 0,14 0,022 15,71% Acetamiprid 54 1,4 0,100 1,25% Chlorpyrifos (-ethyl) 661 8,3 0,088 15,29% Phorate-sulfox 52 0,023 0,015 1,20% Profenofos 508 0,23 0,031 11,75% Pirimiphos-me 51 4,9 0,170 1,18% Hexaconazol 477 0,082 0,018 11,04% Fipronil 50 0,071 0,016 1,16% Acephat 457 1,5 0,048 10,57% Cyproconazol 45 0,022 0,014 1,04% 4-Brom-2-Chlorphenol 422 0,17 0,021 9,76% Trifloxystrobin 44 0,11 0,030 1,02% Malathion ,7 0,524 8,10% Fipronil (Summ 40 0,09 0,017 0,93% Methamidophos 311 0,53 0,031 7,20% 2,4-D 31 0,025 0,015 0,72% Fenobucarb 213 0,088 0,022 4,93% Bifenthrin 30 0,098 0,034 0,69% Piperonylbutoxid ,1 0,635 4,30% Carbofuran 26 0,012 0,002 0,60% Clothianidin 177 0,089 0,023 4,10% Picoxystrobin 20 0,33 0,063 0,46% Ethiprol 131 0,043 0,019 3,03% Fluopyram 12 0,12 0,062 0,28% First Sustainable Rice Conference

9 Pesticide residues in organic food Diversity in interpretations of pesticide residues in organic food Guideline / legislation concept of orientation value critical level BNN Orientation value yes yes (but only for BNN members) Bio Suisse decision chart yes no (but in discussion) IFOAM Guideline yes no EOCC Guideline yes in discussion US market no yes Italy no yes Wallonia no yes (unless shown that resulting from external factors) United Kingdom no no Source: Speiser et al.(2013): Guideline for handling pesticide residues in Czech organic production 9

10 Fourth Challenge: Inorganic Arsenic Factors : rice variety, ph and redox potential of soil EU limits: 0.1 mg/kg for baby food, 0.2 for white milled and 0.25 for brown and parboiled rice Codex Alimentarius limits under discussion Source: Amini et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42,

11 Further Challenges 1. Authenticity of rice specialities: a. Basmati, Jasmine, Sushi, Risotto etc. b. Legislation: UK Code of Practice, French Rice Code, EU import tariff exemption Basmati rice, law in source countries c. Analysis: DNA fingerprinting 2. Contamination with mineral oils, MOSH/MOAH a. Sources: packaging materials, spraying, jute bags b. Legislation: in the EU under development 11

12 Revised UK Code of Practice, rd ANUGA Rice Conference 12

13 Sources for MOSH/MOAH contaminations 1. a) nearly all rice contaminated from environment (<< 1 mg/kg); 2. b) harvesting adds lubricating or fuel oil 3. c) jute bags primarily contaminate Asian rice, at 2-15 mg/kg; 4. d) most rice packed in paperboard boxes contaminated from inks or recycled board; 5. e) no data available from antidusting by mineral oil; 6. f) occasionally rice is still sprayed with mineral oil Source: EFSA Journal 2012;10(6):

14 How to meet the challenges? Classically by preshipment inspections - major disadvantage: only a cross-section through a lot can be checked for compliance - for GMO and mycotoxins a proper sampling is indispensable (acc. EU regulation or Codex) - buying/ selling decision depends on results of testing (time consuming and risky) 14

15 How to meet the challenges? Better - Good Practices of agriculture, storage, transport and processing a) GMO: stringent control of seed materials b) aflatoxins: drying of paddy immediately after harvest c) pesticides: awareness building of farmers to use agro-chemicals rationally d) inorganic arsenic: agricultural practices like deficit irrigation 15

16 Appryza An App for farmers to use pesticides rationally 16

17 Further readings In: J. Sontag (ed.) 268 pages, hardcover, 2014 Art.-Nr.: ISBN: Rice Processing is the new standard handbook for the rice milling industry and related professions. Leading experts from science and industry around the world have teamed up to gather the latest research and pooled their state-of-the-art expertise on rice, rice milling and rice-based value added products. The book is technically profound, yet easy to read for both professionals and those new to the field. The book contains introductions into agriculture, morphology and trade. It gives detailed information on drying, cooling, storage, parboiling and milling. Additional chapters deal with issues from rice quality and food safety to value-added rice-based products. 17

18 Contact Thomas Unger Phone Mobile Mail Eurofins Global Control GmbH Neuländer Kamp 1 D Hamburg global@eurofins.de 18