Sustainable Management of Ricebased Production Systems in Indonesia

Transcription

1 Sustainable Management of Ricebased Production Systems in Indonesia D Manzanilla, G Singleton, Y Kato, K Heyashi, R Buresh, C Vera-Cruz, R Indrastuti and D Johnson Jakarta, February 2015

2 ICRR-IRRI partnership under CURE Activities on-going WG1 (drought-prone) WG2 (flood-prone) WG3 (saline [coastal]) WG4 (upland) Review & SC Meeting in 2013

3 CURE WG1/WG2 IN INDONESIA RECENT MAIN ACTIVITY SITES WG1: Drought-prone target = 2.1 Mha WG2: Swamps, Flood-prone target = 0.7 Mha (+unused land) Rice in the drought-prone and swampy areas outside Java is important

4 Drought-tolerant rice: ICRR-IRRI achievements Evaluated existing irrigated rice for drought adaptability INPARI10 (moderately tolerant), INPARI23 & 15 (blast resistant) INPARI19 (drought escape; short-duration) Introducing IR64 drought-tol NILs (Molecular Products) IR B (6.0 t ha -1 ) performed better than IR64 (4.3 t ha -1 )

5 Flood-tolerant rice: ICRR-IRRI achievements Introducing Sub1 Survival after 2 wks flood Ciherang-Sub1 released in 2012 as INPARI30 INPARA3 (IR CPA-12-UBN ) is getting popular in swampy areas (Sub1+Fe toxic. tol.) INPARA8 released in 2014 (Submergence+SF tol.) Sub1 Variety distribution from ICRR in INPARI kg INPARA kg IWETRI further distributed 25 t in 2013, 40 t in 2014

6 CURE WG3: SALT-AFFECTED AREA Elite IRRI lines for the coastal area Entry Salinity Score Vegetative Generative IR B-29-2B IR B-18-2B IR B IR B AJY1 3 5 IR77664-B AJY1 3 5 IR B-18-2B Salinity Tolerant Varieties released in 2014 INPARI34 Salin Agritan (IR78788-B-B AJY1) INPARI35 Salin Agritan (CSR-90IR-2) IR B AJY1 Coastal area, Indramayu

7 CURE WG4: UPLAND RICE IN INDONESIA Pakpak B. Lampung Indramayu Humid zone Current area: 1.26 Mha Potential area: 5 Mha Area for intercropping: 2 Mha (forest, estate crops) Cianjur Kebumen Arid zone Varieties must be tolerant of multiple stresses High elevation: Low temp (low altitude:20-25 o C; high altitude: o C), Blast Intercropping: Shading, Blast, Sheath Blight, Brown Spots

8 Upland rice varieties selected though PVS of CURE (URRC) that were released in Indonesia Variety Year of release No. Pedigee Maturity (days) Plant height (cm) No. tillers Texture of cooked rice 1 Important Characteristics 2 INPAGO TB490C-TB S Bl, Al INPAGO B11338F-TB S Bl, Dr INPAGO IR30176-B-2-MR M Bl, Al INPAGO B12498E-MR S Bl, Red rice INPAGO TB409B-TB S Bl, Al, Dr INPAGO B12151D-MR M Bl, Al, Dr INPAGO Bl, Al, Dr 1,2 H: hard; M: medium; S: soft; Bl: bast resistant; Dr: drought tolerant; Al: aluminium toxicity toterant Dr. Suwarno, ICRR

9 Community-based seed system (CBSS) IRRI s support for Seed Production Training of Trainers on CBSS Kick-off: Meeting at ICFORD with IRRI October st training: ICFORD, ICRR and January nd training: For provincial & regional Sukamandi on June 2013

10 KM products knowledge sharing English Bahasa

11 How to grow New Stress-Tolerant Varieties? Integrating Genotype and Management BMP (STVs + Management Package) posters being developed for submergence-prone & drought-prone areas ( ) BMP posters for tidal/freshwater swamps planned ( )

12 Unfavorable Rice Environment Network is taking off Cross-cutting work for drought-prone & swampy areas National Workshop for Drought & Flood-prone Aug 2014 supported by CURE WG1 & WG2 Exchange info & knowledge between AIAT / ICRR/ IWETRI/ IAERI/ IRRI staffs Meeting for WET-land NETwork planned (ICRR,IWETRI,IAHRI,ISRI,7 AIATs) (supported in part by CURE-WG2) Cross-site visit to swampy rice areas with AIAT / ICRR/ IWETRI/ IRRI staffs Topics: STV/BMP/Seed Distribution/Soil Atlas

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14 Yield Gap & Field calculator Robust Yield Gaps: Top 10% of farmers vs mean yields Data set: large household surveys Findings: Bago, Myanmar: 37 % (1.5 t/ha) yield gap Yogyakarta, Indonesia: 45% yield gap Central Plains, Thailand: 22% yield gap Guangzhou, China: 31% yield gap Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka: 22% yield gap

15 Dimensions of sustainability Threat! High farm gate price Profitability Livelihood Low input cost Prosperity Threat! Health Protection Biodiversity Habitat

16 Field Calculator - tool to compare the environmental/economic performance of production technologies, based on the systematic understanding of rice production in the target area Sato et al. (unpublished )

17 Yield Gap & Field calculator Field calculator Tool to compare environmental/economic performance of different production technologies Visualize comparisons in spider diagram

18 Outputs linked with Good Agriculture Practices for Rice (Rice GAP) Emphasis on marriage between GAP certification & best practices Best practices provide essential platform for ecological sustainable rice production & yield increases Time is right for seamless join of GAP certification & best practices for rice production CORIGAP Sustainable Rice Platform (SRP)

19 Layanan Konsultasi Padi: Rice Agro-advisory Service for Indonesia Indonesia-IRRI meeting 16 Feb 2015

20 Improved application of N fertilizer as recommended by web-based decision making tool (PHSL) benefited farmers PHSL recommends 30% of N in early application Number of farms = 501

21 Climate change adaptation in rainfed rice areas (CCARA) Seasonal outlook Seasonal Weather Prediction Yield prediction Nutrient management Type of ENSO Prediction of El nino or La nina Trimonth forecast Weather advisory Onset and end of monsoon Degree of water stress during wet season Attainable yield Option of recommended varieties Simulated yield as function of sowing date Nutrient guideline Type of fertilizer Application timing

22 CCARA ( ) Development of WeRise (Indonesia, Lao PDR) Next phase of IRRI-Japan Project CCARA 2 ( ) Climate change adaptation Rainfed rice in Southeast Asia+ Stabilize the production (P ST ) P ST =ƒ (st, ft, s, p) st: sowing timing ft: fertilizer application timing s: soil physical property p: plant growth Validation of WeRise (Indonesia, Lao PDR) Upscaling/Upgrading of WeRise (Indonesia) Maximize the production (P MX ) (Double rice plus upland crops) P MX =ƒ (st, ft, s, p, w a ) st: sowing timing ft: fertilizer application timing s: soil physical property p: plant growth w a : total available water volume

23 Grain yield (g) % Change Recent findings HNT effect and Rn 100 TDW 80 Grain yield Rn (+14) (+9) (-7) (+60) (-15) (-15) (+28) (-7) (-2) - 43 entries screened - Contrasting entries identified - In susceptible entry - Spikelet fertility not reduced - Biomass, N, NSC reduced - Rate of grain filling reduced - Grain width reduced - Quality deteriorated W. Shi et al., 2013 New Phytologist, 197, N22 Gharib IR R = Bahuguna et al., UnPub Rn (µmol m -2 s -1 )

24 Sumatra 2 million ha rice production; South Sumatra produced 4.9 million t in 2014 Tidal deltas Telang and Saleh important production areas >100,000 ha Labor, rats, weeds a challenge for dry season

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26 Achievements Impact Dry season 2012 only 30 ha of rice in dry season because of rodent, weed and labor In 2013, set up demonstrations of weed and rodent management including use of drum seeder. Strong response from provincial government; funds to support farmers Dry season ha of rice grown Dry season 2015 plan to grow 500 ha

27 Achievements Impact Promotion of flat bed dryers building on earlier collaborative research Now more than 50 units in the delta managed by local rice millers

28 New technology 2015: Solar Bubble Dryer Slide courtesy of Martin Gummert

29 Priorities for Indonesia IRRI Partnerships Raising resource use efficiencies (labor, inputs, water and land) and sustainability (esp. pests) in favorable areas Closing yield gaps and raising productivity in less favorable and stress prone areas (outer islands) Development and selection of stress tolerant rice varieties Support with local solutions, outreach, decision support Capacity building in rice science for next generation

30 Terima Kasih