A Passion for Fruits The International Tropical Fruits Programme. Joachim Voss 26 th International Horticultural Congress Toronto, Canada August 2002

Transcription

1 A Passion for Fruits The International Tropical Fruits Programme Joachim Voss 26 th International Horticultural Congress Toronto, Canada August 2002

2 Contents 1. Characteristics of Tropical Fruits 2. Fruits and Rural Development 3. The International Tropical Fruits Programme

3 Species: Great Diversity Tropical America ~ Africa more than 1000 Tropical Asia ~ 500 Australia almost nothing Cultivated species: Abundance in SE Asia and tropical America

4 Characteristics of the Crop Generally perennial crops Frequently grown in mixed stands Commonly selected varieties (not the result of formal breeding programs)

5 Production Generate high income Producers face cash flow problems in the first years Intensive labour requirement Production and exports of each species is concentrated in a few countries

6 Employment Average of 1-2 man years per ha in production and processing Sugarcane with manual harvesting uses about 0.3 man years per ha

7 Exports*: Marketing 1.5 million t per year US$1.3 billion Average total value per ha: US$9,000 for exports US$3,000 for local produce * Without bananas and citrus

8 Consumption Global per capita consumption increased 30% in 30 years. Consumption concentrated (96%) in the producer countries (excluding bananas and citrus) Traditionally consumed as fresh fruit. Increase in processed products Increasing consumption in developed countries Demand for varied diet Demand for health(y) products

9 Contents 1. Characteristics of Tropical Fruits 2. Fruits and Rural Development 3. The International Tropical Fruits Programme

10 Price $( 1961) Rural Development

11 Values relative to Mango Banana Cashew fruit Cítrus Dates Others Papaya Pineapple Plantain

12 Rural Development Fruits offer the opportunity to:! Increase rural income and employment! Attract ancillary services related to processing and marketing! Establish stable production systems in hilly or high rainfall regions

13 Vision Vibrant rural communities that provide a pleasant life for their constituents and their children principally through the wealth and healthy environment generated by production, processing and marketing of tropical fruits

14 Guiding Principles Crops generally are more successful outside their centre of origin E.g.: Colombia Coffee, sugarcane, banana, flowers, and African oil palm

15 Where do we focus? Well developed export crops Locally important crops Potential export crops Export of crop know-how! Seed!Production techniques!marketing

16 Technology for Fruit Export Crops New concept for developing countries Success of crops outside their centre of origin Provide technology to countries outside the centre of origin Recompense those in the centre of origin

17 Capturing the Potential of Export Crops Policies directed to export of tropical fruits Exporting maximizes the return on high investment cost Future markets will be diversified with regions specialising in certain products

18 Diversity is Key to Success Total production of most cultivated species is small Great diversity of minor species The importance of minor species tends to be localised Minor species can have a major impact at the local level

19 Contents 1. Characteristics of Tropical Fruits 2. Fruits and Rural Development 3. The International Tropical Fruits Programme

20 Mission To use science and technology to provide information and support with partners in order to promote production, processing and marketing of tropical fruits by rural communities which leads to increased wealth and improved welfare for present and future generations in the countryside

21 Tropical Fruits Major questions: What can we grow successfully? Of those we can grow which can we sell and how? How do we produce and market selected crops? Tendency to look at locally grown crops or indigenous crops

22 CIAT Concentrates on:! What grows well where! Rural agri-business approaches! Basic research to support production processing and marketing

23 What Grows Well Where Information systems based on GIS combined with data collection, expert and local knowledge

24 Rural Agri-business CIAT works with local agencies in the development of fruit based rural agribusiness

25 Basic Research on Fruits Develop areas that cut across a wide range of species! Inducing and managing flowering! Biological management for reducing post harvest deterioration! Varietal adaptation information! Selected phytosanitary constraints (e.g., fruit flies)! Propagation techniques (selection done by national agencies and local farmers) Collaborate with other agencies

26 Flowering Dynamics Flowering Dynamics Source: J. Botella U. Of Queensland Induction 19/02/02 Induction 19/02/02 w/o flowering genes with flowering genes 27-Mar Sep Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Nov Nov Nov Nov Dec Dec Dec Dec Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Feb Feb Feb Feb Mar Mar Mar-02

27 Clonal Propagation and Selection of Woody Species Case study with Sour Sop Collaborative project with Corporacion Biotec

28 Comments There are no quick solutions to developing new products Persistence over time is essential for the success of any horticultural project

29 The role of the international centres in collaboration with other entities-- is to establish criteria and methods that other entities can use to promote agri-business and improve the livelihood of rural communities and their children

30 Thank you!

31 Potential Export Crops The Chilean Model Transplant technology Successful when edapho-climatic conditions are similar Needs similar zones with good technology Depends on market windows

32 Potential Export Crops The Chilean Model The Chilean model is not appropriate for totally tropical species