Suppression of soybean diseases through the use of cover crops

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1 Suppression of soyen diseses through the use of cover crops Drin Esturn University of Illinois Western Illinois University Southern Illinois University Mcom Chmpign- Urn Crondle

2 Benefits of Cover Crops Reduce soil erosion Reduce soil compction Nitrogen scvenging Increse soil orgnic mtter Weed mngement Disese mngement?

3 Disese Suppressive Soil Suppressive soil occurs when pthogen does not ecome estlished or persistent, or my ecome estlished ut cuses little or no dmge. All soils hve some nturl level of disese suppression. In most soils long term mngement cn either reduce or increse this level of suppression.

4 Evluting the Suppression of Soyen Diseses Through the Use of Cover Crops Three yer study Three res of Illinois On sttion On frm Four cover crop species Mcom Chmpign- Urn

5 Collortors Drin Esturn University of Illinois Lorett Ortiz-Riing U. of Wisconsin Joel Gruver Western Illinois University Steve Ayres Aryes Frms Brd Hunt Hunt Frms

6 Cover Crops On-sttion 10 x 40 foot plots Cerel rye (cv. Rymin) Mustrd (cv. Pcific Gold) Rpeseed (cv. Dwf Essex) Cnol (cv. Sumner) Winter fllow On-frm 60 x 1000 foot plots Cerel rye Rpeseed Winter fllow

7 Rye

8 Rye

9 Soyens in stnding rye

10 Rpe nd Cnol

11 Rpe nd Cnol

12 Mustrd Spring 2011 Spring 2012

13 Prmeters evluted Field prmeters: Cover crop iomss (spring) Soyen stnd Erly (V3-V4) nd lte (R7-R8) seson folir nd root diseses Yield Soil collection for: Greenhouse disese iossy SCN egg counts Pthogen popultion counts DNA nlysis

14 Common soyen diseses cused y soilorne pthogens SDS Rhizoctoni root rot Anthrcnose SCN BSR Phytophthor rot Chrcol rot Sclerotini stem rot -----D. Mlvick University of Minnesot Jn Lortory for Soyen Disese Reserch

15 Diseses Rting Folir diseses incidence: Septori rown spot Bcteril light Root disese severity: Sudden deth syndrome Rhizoctoni root rot Courtesy Alison Roertson APS

16 Greenhouse Biossy Cover crops soil collected from ech cover crop plot Soyen pthogens soils infested with Rhizoctoni solni (Rhizoctoni root rot) or Fusrium virguliforme (cuse of SDS), or control Mesured resulting disese severity

17 Greenhouse iossy Soil suppressiveness to R. solni ws tested in greenhouse with 2011 spring nd 2012 spring soil

Fv ws grown on PDA for 3 weeks Fv plugs were trnsferred to cornmel, grown

18 Greenhouse iossy Soil suppressiveness to F. virguliforme ws tested in greenhouse with 2011 spring nd 2012 spring soil. Fv ws grown on PDA for 3 weeks Fv plugs were trnsferred to cornmel, grown for 3 weeks 10ml infested cornmel ws mixed with 500 soil Soyen ws plnted with infested soil in conetiners

19 Soil DNA Anlysis Popultions of vrious soyen pthogens Suite 1 Suite 2 Disese Anthrcnose Brown stem rot Chrcol rot Soyen cyst nemtode Sudden deth syndrome Phytophthor root rot Pthogen Colletotrichum trunctum Philophor gregt Mcrophomin phseolin Heteroder glycines Fusrium virguliforme Phytophthor soje Generl microil community structure Contriute to soil disese suppessiveness

20 kg/m2 Cover crop iomss c 2011 UIUC 2012 UIUC 2013 UIUC 2011 Ayres 2011 WIU Mustrd Cnol Rpeseed Cerel rye Cerel rye-notill

21 Results: Stnd Counts No significnt difference over cover crop tretments t three loctions (2011 nd 2012) In R. solni infested plots (UIUC) counts were significntly greter in plots previously plnted with rye nd rpe in 2011 nd 2013, ut no difference in 2012

22 Soyen stnds/m Soyen stnd counts in different cover crop plots with diffferent pthogen inocultions, UIUC, Cnol Fllow 20 Mustrd c Rpe Rye 5 c c 0 Control FSG R. solni

23 Soyen Stnds Rhizoctoni inoculted plots, UIUC 2011 Fllow Rpe Rye

24 Results: Cover Crops nd Stnd Counts Loction Ayres Frm ns ns ns UIUC - Rhizoc P< ns P<0.037 Hunt Frm ns ns ns WIU ns ns P<0.007 % Stnd Count UIUC Rhizoctoni plots WIU Cover Crop Fllow 5.5 c 71.2 c 79.5 Mustrd 5.8 c Cnol 41.5 c Rpe c 98.8 Rye

25 Disese Rting - Rhizoctoni

26 Lesion Length (cm) Rhizoctoni root rot, UIUC P= c 1 c c Fllow Mustrd Cnol Rpe Rye

27 Lesion length (cm) Greenhouse suppressive soil ssy R. solni, 2011 soils UIUC Ayres Allison Hunt Fllow Rye Rpe Cnol Mustrd Rye-notill 2.87 P=0.05

28 Lesion length (cm) Greenhouse suppressive soil ssy R. solni, 2012 soils UIUC Ayres Allison Hunt fllow rye rpe cnol mustrd P=0.0

29 Lesion Length (cm) Greenhouse suppressive soil ssy R. solni, 2013 UIUC soils P= fllow rye rpe cnol mustrd

30 Disese severity Greenhouse suppressive soil ssy F. virguliforme (SDS), 2011 soils P= UIUC Ayres Allison Hunt Fllow Rye Rpe Cnol Mustrd Rye-notill 2.62

31 Disese severity Greenhouse suppressive soil ssy F. virguliforme (SDS), 2012 soils P= UIUC Ayre Allison Hunt Fllow Rye Rpe Cnol Mustrd

32 Disese Severity Greenhouse suppressive soil ssy F. virguliforme (SDS), 2013 WIU soils P= fllow rye rpe cnol mustrd

33 SCN eggs per 100 ml soil Soyen Cyst Nemtode 2011 soil smples UIUC Ayres Allison Fllow Rye Rpe Cnol Mustrd

34 SCN eggs per 100 ml soil Soyen Cyst Nemtode 2012 soil smples Allison Hunt Fllow Rye Rpe Cnol Mustrd 8.74

35 ARISA Community Anlysis

36 ARISA Community Anlysis

37 Weight with 13% wrer Yield, UIUC Soyen yield of ech cover crop plots in UIUC field tril in Control Fsg R.solni fllow rye rpe cnol mustrd fllow rye rpe cnol mustrd P=0.05

38 Conclusions Rye nd rpe resulted in the highest soyen stnds, ut results were not consistent mong loctions. Rye nd rpe hve the potentil to induce soil suppressiveness to Rhizoctoni root rot nd sudden deth syndrome. Rye, rpe, nd cnol cn significntly decrese soyen cyst nemtode egg counts. Other pthogen popultions were not significntly ffected y cover crops. Cover crops did not result in significnt differences in microil community structure.

Climate Change and Crop Diseases

Climate Change and Crop Diseases Climte Chnge nd Crop Diseses Drin Estburn University of Illinois Crop Sciences Resilient Agriculture 2014 This reserch is supported by the NC-SARE, Illinois Soyben Biotechnology Center, United Soyben Bord,