Lygus Control, New Chemistry & Crop Loss Reporting

Transcription

1 Lygus Control, New Chemistry & Crop Loss Reporting Peter C. Ellsworth IPM Specilist Mricop Agriculturl Center University of Arizon Desert Ag Conference 12 My 24

2 Lygus Mngement Review of sttus of Lygus IPM Wht do we know & need to know? Ask nd nswer (?) two questions Review chemicl control Introduce new chemistry Selective options for Lygus control? Big impct? Crop Loss Reporting Insecticide use trends, historicl review Focus of brekout in fternoon

3 Lygus IPM depends on 3 bsic keys 3 2 1

4 Key Elements wht hve we got?

5 Lygus Cn Be Mnged! Even side-by-side

6 Lygus Cn Be Mnged Better!

7 Spry ll you wnt! Lygus hesperus Adult Cn cuse dmge Cnnot be relibly controlled Key to movement & reproduction

8 Two Scles for Questions in Lygus Mngement When should mngers discontinue ny further Lygus chemicl controls in cotton? Cn we estimte & chrcterize inter-crop effects of Lygus sptilly?

9 Extension Progrm Initited in 2 in response to extreme nd negtive interctions mong producers of different crops Communiction / Awreness Eduction Systemtic Survey / Reserch

10 Sptil Study Two townships, spring & erly summer hosts (April - July) Cotton, lflf, seed lflf, fllow, weeds, nd smll grins; georeferenced Sweeps (15 in. dim.) from ech potentil host weekly Exmine source / sink reltionships mong crops

11 Ring Anlysis? Tree Rings? Crop Circles?

12 Ring Anlyses to Determine Rnge of Impct of Lygus Around ech focl cotton fields, clculte crop densities in concentric rings Multiply tht crop density by the men density of Lygus in ech ring = Estimte of source potentil C How re Lygus densities in focl fields relted to source potentil of surrounding crops?

13 Focl Cotton Fields (5) Focl cotton field Seed lflf Forge lflf Cotton Fllow.75 km

14 Spring Lygus Densities (dults & nymphs) Significntly more Lygus were found in Seed Alflf, Forge Alflf, nd fllow fields (weeds), thn in cotton Crop Type N Lygus Density (log D + 1)* Seed Alflf Forge Alflf Fllow Cotton 72.69b * Vlues fb sme letter not significntly different (P >.5)

15 Lygus Associtions Seed lflf fields re sources of Lygus for cotton fields. This effect does not extend beyond 1 mile. Cotton fields re sinks for Lygus. This effect disppers beyond.5 miles. Strtegic plcement of crops could help llevite Lygus problems.

16 Strtegic Plnting Sensitive host Non host 1 mile Source

17 Adults move; Nymphs don t F3threshold

18 Adults move; Nymphs et! UTC

19 3 Sprys Sprys Note height difference

20 Avoid Adults; Control Nymphs!

21 Yield & Revenue : Density R 2 =.86 <== ve. costs Mximum 1.7 nymphs / Mximum 5.2 nymphs / Threshold (in nymphs / 1; 15T) Recommendtion: 4 nymphs with t lest 15 totl Lygus per 1 sweeps ( 15:4 )

22 Smpling & Thresholds 1 sweeps

23 Smpling & Thresholds 13 Adults + 4 Nymphs (17:4) is over 15:4 Spry

24 Smpling & Thresholds 13 Adults + 3 Nymphs (16:3) is under 15:4 Not Yet!

25 Two Scles for Questions in Lygus Mngement When should mngers discontinue ny further Lygus chemicl controls in cotton? Cn we estimte & chrcterize inter-crop effects of Lygus sptilly? Seed lflf cn be source for Lygus in cotton Lygus cn pprently move from source nd ffect fields up to 1 mile wy

26 Timing Seson Controls (when should you stop sprying?) Lygus Termintion (LT) 5-Aug 16-Aug 2 wk < c.o. Spry Dtes 23-Aug 1 wk < c.o. 6-Sep 1 wk > c.o. 2-Sep 3 wk > c.o. LT4 LT3 LT2 LT1 c.o. = cut-out or nodes bove white flower = 5

27 Lrge Yield Difference DP422BR erly LT1 << LT2 LT1 LT2 LT3 LT4 LT1 LT2 LT3 LT4 LT1 LT2 LT3 LT DP33B medium 2F4LT DP655BR full Lygus Chemicl Termintion X Vriety L T 4 L T 3 L T 2 L T 1 Lygus Sprys 3 weeks > cutout, 5 sprys, 9/2/2 1 week > cutout, 4 sprys, 9/6/2 1 week < cutout, 3 sprys, 8/23/2 2 weeks < cutout, 2 sprys, 8/16/2

28 Every Yer is Different! You should hve quit while you were hed!

29 23 Experiment Two plnting dtes: April 3 & My 28 Three vrieties: SG215BR, DP449BR, DP555BR Two irrigtion termintion timings: Aug. & Sept. Four Lygus chemicl control termintions High het stress & fruit shed July-August Extremely productive fll, long, open nd dry

30 bb b b b cc b cc bb cc b bb bb cc bb c bb cc bbb

31 High Popultions Seson 5 45 bbb b b bb c

32 Yield : Nymphs Reltionship Nymphs / 1

33 bb b b b b bb b cc bb b bb b bb bbb 5 Cotton Returns Don t Spry 2 3 Sprys 1 Spry

34 Effective & Selective Chemistry Effective chemistry is vilble, but limited to brod spectrum mterils (I.e., Orthene or Vydte) Selective technologies hve been key to mnging whiteflies nd pink bollworm Cn selective gents be found for Lygus?

35 Studies Identified Effective Compounds (5-fold increse in yield) Orthene 9S Orthene 97 Vydte CLV Regent Progrm (3X) Must & Thio Lnn & Thio Thiodn 3E Legend C H C L UTC 5-fold Increse in Yields (98F4W) Lint (bles/a) bc bc c d d d de ef f f

36 22 Lygus Screening Tril (2F4L) Lrge nymphs per 1 sweeps (sesonl ve.) Experimentl 1 Control 5 Thionex Vydte Orthene Rottions C x x C T V O Neonicotinoids x r 2 r 4

37 Adults Unffected (2F4L) 6 Adults per 1 sweeps (sesonl ve.)

38 22 Lygus Screening Tril (2F4L) 1.4 Yield in bles per cre C x x C T V O Neonicotinoids x r 2 r 4

39 > 1-fold Increse in Yields (2F4L) 1.4 Yield in bles per cre Orthene (1.28 bles).6 Control.4 (.11 bles).2 C x x C T V O Neonicotinoids x r 2 r 4

40 Selective Chemistry? Crboxylesterse : tcrine

41 New Chemistry: Selective ions for the Future? Novluron (Dimond) Mkhteshim-Agn Uniroyl / Crompton Benzoylure Chitin inhibitor Contct only Flonicmid ISK Industries FMC Corportion Pyridine crboxmide Feeding inhibitor Systemic

42 Yield (3F4Eff) * * * * Flonicmid (4 Sprys) Orthene (5 Sprys) b b b Regent (5 Sprys) Vydte (5 Sprys) c d c f g f g f g Control ( Sprys) O V C D F R U

43 Lygus Nymph Control, 7DAT (3F4Eff) b c b b b c b c d b c d d c d UTC ( Sprys) 5 4 Dimond (1 Spry) Flonicmid (1 Spry) U O V D F R

44 Insecticide Use in AZ Cotton Selective technologies stbilized usge (i.e., Bt & IGRs) However, current usge reflects the importnce of Lygus Ave. Folir Spry Intensity Whitefly Pink bollworm Lygus bugs Other $217 $113 (ve. cost / A) $16 $138 $121 $111 $18 $13 $68 $56 $62 $64 $

45 Mjor Thret to Cotton Production in AZ Over the lst 5 yers 45% of ll insecticide sprys hve been trgeted t Lygus 41% of the entire insecticide budget hs been invested ginst Lygus 66% of the yield loss hs been ttributed to Lygus

46 Acknowledgments Virgini Brkley who supervised nd others (7) who conducted the smpling Christ Ellers-Kirk for ssistnce with nlyses Lrry Antill, Jerry Kerr nd the rest of the ACRPC stff who provide crop mps & coordintes Steve Husmn, Dve Lngston, Jennifer Jones nd cooperting growers involved with the implementtion of the Mricop Community Wide Lygus Action Pln ACGA nd Cotton Incorported who supported (pce) the Lygus termintion studies

47 Informtion All University of Arizon crop production & crop protection informtion is vilble on our web site, A C I S Arizon Crop Informtion Site (ACIS), t