REVIEW. What Do You Remember? UNIT

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1 UNIT B REVIEW The following icons indicate the Achievement Chart category addressed by each question. K/U Knowledge/Understanding T/I Thinking/Investigation C Communication A Application What Do You Remember? For each question, select the best answer from the four alternatives. 1. All living things contain (a) cells. (b) tissues. (c) organs. (d) organ systems. (2.1) K/U 2. All living things are able to (a) photosynthesize. (b) reproduce. (c) move. (d) breathe. (2.1, 2.3) K/U 3. Identify the type(s) of tissue found in the heart. (3.4, 3.8) K/U (a) epithelial (b) muscle (c) nerve (d) all of the above 4. Which one of the following tissue systems is not part of a plant? (4.2) K/U (a) vascular (b) ground (c) respiratory (d) dermal 5. Which phase of mitosis is marked by chromosomes lining up along the middle of the cell? (2.5) K/U (a) prophase (c) anaphase (b) metaphase (d) telophase 6. Which of the following organs cannot be transplanted from one person to another? (3.7) K/U (a) cornea (c) spinal cord (b) lung (d) blood 7. In plants, the cells that can develop into any kind of tissue are called (a) meristem (c) the root cap (b) xylem cells (d) palisade cells (4.2, 4.6) K/U 8. Cells that contain only half of the DNA from each parent are called (a) clones. (b) zygotes. (c) gametes. (d) chromosomes. (2.3) K/U 9. Which of the following best describes connective tissue? (3.1) K/U (a) tissue that provides support and protection for various parts of the body (b) tissue that conducts electrical signals from one part of the body to another (c) tissue that contains proteins that can contract and enable the body to move (d) tissue made of tightly packed cells that covers body surfaces and lines internal organs 10. Which of the following is a product of photosynthesis? (2.1, 4.1, 4.4) K/U (a) water (c) solar energy (b) oxygen (d) carbon dioxide 11. During which part of the cell cycle are the DNA strands replicated? (2.5) K/U (a) anaphase (c) metaphase (b) prophase (d) interphase Indicate whether each of the statements is TRUE or FALSE. If you think the statement is false, rewrite it to make it true. 12. Animals have levels of organization (a hierarchy) for structure and function, including cells, tissues, tissue systems, and organ systems. (3.1) K/U 13. The tissue system responsible for transporting materials around a plant is called the dermal tissue system. (4.2) K/U 14. The phase of mitosis during which DNA replicates is called prophase. (2.5) K/U 15. The organ system in humans responsible for sending information to and from the heart is called the nervous system. (3.4, 3.10) K/U 158 Unit B Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things NEL

2 16. The part of a plant that contains only the male sex cells is the seed. (4.1) K/U 17. Cancerous tumours may form when cells stop dividing. (2.7) K/U 18. The main function of leaves on a plant is protection. (4.1, 4.2) K/U 19. When there is a good supply of water within a plant leaf, the guard cells close the stomata to prevent the water from escaping. (4.4) K/U 20. Veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to other parts of the body. (3.4) K/U Copy each of the following statements into your notebook. Fill in the blanks with a word or phrase that correctly completes the sentence. 21. Two main sources of blood stem cells are and. (3.2) K/U 22. tissue transmits signals to the tissue, instructing it to contract. (3.8, 3.10) K/U 23. The organ systems that help remove waste substances from your body are the, the, the, and the systems. (3.3, 3.4, 3.6, 3.8) K/U 24. The organ system that enables you to detect changes in your environment is the system. (3.10) K/U 25. Guard cells close to conserve at night. (4.4) K/U 26. Skeletal muscles always work in opposing : one muscle causes the joint to ; the other muscle causes the joint to. (3.8) K/U 27. During the process of diffusion, substances move from an area of concentration to an area of concentration. (2.3) K/U 28. The process by which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific function is called. (3.2) K/U Match each term on the left with the appropriate description on the right. 29. (a) diabetes (i) an inflammation of (b) tuberculosis the lining of the large (c) osteoporosis intestine (d) multiple (ii) a disease that destroys the sclerosis (e) colitis myelin sheaths of neurons (iii) a condition in which the pancreas produces too much or too little insulin (iv) a disease that involves the loss of bone tissue, making bones brittle and weak (v) an infectious disease caused by bacteria growing in the lungs ( ) K/U Write a short answer to each of these questions. 30. Give three reasons why cells divide. (2.3) K/U 31. Define the term interphase. Explain what occurs during this part of the cell cycle. (2.5) K/U 32. Why must a cell s nucleus replicate during mitosis before cell division proceeds? (2.5) K/U 33. When looking at two samples of cells, how can you tell that cell division is more rapid in one sample than in the other? (2.6, 2.8) K/U 34. Identify several factors that affect the growth and cell cycle rate of healthy cells. (2.5, 2.7) K/U 35. List three factors that are known to increase the risk of cancer in humans. (2.7) K/U 36. Which body systems work together to provide nutrients to all of your cells? Explain your answer. (3.3, 3.4) K/U 37. One way that plants differ from animals is that plants cannot move from place to place. Explain why plants do not have to move from place to place in order to survive. (4.1, 4.2, 4.4) K/U 38. Choose one type of animal tissue and explain how the structure of that tissue supports its function. (3.1, 3.3, 3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 3.10) K/U NEL Unit B Review 159

3 What Do You Understand? 39. Why are the roots of a carrot plant so much larger than the roots of a grass plant? (4.1, 4.2) K/U 40. Describe an example of regeneration that you or someone you know has experienced. (3.2) A 41. (a) Describe at least two similarities between the process of photosynthesis and the process of cellular respiration. (b) Describe at least two differences between the process of photosynthesis and the process of cellular respiration. (2.1, 4.1, 4.4) T/I 42. Draw the stages of mitosis in animal and plant cells. Use these diagrams to compare mitosis in plant and animal cells. Identify differences between animal and plant cell mitosis. (2.5, 2.6) K/U C 43. Create a table to compare healthy cells with cancer cells. Include the following headings in your table: Rate of cell division; Level of specialization; Length of mitosis; Appearance of cell; and Ability to move. ( ) K/U C 44. Briefly describe at least three medical imaging technologies. Explain how each technology is used in the diagnosis of injuries, diseases, or disorders. (2.7, 3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 3.9) K/U 45. Explain in your own words how an increase in the volume of a cell affects its ability to meet its needs. (2.3, 2.4) K/U 46. Differentiate between the three types of muscle. (3.8) K/U 47. What is the advantage of treating specialized cells to make them behave as stem cells? (3.2) K/U A 48. Describe the main difference between xenotransplantation and regular organ transplantation. (3.7) K/U A 49. Some kinds of pollen are very light and are blown by the wind. Explain how this helps a plant reproduce. (4.1) K/U 51. A frog uses its skin as a respiratory surface. Explain how this can be both an advantage and a disadvantage. (3.4) K/U 52. In addition to food and medicine, list four ways in which plants are used in your everyday life. A (4.1) 53. (a) What are the functions of animal epithelial tissues? (b) What are the functions of plant dermal tissues? (c) What are the similarities and differences in these functions? (3.1, 4.2, 4.4) K/U 54. Compare the transport system in a plant with that in an animal. (3.4, 4.2, 4.4) K/U 55. Compare how a plant and an animal obtain nutrients. (3.3, 4.2, 4.4) K/U 56. Create a table to compare the hierarchy of organization in plant and animal bodies. (3.1, 4.1) K/U C 57. Create and complete a table that compares asexual reproduction in plants with asexual reproduction in animals. (2.3, 4.6) K/U C 58. Several animal organ systems were mentioned in Chapter 3. Create a concept map to show how these organ systems work together to keep the human body functioning. (3.3, 3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 3.10, 3.11) K/U C 59. Create a concept map that shows the four components of blood. Include a brief description of each component s function in your map. (3.4) C 60. Some organelles in a single-celled organism perform functions similar to those of organ systems in a human body. For each of the organelles listed below, choose an organ or organ system that performs a similar function. Explain each of your choices. (2.1, 3.3, 3.4, 3.8, 4.2) T/I (a) endoplasmic reticulum (b) Golgi bodies (c) cytoplasm 50. In what type of climate would you be likely to find a plant with a very thick cuticle around its leaves and stem? (4.2, 4.4) K/U 160 Unit B Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things NEL

4 Solve a Problem 61. Some aquatic plants grow on the surface of a pond, while others grow at the bottom of a pond. Predict what would happen to the plants growing at the bottom if the plants on the surface grew and covered the entire surface of the pond. (4.4) T/I 62. What is one advantage and one disadvantage of having a body made mostly of specialized cells rather than a body made of one type of cell that performs many functions? (2.9) T/I 63. People with the blood disorder anemia have a deficiency of hemoglobin in their red blood cells. Explain how this disorder could affect the function of the circulatory system. (3.4) T/I A 64. During a lab activity, a researcher counts cells in two areas of a sample. Cells in all stages of the cell cycle are present in the sample. The observations are recorded in Table 1. These cells normally take 15 hours to complete one cell cycle. T/I C Table 1 Cell phase data Cell stage or phase Area 1 Area 2 interphase prophase 14 9 metaphase 3 1 anaphase 2 3 telophase 3 5 cytokinesis 9 6 Total cell count Percentage in each stage/phase Time for each phase (h) 65. Your red blood cells and your outermost layer of skin cells do not contain a nucleus. (2.5, 3.2) K/U T/I A (a) What happens to these cells, in terms of the cell cycle? (b) If a skin cream claimed to restore cells in your skin, could your cells produce new skin cells? (c) Design a test for the claim that new skin cells are being created by a skin cream. 66. Table 2 shows the approximate lifespan of different human body cells. T/I A Table 2 Human Cell Lifespans Cell type stomach and intestinal cells skin cells red blood cells bone brain Lifespan 2 to 5 days 2 weeks 3 months 10 years 30 to 50 years (a) Why do you think different cells have such a range of lifespans? (b) How would this affect injuries in different regions of the body? 67. A new sunblock product claims to have an SPF rating of 60. This means that you get 60 times your body s natural defence against the Sun s UVB rays. T/I C A (a) How could you test this claim? Comment on the ethics of your test. (b) If many skin cancers are associated with UVA rays, what impact could this product have on cancer rates? (a) Copy Table 1 into your notebook. Calculate the percentage of cells in each phase and how much time is spent in each stage or phase of the cell cycle. (b) Create a circle graph for either Area A or Area B, indicating the percentage of cells in each stage/phase. NEL Unit B Review 161

5 68. Following the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in 1986, many people developed cancers. The radiation damaged chromosomes, so they could not control their cells in the normal way. (2.7) K/U T/I A (a) How might this affect cell division? (b) How could you detect this effect on cells? 69. Most flowering plants will produce fruit only if the flower has been pollinated. How might this affect a fruit grower s decision to use pesticides? T/I A 70. When fruits mature, they begin to release a gas called ethene. Ethene will cause nearby fruits to ripen as well. T/I A (a) How could you test this effect using a ripe banana? (b) How could you design a method to reduce this effect so that you could make fruit last longer in your home? 71. How could you demonstrate that the vascular tissue connects all parts of a plant? T/I 72. Choose two related organ systems and explain how they work together. (3.3, 3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 3.10, 3.11, 4.2, 4.4) K/U A 73. Suggest what causes solutions to move water through the xylem and phloem of plants. Explain your answer. (4.2) K/U Create and Evaluate 74. Using students in your class, act out the phases of the cell cycle, including mitosis. (2.5) K/U C 75. Choose one local fundraising activity associated with one of the diseases described in this unit. Prepare a public relations campaign for the students in your class or school to promote this event. (2.7, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 3.10) K/U C A 76. For plants, what are the advantages and disadvantages of growing tall? (4.1, 4.2, 4.4, 4.6) A 77. A friend tells you that you should not have a plant in your bedroom because at night the plant takes oxygen from the air that you need to breathe. Is your friend correct? Explain your K/U T/I answer. (4.4) 78. Write a brief paragraph describing the journey of an oxygen molecule as it enters the nose and finally ends up in a muscle cell. (3.3, 3.6, 3.8) K/U C 79. Grafting is a technique sometimes used to grow plants and trees. For example, to produce an apple tree by grafting, the stem from one tree is inserted into a cut in the stump of another tree. If the graft is successful, these two parts will grow together and form a new apple tree. Is grafting an example of sexual or asexual reproduction? How do you know? (2.3, 4.1, 4.6) A Reflect On Your Learning 80. Which phase of the cell cycle is the most difficult to clearly identify? Explain why you had difficulty with this particular phase. Ask your classmates for tips in helping to identify this phase. 81. Prior to completing this unit, what were your thoughts and ideas about transgenic plants? How has your understanding of GMOs changed? 82. Before starting this unit, you may have had certain beliefs about the causes of cancer and heart disease. Is there anything you can do now to reduce your own risk of developing cancer or heart disease? Explain. 83. In this unit, you learned that plants and animals have both transport and gas exchange systems. (a) What relationship is there between the transport and gas exchange systems of plants and animals? (b) Does this relationship make sense to you? Explain why or why not. (c) What other comparisons between plants and animals can you make? 84. In this unit, you have read about many uses for imaging technology. Has this information made you interested in a career in imaging technology? Briefly explain your answer. 162 Unit B Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things NEL

6 85. (a) Before studying this unit, what were your opinions about organ donation? (b) How has your understanding of organ donation changed? Web Connections 86. Copy or trace Figure 1 into your notebook. Find out what each sections of the ECG corresponds to the different parts of a heartbeat cycle. Use the Internet and other resources to help you. Use your research to add descriptive labels to your ECG trace. T/I C P Q seconds Figure 1 A portion of an electrocardiogram (ECG) R S T 88. (a) What is tissue engineering? Summarize your findings in a brief report. (b) Name at least one organ that should be considered for future tissue engineering research. Explain why and how this organ should be considered for this process. T/I C A 89. Choose a type of cancer that you are interested in learning more about. Research this disease to determine whether there are any environmental causes, lifestyle factors, or other contributing factors. Create a short radio spot telling listeners how to minimize their risk of contracting this disease. T/I C A 90. Investigate the phenomenon of colony collapse disorder. This disorder has been reported in North America and Europe. T/I C A (a) Conduct research to identify what this is and where it has been observed. (b) Predict what impact this might have on our food supply. Write up your prediction as a letter to the editor of an agricultural magazine. 87. Research the differences in the digestive systems of mammals that eat only meat and mammals that eat only plants. Create two labelled models or diagrams to communicate your finding. T/I C For all Nelson Web Connections, GO TO NELSON SCIENCE NEL Unit B Review 163

UNIT. Review SUGGESTED ANSWERS WHAT DO YOU REMEMBER? 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (b)11. (d)

UNIT. Review SUGGESTED ANSWERS WHAT DO YOU REMEMBER? 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (b)11. (d) UNIT B Review SUGGESTED ANSWERS WHAT DO YOU REMEMBER? 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (b)11. (d) 12. False. Animals have levels of organization (a hierarchy) for structure