Name period date AP BIO- 2 nd QTR 6 Week Test Review

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1 Name period date AP BIO- 2 nd QTR 6 Week Test Review Cellular Respiration 1. In the following reaction, C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy, identify which is reduced and which is oxidized: a. Glucose is oxidized b. Oxygen is reduced 2. Place and x in the blanks of the stages of cellular respiration that reduce NAD+ a. x_glycolysis c. x _Krebs/ Citric Acid Cycle b. x Pyruvate processing d. ETC 3. Place and x in the blanks of the stages of aerobic respiration that function whether or not oxygen is present a. _ x Glycolysis c. Krebs/ Citric Acid Cycle b. Pyruvate processing d. ETC 4. Glycolysis cannot function without the presence of NAD+: how do the ETC and fermentation return NAD+ to glycolysis? Rearrangement of pyruvate to store electrons obtained from NADH as lactic acid or ethanol; NADH becomes NAD+ when lose electrons 5. How many oxygen molecules are required in the complete oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water via aerobic respiration? 6 6. Write the net number of molecules produced during each of the phases of Aerobic respiration. Do not write in the blank if the molecule is not produced. ATP NADH FADH 2 CO 2 H 2 O Glycolysis 2 2 Pyruvate processing 2 2 Krebs ETC 6 7. During cellular respiration, where are the following molecules found: cytosol, matrix, or inter-membrane space of cristae a. matrix Acetyl Co-A? b. matrix Oxaloacetate? c. Cristae ATP synthase? d. cytosol Glucose? e. cristae Oxygen?

2 8. Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ into which location in eukaryotic cells? inner membrane space of the cristae 9. Which metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation? Where does this stage occur in the cell? glycolysis ; cytosol/ cytoplasm 10. Which molecule is the final acceptor of electrons? oxygen (O 2 ) Photosynthesis 11. Identify the major products of each of the following: a. ATP ; NADH Light dependent reaction (2)? b. electrons and H+ Splitting water molecules? c. CO 2 Calvin cycle? 12. What is the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration? Photosynthesis reduces CO2/ produces glucose/ stores energy/ decreases entropy Cell Respiration oxidizes glucose/ produces ATP energy/ releases energy/ increases entropy 13. What happens to the electrons in the reaction centers of chlorophyll when photons hits them? Electrons are excited and jump up to an e- carrier (pheophytin or ferrdoxin) 14. Which color wavelengths are absorbed by: a. blue ; red Chlorophylls? b. green Carotenoids? 15. When do these activities occur: night, day, or both? a. day Photosynthesis- PSII and PSI? b. both Photosynthesis- Calvin cycle? c. both Respiration? d. day removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules? 16. Where do these activities occur: cytosol, stroma, thylakoid membrane a. stroma Calvin cycle? b. thylakoid PSII? c. thylakoid PSI? 17. During which stage do the following activities occur: PSII, PSI, Calvin Cycle a. PSII Split water to release oxygen? b. Calvin Synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide? c. PSI Reduce NADP+ to NADPH? d. Calvin Oxidize NADPH to NADP+? e. Calvin Requires CO 2?

3 Energetics: 18. Photosynthesis or Respiration? a. respiration Reduction of NAD+? b. photosynthesis Reduction of NADP+? c. respiration Oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water? d. photosynthesis Reduction of carbon dioxide to glucose and other small molecules? e. respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy f. photosynthesis 6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2 19. In mitochondria, chemiosmosis moves protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis moves protons from the water molecules to the inner membrane of the thylakoid. (hint: where is ATP synthase?) DNA Synthesis and Repair 20. For a science fair project, two students decided to repeat the Hershey and Chase experiment, with modifications. They decided to label the nitrogen of the DNA, rather than the phosphate. They reasoned that each nucleotide has only one phosphate and two to five nitrogens. Thus, labeling the nitrogens would provide a stronger signal than labeling the phosphates. Why won't this experiment work? Both DNA and protein have nitrogen (CHON) 21. If a sample of DNA contained 35% thymine, what would be the percentages of a. 35% Adenine? b. 15% Guanine? c. 15% Cytosine? 22. What type of bond is found between: a. Phosphodiester Nucleotides in the sugar-phosphate backbone? b. hydrogen Complementary base pairs in double stranded DNA? 23. Describe the semiconservative model of DNA synthesis. Hydrogen bonds between complimentary base pairs are cut. Each strand is used as a template to build a new complimentary strand of DNA. Results in two DNA molecules that are identical to the original DNA (ideal).

4 24. a. C Which structure is responsible for stabilizing DNA in its single-stranded form? b. B Which of the structures in the figure causes the two strands of DNA to separate? c. A Which of the structures in the figure adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand? 25. Put the following steps of DNA replication in chronological order. a. 2 Single-stranded binding proteins attach to DNA strands. b. 1 Hydrogen bonds between base pairs of antiparallel strands are broken. c. 3 Primase binds to the site of origin. d. 5 DNA polymerase binds to the template strand. e. 4 An RNA primer is created. 26. Refer to the figure above. What bases will be added to the primer as DNA replication proceeds? The bases should appear in the new strand in the order that they will be added starting at the end of the primer. 5 AGACGAC3

5 Proteins Involved in DNA Synthesis Process Protein Function 1. C 2. G 3. H Opening the helix Synthesis of leading strand Synthesis of the lagging strand 1. E 2. B 3. F 1. E 2. B 3. F 4. A 5. D 27. Identify the enzymes responsible for the functions a. DNA polymerase I d. Ligase b. DNA polymerase III e. Primase c. Helicase f. Sliding clamp Breaks hydrogen bonds between base pairs Stabilizes single-stranded DNA Breaks and rejoins DNA strand to untwist the double helix Catalyzes the synthesis of the RNA primer Adds bases to the growing DNA strand Holds DNA polymerase in place during strand elongation Catalyzes the synthesis of RNA primers Adds bases to the growing end of the Okazaki fragment Holds DNA polymerase in place during strand elongation Removes the RNA primer and replaces it with DNA Joins Okazaki fragments into a continuous strand g. SS binding proteins h. Topoisomerase 28. Which enzyme is responsible for proofreading during DNA replication? DNA Pol III 29. The transduction experiments done by Hershey and Chase, and the transformation experiments done by Griffith, supported the same conclusion, which was that DNA is the molecular substance of genetic inheritance 30. What is the cause of XP? Failure of nucleotide excision repair mechanism 31. Hershey and Chase set out to determine what molecule served as the unit of inheritance. They completed a series of transduction experiments in which E. coli was infected by a T2 virus. Which molecular component of the T2 virus actually ended up inside the cell? DNA

6 32. Multiple Choice: Inside an active mitochondrion, most electrons follow which pathway? a. pyruvate citric acid cycle ATP NADH oxygen b. citric acid cycle NADH electron transport chain oxygen c. glycolysis NADH oxidative phosphorylation ATP oxygen d. citric acid cycle FADH2 electron transport chain ATP e. electron transport chain citric acid cycle ATP oxygen 33. Multiple Choice: Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis? a. NADPH O2 C O2 b. NADPH electron transport chain O2 c. H2O photosystem I photosystem II d. NADPH chlorophyll Calvin cycle e. H2O NADPH Calvin cycle 34. Multiple Choice: How are the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis related? a. The products of light-dependent reactions are used in light-independent reactions. b. The products of light-independent reactions must be present for light-dependent reactions to take place. c. The products of light-independent reactions are used in light-dependent reactions. d. They are not related. 35. Multiple Choice: Watson and Crick elucidated the structure of DNA in Their research built on and helped explain the findings of other scientists, includinga. X-ray diffraction studies by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. b. Scientists who recognized that a nucleotide consisted of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen-containing base. c. Chargaff's rules: C = G and T = A. d. All of the above were important considerations in the elucidation of the structure of DNA.