Kiln%Apartments:%% A%Mul12family%Passive%House% %

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1 Kiln%Apartments:%% A%Mul12family%Passive%House% % Presented(on(Oct(23,(2014(by(David(Posada,(GBD(Architects( Disclaimer:+This+presenta1on+was+developed+by+a+third+party+and+is+not+funded+by+ WoodWorks+or+the+So=wood+Lumber+Board.(

2 The(Wood(Products(Council (is( a(registered(provider(with(the( American(InsHtute(of(Architects( ConHnuing(EducaHon(Systems( (AIA/CES),(Provider(#G516.( (! Credit(s)(earned(on(compleHon( of(this(course(will(be(reported(to( AIA(CES(for(AIA(members.( CerHficates(of(CompleHon(for( both(aia(members(and(nonuaia( members(are(available(upon( request.( ( ( This(course(is(registered(with( AIA(CES(for(conHnuing( professional(educahon.(as( such,(it(does(not(include( content(that(may(be(deemed( or(construed(to(be(an( approval(or(endorsement(by( the(aia(of(any(material(of( construchon(or(any(method(or( manner(of( handling,(using,(distribuhng,( or(dealing(in(any(material(or( product.( QuesHons(related(to(specific(materials,( methods,(and(services(will(be(addressed( at(the(conclusion(of(this(presentahon.(

3 Course%Descrip1on% This(case(study(features(one(of(the(first(marketUrate( apartment(buildings(in(the(us(to(pursue(passive( House(cerHficaHon a(recently(completed(fiveu story,(wooduframe(building(in(portland(oregon.( In(addiHon(to(the(technical(challenges(of(applying( Passive(House(principles(to(mulHUfamily(housing,( topics(include(cost(premiums,(constructability( challenges,(and(lessons(to(improve(more( widespread(adophon(of(passive(house(methods.(( Discussion(will(also(cover(windowUtoUwall(raHo,( assembly(ophons(and(details,(shade(selechon,( modeling(challenges,(sequencing(and(schedule,( blower(door(tests,(infrared(imaging(and(more.((

4 Learning%Objec1ves% 1. Summarize(energy(efficiency,(venHlaHon,(design,(and( construchon(criteria(for(the(passive(house(standard;( ( 2. IdenHfy(technical(challenges(of(applying(passive(house( design(principles(to(mulhufamily(housing;( ( 3. IdenHfy(key(cost(premiums(and(constructability( challenges;( ( 4. Apply(lessons(learned(to(reduce(future(costs(and(barriers( to(adophon(for(this(aggressive(energy(efficiency(standard.(

5 18, 1-BR rental units Ave unit size 600 sf 2-Bedroom Penthouse 1100 sf Retail Portland, Oregon Completed June 2014 Climate Zone 4C marine, 4400 HDD, 1350 CDD

6 Passive House Standard Continuous insulation Triple pane windows Continuous air barrier Heat Recovery Ventilation Balance shading & solar gain Minimal heating & cooling

7 Passive House Standard Continuous insulation Triple pane windows Continuous air barrier Heat Recovery Ventilation Balance shading & solar gain Minimal heating & cooling

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9 SUPERINSULATED HOUSE SASKATCHEWAN, 1974 RU40(Walls( RU60(Roof( Triple(glazed(windows( Heat(Recovery(VenHlator( AirHght(construcHon( WWR,(Thermal(mass( Minimal(heaHng( FIRST PASSIVHAUS DARMSTADT, GERMANY (Masonry(walls( Exterior(10 (EPS(R40( R57(Roof( SMITH HOUSE URBANA, IL 2003 RU60(Wall(12 (TJI+4 (foam( RU60(Roof(( Stem(walls(6 (EPS(foam(RU26( Slab(14 (XPS((RU56( Thermotech(windows(U.19(

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13 FAIRVIEW AFFORDABLE HOUSING URBANA, IL 2005 BIOHAUS, BEMIDJI, MIN 2005 EVANS-RUE HOUSE SALEM, OR 2010

14 Karuna House Holst Architects Hammer & Hand Imagine Energy

15 Orchards at Orenco AMAA, WALSH CONSTRUCTION, GREEN HAMMER Stellar Apartments BERGSUND DELANEY, MEILI CONSTRUCTION, SOLARC

16 Walls 1. DOUBLE STUD 2. STUDS + FOAM

17 Windows U-VALUE SOLAR HEAT GAIN THERMAL BRIDGING FRAME AIRTIGHTNESS

18 Thermal bridge-free

19 Heat Recovery Ventilation

20 Air tightness Energy(Star(Home:(3U5(ACH(

21 500,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000,000 50,000, ,598, ,569, ,664,411 CONV LEED GOLD LEED PLATINUM / ECO DISTRICT

22 500,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000,000 50,000, ,598, ,569, ,664,411 CONV LEED GOLD LEED PLATINUM / ECO DISTRICT

23 500,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000,000 50,000, ,598, ,569, ,664,411 CONV LEED GOLD LEED PLATINUM / ECO DISTRICT

24 500,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,598, ,000, ,000,000 A house that 254,569,238 doesn t 200,000, ,000, ,000,000 50,000,000 - need a furnace 184,664,411 CONV LEED GOLD LEED PLATINUM / ECO DISTRICT You can heat it with a hair dryer

25 500,000, ,598, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000,000 50,000,000 - Continuous Insulation & air barrier; 254,569,238 Thermal bridge free construction; 184,664,411 Premium windows thermal comfort; Balance solar gain & shading; CONV LEED GOLD LEED PLATINUM / ECO DISTRICT Balanced [active] ventilation with heat recovery; Minimal heating, cooling (thru vent ducts);

26 2. Kiln Apartments

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30 COPYRIGHT 2013 GBD ARCHITECTS

31 BUG Prototype, INSITU

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45 2. Multi-family

46 Known Un-knowns Model PH Boundary TFA of common areas Mixed Use PHPP Air tightness Blower door test Leakage? Thermal Layer Wall assembly? How continuous? Thermal bridges Penetrations Windows Fuel type, HVAC & PE

47 Known Un-knowns Model PH Boundary TFA of common areas Mixed Use PHPP TFA: Exclude stairs, elevator; 60%: Hallways, lobby, mechanical rooms, bike storage, trash room. COPYRIGHT 2013 GBD ARCHITECTS

48 Known Un-knowns Model PH Boundary TFA of common areas Mixed Use PHPP TFA: Exclude stairs, elevator; 60%: Hallways, lobby, mechanical rooms, bike storage, trash room.

49 Known Un-knowns Model PH Boundary TFA of common areas Mixed Use PHPP Air tightness Blower door test Leakage? Thermal Layer Wall assembly? How continuous? Thermal bridges Penetrations Windows Fuel type, HVAC & PE

50 Known Un-knowns Model PH Boundary TFA of common areas Mixed Use PHPP Air tightness Blower door test Leakage? Thermal Layer Wall assembly? How continuous? Thermal bridges Penetrations Windows Fuel type, HVAC & PE

51 Known Un-knowns Model PH Boundary TFA of common areas Mixed Use PHPP Air tightness Blower door test Leakage? Thermal Layer Wall assembly? How continuous? Thermal bridges Penetrations Windows Fuel type, HVAC & PE

52 Known Un-knowns Model PH Boundary TFA of common areas Mixed Use PHPP Air tightness Blower door test Leakage? Thermal Layer Wall assembly? How continuous? Thermal bridges Penetrations Windows Fuel type, HVAC & PE

53 Known Un-knowns Model PH Boundary TFA of common areas Mixed Use PHPP Air tightness Blower door test Leakage? Thermal Layer Wall assembly? How continuous? Thermal bridges Penetrations Windows Fuel type, HVAC & PE

54 Known Un-knowns Model PH Boundary TFA of common areas Mixed Use PHPP Air tightness Blower door test Leakage? Thermal Layer Wall assembly? How continuous? Thermal bridges Penetrations Windows Fuel type, HVAC & PE

55 3. PH Strategies

56 CONTINUOUS INSULATION & AIR BARRIER Slabs & Footings Exterior Walls Parapet & Roof deck Window & Door openings Sunshades Awnings

57 CONTINUOUS INSULATION & AIR BARRIER Slabs & Footings Exterior Walls Parapet & Roof deck Window & Door openings Sunshades Awnings

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59 CONTINUOUS INSULATION & AIR BARRIER Slabs & Footings Exterior Walls Parapet & Roof deck Window & Door openings Sunshades Awnings

60 CONTINUOUS INSULATION & AIR BARRIER Slabs & Footings Exterior Walls Parapet & Roof deck Window & Door openings Sunshades Awnings

61 CONTINUOUS INSULATION & AIR BARRIER Slabs & Footings Exterior Walls Parapet & Roof deck Window & Door openings Sunshades Awnings Presentation Title 10/15/14 Page 63

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65 CONTINUOUS INSULATION & AIR BARRIER Slabs & Footings Exterior Walls Parapet & Roof deck Window & Door openings Sunshades Awnings

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67 ULTRA HIGH PERFORMING WINDOWS HH Windows Seattle, WA U-value 0.12 & 0.13 SHGC 0.56 South SHGC 0.25 N, E, W COPYRIGHT 2013 GBD ARCHITECTS

68 ULTRA HIGH PERFORMING WINDOWS HH Windows Seattle, WA U-value 0.12 & 0.13 SHGC 0.56 South SHGC 0.25 N, E, W COPYRIGHT 2013 GBD ARCHITECTS

69 ULTRA HIGH PERFORMING WINDOWS HH Windows Seattle, WA U-value 0.12 & 0.13 SHGC 0.56 South SHGC 0.25 N, E, W COPYRIGHT 2013 GBD ARCHITECTS

70 Presentation Title 10/15/14 Page 72

71 ULTRA HIGH PERFORMING WINDOWS HH WINDOWS FLUID APPLIED AIR BARRIER PROSECO R-GUARD SIGA WIGLU TAPE COPYRIGHT 2013 GBD ARCHITECTS

72 MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL PLUMBING: COPYRIGHT 2013 GBD ARCHITECTS

73 MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL PLUMBING: SYSTEM ANALYSIS HEATING( Electric(Resistance(only;( Gas((Boiler(+(Hydronic( Wood(Pellet(Boiler( ( HEATING(+(COOLING( Heat(Pumps( (Mini(Split( (

74 MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL PLUMBING: HEATING GAS BOILER COPYRIGHT 2013 GBD ARCHITECTS

75 MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL PLUMBING: HYDRONIC RADIATORS COPYRIGHT 2013 GBD ARCHITECTS

76 MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL PLUMBING: CENTRAL HEAT RECOVERY Ul1mateAir%%2000DX% COPYRIGHT 2013 GBD ARCHITECTS

77 Ul1mateAir%%2000DX% COPYRIGHT 2013 GBD ARCHITECTS

78 MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL PLUMBING: CENTRAL HEAT RECOVERY COPYRIGHT 2013 GBD ARCHITECTS

79 MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL PLUMBING: SOLAR HOT WATER ( + Photovoltaic) COPYRIGHT 2013 GBD ARCHITECTS

80 500,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000,000 50,000, ,598, ,569, ,664,411 CONV LEED GOLD LEED PLATINUM / ECO DISTRICT

81 4. Observations & Lessons Learned

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92 Means & Methods

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106 Typical floor plan at the Janey. Typical floor plan at Kiln Apartments. LESSON #1 SKIN TO VOLUME RATIO 4.9 VS 7.9 This(raHo(describes(the( amount(of(exterior( envelope(vs(amount(of( interior(volume.(( Historically,(we(have( always(thought(about( this(raho(from(a(cost(of( construchon(point(of( view.((however,(the(raho( has(a(much(larger(impact( in(a(passive(house( because(the(heat(loss( through(the(skin(is(the( dominant(driver(of( energy(use.(

107 LESSON #2 ORIENTATION AND MASSING Both(the(Janey(and(Kiln( have(ophmal(solar( orientahon( (broad(sides( of(the(building(face( north/south.( Out(of(curiosity,(we(ran( the(energy(model( rotahng(janey(90( degrees(to(assess(impact.( That(rotaHon(resulted(in( a(building(consuming( 30%(more(energy.(((That( would(be(significant(to( overcome(( cost(more(

108 1. HIGH PERFORMING WINDOWS $132,500, 103% REDUCTION, $1,290 PER 1% ENERGY 2. INSULATING GROUND FLOOR SPACES $9,137, 42.5% REDUCTION, $215 PER 1% ENERGY 3. PROVIDING HEAT RECOVERY VENTILATION $127,500, 29% REDUCTION, $4,397 PER 1% ENERGY 4. ADDING EXTERIOR WALL Note: Some strategies are givens; for example, the building couldn t perform INSULATION without a heat recovery or energy recovery ventilator. $39,902, 15% REDUCTION, $2,670 LESSON #3 MOST COST EFFECTIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES The(analysis(performed( (Janey(vs(Janey(Passive)( was(fundamentally(about( idenhfying:( ( 1. Janey(Passive( Strategies( 2. Most(cost(effecHve( strategies(based(on( $/%(energy( reduchon( 3. Most(cost(effecHve( Janey(Scheme(

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110 FIELD OBSERVATIONS Example showing the level of care required for Passive House construction in this example, underground insulation with gaps greater than ¼ were required to be spray foamed. For(a(mixedUuse( commercial(building,(the( level(of(care(and(quality( is(significantly(different( than(a( typical ( commercial(building.((to( date,(almost(all(of(the( Passive(House(buildings( in(the(nw(have(been( homes(and(many(of( those(have(been(built(by( either(the(designer(or( very(small(construchon( crews.(

111 View of concrete structural foundation showing insulation under footings. Rendering of complexity of concrete structural foundation at Kiln LESSON #4 EXCLUDE GROUND FLOOR SPACE OR SIMPLIFY FOUNDATION The(amount(of(below( grade(insulahon(at(kiln( was(very(difficult(to( install(and(expensive.((all( of(that(could(be(avoided( in(a(5(over(1(strategy.( There(are(many( advantages(of(this( approach:( ( 1. Flexibility( 2. ConstrucHon(Cost( 3. Simplified( FoundaHons(

112 SIMPLIFY LESSON CLADDING #5 AND EXTERIOR INSULATION COPYRIGHT 2013 GBD ARCHITECTS

113 SIMPLIFY LESSON CLADDING #5 AND EXTERIOR INSULATION COPYRIGHT 2013 GBD ARCHITECTS

114 LESSON #6 REDUCE EAST / WEST GLAZING View of SW corner of the Janey. East elevation party wall - 0% glazing. West Elevation looks like a lot of glazing, but there is very little 24%. The(Janey(has( significantly(more(glazing( overall(than(kiln((32%(vs( 23%).((However,(the( amount(of(glazing(on(the( east/west(is(half(of(kiln.( ( East/West(glazing(is( difficult(to(control(in(the( Summer((overheat(the( apartments)(and(doesn t( give(as(much(benefit(in( the(winter((passive(heat( source).(

115 LESSON #7 MOISTURE MANAGEMENT Some of the analysis necessary to understand moisture management at Kiln Apartments (Moisture Generation Table, On-site moisture testing of wood framing, hygrothermal model of roof system) Due(to(the(high( performing(and(very(hght( envelope(of(a(passive( house(building,( understanding(moisture( management(is(more( involved.((at(kiln,(the( team(hired(outside( experts(to(run(a(number( of(moisture(management( scenarios(to(prove( adequate(drying(of(the( building(inihally(as(well(as( over(hme.(

116 LESSON #8 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE The full building blower door test requires a complete envelope. This reduces some construction sequencing alternatives that a contractor typically has. A(passive(house(must( meet(a(stringent(air( Hghtness(standard:( <0.60(ACH(@(50(Pa( ( To(ensure(that,(a( preliminary(blower(door( test(is(typically(performed( ater(the(envelope(is( complete((air(hght),(but( before(the(insulahon(and( drywall(installahon.((as( such,(passing(this(test( becomes(crihcal(path(

117 LESSON #9 DESIGN PROCESS 1. FINDING THE RIGHT MEP SYSTEMS REQUIRES MORE EARLY ANALYSIS TO AVOID COSTLY DESIGN REVISIONS. 2. PRE-DESIGN / SCHEMATIC DESIGN IS MORE INVOLVED AS IT MUST INCLUDE ENERGY MODELING. 3. ENERGY MODELING IS MORE INVOLVED AND CRITICAL. Though(Kiln(is(certainly(an( R&D(effort(for(all( involved,(we(have(nohced( a(few(areas(that(are( different(than(gbd s( typical (design(process.( ( From(a(developer s(point( of(view,(some(of(these( items(result(in(more( design(hme(than( typical ( high(performing( standards(such(as(leed.((

118 LESSONS LEARNED 1. SKIN TO VOLUME RATIO HAS MAJOR IMPACT 2. ORIENTATION AND MASSING HAVE SIGNIFICANT IMPACT 3. HIGH PERFORMING WINDOWS - MOST BANG FOR THE BUCK 4. EXCLUDE GROUND FLOOR SPACE/ SIMPLIFY CONCRETE WORK 5. SIMPLIFY CLADDING & EXTERIOR INSULATION ATTACHMENT 6. REDUCE GLAZING ON EAST/WEST 7. MOISTURE MANAGEMENT 8. CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE IMPACTS

119 Ques1ons?% This(concludes(The(American( InsHtute(of(Architects(ConHnuing( EducaHon(Systems(Course( David%Posada% GBD(Architects(

120 GBD Architects Incorporated 1120 NW Couch St., Suite 300 Portland, OR Tel. (503)