Forest Management. Land Use: Forests. World Land Uses World Forests Tropical Forests Temperate Forests Rangelands Landownership and Land Reform
|
|
- Corey Strickland
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Forest Management What are the functions of the forest? What are the roles of the Amazon tropical rainforest? What problems exist in forest management? 11/8/ Key Concepts Multiple Uses of Forests National Wilderness Preservation System Old Growth Forest Forest Ownership U.S. Federal Agencies and Forest Management The USDA Forest Service and Natural Resource Conservation Service Sustained Yield: annual harvest = annual growth Harvest area = Area of Forestland/No. of yrs to maturity Harvest Methods : Clear Cutting; Strip Cutting; Selective Cutting; & Sheltwood Cutting Reforestation Natural Reseeding and Artificial Seeding The Monoculture Controversy Control of Forest Pests and Diseases. Integrated Pest Management Fire Control: Ground fires; Surface fires; Crown fires Efficient Utilization of Forest Products Depletion of the Tropical Rain Forests How to Save the Tropical Forests? 11/8/ Land Use: Forests World Land Uses World Forests Tropical Forests Temperate Forests Rangelands Landownership and Land Reform Forests cover about 32 percent of the earth s surface (excluding Antarctica) (about 4.1 billion ha). 11/8/ /8/ /8/ /8/2007 6
2 Multiple Uses of Forests Wood Products- U.S. lumber industry employs 1.5 M employees, over 10,000 products, $30 billion sales. In the 1980s about 50% of all the wood harvested in the U.S. was used as fuel-most of it by the forest industry in its manufacturing processes. 11/8/ /8/ Multiple Uses of Forests Raw Materials: e.g. medicine. Flood and Erosion Control Rangelands Wildlife Habitat Wilderness, Recreational, and Scientific Areas The Wilderness Act of 1964 established the National Wilderness Preservation System to preserve primitive areas in their natural state. 11/8/ /8/ A wilderness, is hereby recognized as an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by humans, where humans themselves are visitors who do not remain. Access to an NWPS area can be made only by trail or canoe. Controversy regarding the designation of the remaining 27 million roadless hectares of national forest into NWPS. Access to the Old Growth Forest of the Northwest. Old Growth Forest: Forests with chronologically old large trees, wide spacing, multiple canopy layers, near zero net productivity, and high resistance to insects and diseases, etc. 11/8/ /8/
3 Source of Fuel Wood burning and greenhouse gases CO2, NO2. Carbon storage (sink) Annually the world s forests absorb and release about 4 gigatons (10 9 ) of carbon through net photosynthesis and respiration. The total amount of carbon stored in the world s forests is about 765 gigatons, of which about 60 percent is in tropical forests. Harvard Forest 11/8/ /8/ Residue Measurement Harvard Forest 11/8/ /8/ Net Productivity Measurement 11/8/ The net absorption of carbon by forests is much smaller, more carbon is lost by burning than is stored by net photosynthesis. The Southern California s wildfire of October 19-26, 2007 emitted 8.7 million tons of CO2, the same amount as the state s power plants and vehicles did. That s more than the State of Vermont produces in a year. Wildfires produces approximately 322 million tons of CO2 each year in the U.S., about 5% of the CO2 emission from burning fossil fuels. (Borenstein, S Wildfires Spew Tons of Carbon Dioxide. Associated Press. Nov.4.) 11/8/
4 Forest Ownership About 29% of the total land of the U.S. is forest area, of which 2/3 is classified as commercial timberland - of high quality to be used by the timber industry. U.S. Forest Ownership Ownership % Private Owners 58 Forest Industry 14 National Forest System 18 National Park Service 10 Total 100 (262 million ha) 11/8/ /8/ Federal Agencies in Forest Management The USDA Forest Service Natural Resource Conservation Service The Tennessee Valley Authority The U.S. Department of Interior The Fish and Wildlife Service The Responsibilities of the Forest Service: Management of Forest Resources Research and Development Coordination 11/8/ /8/ Harvest Methods Sustained Yield: annual harvest = annual growth Harvest area = Area of Forestland/No. of yrs to maturity 11/8/ Clear Cutting: used on even-aged stands composed of one or two species and is applicable only to trees whose seedlings thrive in full sunlight. e.g. Douglas fir. Its seeds don t germinate in the shade of the forest floor. The species is not suitable to selective cutting. Rotational Cycle: saw timber for 100 yrs, pulpwood for 30 yrs. 11/8/
5 Strip Cutting: removing narrow strips of forest (80 m wide) to reduce the soil erosion, and used in southern pines. Selective Cutting: used in timber stands composed of unevenly aged trees or in mixed stands composed of valuable timber species and in part of commercially unattractive species. e.g. maple, beech, and hemlock whose seedlings can germinate in the shade of the forest floor. More expensive and time consuming. Rotational cycle: 10 yrs. 11/8/ /8/ Shelterwood Cutting: a several-stage harvest technique. 1) removing trees of poor quality from the forest floor and the stand; 2) harvest mature trees. Applicable to small plots with relatively homogeneous tree species. Costly and time consuming. Reforestation In the U.S., about 1 M hectares of forest land is reforested each year. Natural Reseeding: wind, birds, rodents, water. Artificial Seeding: vulnerable to drought, flooding, frost, birds, and rodents. 11/8/ /8/ Planting The Monoculture Controversy Monoculture: growing a single species stand of trees. Pros: efficient, maximum use of technology, and costeffective. Cons: imbalanced ecosystem, use of chemicals, pollution, more vulnerable to fire. Genetic Engineering: breed pest, disease, and drought and cold resistant tree species. Tissue Culture: planting shoots, roots, and leaf buds of trees Efficient Utilization of Forest Products: fully use of the wood products, e.g. plywood, pulpwood, etc. 11/8/ /8/
6 Control of Forest Pests Diseases: causes 45% of the total saw-timber destruction. e.g. heart-rot fungus is responsible for 33% of the total forest damage. Insects: causes 20% of all timber destruction. Spread of emerald ash borer in Michigan. It has claimed 8 million ash trees in Michigan so far and will probably spread through the Upper Peninsula, where it was first discovered in Sept The ash borer spreads through movement of infested trees or in logs and firewood. The beetles fly well and deposit eggs within a quarter mile from where they emerge ( Emerald Ash Borer Larva Split Bark Over Emerald Ash Borer Larval Gallery 11/8/ Adult Emerald Ash Borer accessed 9/21/ /8/ Integrated Pest Management: integration of biological control, harvesting methods, and chemical application in controlling pests. All counties in Michigan's lower peninsula not under quarantine are considered regulated areas and are subject to Section V, Conditions of Movement of Regulated Articles, under the EAB 11/8/2007 Quarantine. accessed 9/21/ /8/ Fire Control In 2000, the Cerro Grande fire in New Mexico, driven by winds of up to 50 m.p.h., burned out of A forest fire starts somewhere every 3 minutes in control over an area of nearly 50,000 acres, the U.S. 10 % of the nation s forest fires are caused by lighting. The rest by people. forcing evacuation of some 18,000 people and the closure of the Los Alamos national Forest fires from San Fernando Valley in suburbs northwest of Los Angles to Ensenada, Mexico, Laboratory. about 60 miles south of the border, and in San In 2002, the Hayman fire burned nearly 138,000 Diego County Oct. 25 to Nov. 3, The fires forested acres near Denver. were the most destructive and deadly wildfires in the history of California. At least 1137 homes had The Rodeo-Chediski fire, not far from Flagstaff, been destroyed in California, and 17 people were blazed for weeks across 466,000 acres. killed by the fires. The total forest lands burned The 2002 was the 3 rd worst fire year on record were over 512,000 acres (about 800 square miles). (after 1988 and 2000) with nearly 7 million acres A state of emergency was declared in Los Angeles, San Bernardino, San Diego and Ventura counties burned, 21 fire fighters dead, and 2,000 (Kalamazoo Gazette, Oct. 28, 2003). A number of structures destroyed (Time summer 2003). fires were believed started by arsonists. 11/8/ /8/
7 Southern California Fires The fires have destroyed about 1,500 homes since Sunday, Oct.21, and led to the largest evacuation in California history. The flames have burned at least 431,000 acres across five counties, from Ventura in the north all the way into Mexico. Property damage has reached at least $1 billion in San Diego County alone, and Bush has signed a major disaster declaration for California. The fires are the first natural disaster on the scale of Hurricane Katrina to occur since that storm in 2005, and the White House is determined to convey a picture of a speedy and effective response. Accessed Nov.8, bush-calif-fires_N.htm, accessed 11/8/ Nov.8, accessed Nov.8, /8/ Forest fires: a natural and important part of forest ecosystems. Prevent high-fuel buildup; Release nutrients; Destroy diseases and pests; Remove old stand. 11/8/ Factors Related to Wild Fires Wind speed Topography Air temperature Humidity Fuel load variations in fuel load create the equivalent of speed bumps in the landscape that serve to slow fire down. One method thinning and controlled burns. 11/8/ /8/ /8/
8 Ground fires: within the organic matter and litter of the soil. Little or no effect. Surface fires: on the ground surface. Little effect on vegetation of the forest. Crown fires: burn treetops and low vegetation. Most destructive. Use of infrared systems in monitoring forest fires. Controlled burn is used to improve the quality of timber, forage, and habitat. 11/8/ /8/ Mountain Mitchell 11/8/ /8/ Mountain Mitchell Depletion of the Tropical Rain Forests More than 45 percent of the world s tropical rainforests have been cleared, and the rate continues at 0.8 percent annually 11/8/ /8/
9 11/8/ /8/ /8/ /8/ Desertification The UN Convention to Combat Desertification defines desertification as the degradation of land in arid, semiarid and dry sub-humid areas. Desertification occurs in arid, semi-arid and sub-humid areas - where the soils are especially fragile, vegetation is sparse and the climate particularly unforgiving. These areas are inhabited by one fifth of the world s population. Source: 9 th World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought (June 17, 2003) 11/8/ /8/
10 1/3 of the earth s land surface (4 billion hectares) is threatened by desertification over 250 million people are directly affected by desertification. 24 billion tons of fertile soil disappear annually. From 1991 to 2000 alone, droughts have been responsible for over 280,000 deaths; they accounted for 11% of the total waterrelated disasters. UNESCO World Map of Aridity 11/8/ /8/ /8/ /8/ Causes of Forest Depletion Export agriculture to earn foreign currency for technology e.g. beef, sugar, rubber, cocoa, and coffee Fuel wood Industrial logging for international and local market 11/8/ /8/
11 Causes of desertification Climatic variations Human activities: Overgrazing Overcropping, Deforestation Poor irrigation practices, e.g. drying up rivers and lakes such as the Aral Sea Impacts of desertification Environmental impacts: flood prone, silting of waterbodies, rising salt level in soil, deteriorating water quality Economic impacts: An annual loss of $42 billion worldwide Poverty and mass migration: Some 60 million are expected to move from Sub-Saharan to Northern African and Europe between /8/ /8/ Effects of Forest Depletion Effects: firewood scarcity Loss of gene pools Extinction of species Climate change 11/8/ How to Save the Tropical Forests? The Amazon rainforest covers about 7 million km 2, which is roughly equivalent to 90 percent of the contiguous U.S. In Brazil alone, about 4.9 million km2 of area is in Amazon rainforest. 11/8/ The Brazilian government announced that based on an almost complete evaluation of satellite imagery of the Amazon rainforest, an estimated 23,750 square km were deforested from September 2002 to August 2003, compared to 23,266 sq. km the year before (Financial Times Apr. 8, 2004, p.2). Some 640,000 sq km of Amazon rainforest have been destroyed, an area nearly the size of Germany and Poland. Farming, cattle ranching, population growth, and illegal logging by timber companies, settlement by impoverished peasants are the main factors for the deforestation. 11/8/ The Amazonian Pact: Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela and Colombia. The Treaty of Amazonian Cooperation calls for establishing a balance between economic growth and environmental conservation to achieve both ecological equilibrium and the preservation of species. Brazil government has decided to establish the world s largest forest reserve. 11/8/
12 U.S. cleared much of its old growth forest for economic development since about Will the tropical countries be entitled to economic development through deforestation as well? Review Questions What are the functions of the tropical rainforests? In the U.S., who owns most of forests? Private or public owners? What are the types of harvest methods? What should be the sustained yield of forest harvest? What is the most destructive agent of forest? Which type of forest fire is most destructive? What is the IPM? NWPS? Who are the leading federal agencies for forest management? What are the main causes of forest depletion? What are the causes of desertification? What can be done domestically and internationally to protect the tropical rainforests? 11/8/ /8/ Wall Street Journal Story of Sept.26, Home Depot and Forest Stewardship Council joined together to cut logging abuse. FSC Standard: harvest of forests must not threaten the health of forests, animals, and plants. Not to pollute rivers by applying too much chemicals, and to recognize the rights of workers and indigenous peoples. 11/8/ Lowe s Inc., Wickes Inc., Andersen Corp, signed on to sell FSC certified wood products. Many European companies also signed on. In the U.S., most of the largest timber companies have created the rival Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI), which covers about 60 million acres of North American timberland. 11/8/ /8/
Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: Saving Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services
LIVING IN THE ENVIRONMENT, 18e G. TYLER MILLER SCOTT E. SPOOLMAN 10 Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: Saving Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services Core Case Study: Costa Rica A Global Conservation Leader
More informationChapter 30. Conserving Earth s Biodiversity
Chapter 30 Conserving Earth s Biodiversity Chapter 30 At a Glance What Is Conservation Biology? Why Is Biodiversity Important? Is Earth s Biodiversity Diminishing? What Are the Major Threats to Biodiversity?
More informationRainforests and Tropical Diversity. Gaby Orihuela Visitor Experience Manager
Rainforests and Tropical Diversity Gaby Orihuela Visitor Experience Manager Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Objective IV: Education and awareness about plant diversity, its role in sustainable livelihoods
More informationOTBA. THEME: Forests - Friends for Life
OTBA THEME: Forests - Friends for Life The forest is a complex ecosystem consisting mainly of trees that have formed a buffer for the earth to protect life forms. The trees which make up the main area
More information2/24/2009. The factors that determine what type of forest will grow in a region are temperature precipitation growing season soil land forms
FOREST FACTS Forestry 37% of Canada's land area covered by forests. Stretches in a continuous band from BC to NL. Commercial forests are forests that could be easily be harvested for timber. Non-commercial
More informationForensic Forestry Reading the Land
Principles of Forest Ecology and Management or Forensic Forestry Reading the Land Jonathan Kays University of Maryland Extension Where Do We Start? Think Like A Plant Act Like A Plant Thinking and Acting
More informationBy Gerald Urquhart, Walter Chomentowski, David Skole, and Chris Barber
By Gerald Urquhart, Walter Chomentowski, David Skole, and Chris Barber The clearing of tropical forests across the Earth has been occurring on a large scale basis for many centuries. This process, known
More informationState of resources reporting
Ministry of Natural Resources State of resources reporting October 2010 The State of Forest Carbon in Ontario Ontario s managed forests have the potential to remove carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, from
More informationSection 6.1: A Changing Landscape. Name: Block: Date:
Section 6.1: A Changing Landscape Name: Block: Date: 1. Our daily activities impact the quality of Earth s natural resources:,, a. These activities are:,, 2. The Effect of Human Activity :Agriculture a.
More informationUnit A: Introduction to Forestry. Lesson 3: Recognizing the Importance of Forests
Unit A: Introduction to Forestry Lesson 3: Recognizing the Importance of Forests 1 Terms Forest Forest canopy Piling Pulpwood Timberland Total forest land Urban forestry Veneer Reserved forest land 2 What
More informationSection Objectives: Explain biodiversity and its importance. Relate various threats to the loss of biodiversity.
Section Objectives: Explain biodiversity and its importance. Relate various threats to the loss of biodiversity. Biological Diversity Biodiversity refers to the variety of species in a specific area. The
More informationFoundation Course. Semester 3 THREATS TO THE ENVIRONMENT
Foundation Course Semester 3 THREATS TO THE ENVIRONMENT INTRODUCTION Atmosphere, water and soil are the most important components of environment in which we live. Atmospheric factors like rainfall, humidity,
More informationLow-intensity fire burning on the forest floor. High-intensity crown fire
Forest Fires: Answers to 12 Common Questions 1. Is wildfire bad for forests? No. Some forests need fire to be healthy, but it has to be the type of fire that the forest evolved with. Low-intensity fire
More informationThere are 900 million (900,000,000) vehicles on the planet. 2) 80% of the Earth's mineral wealth is consumed by what percentage of the population?
1) How many vehicles are there on the planet today? HOME Worksheet Part II There are 900 million (900,000,000) vehicles on the planet. 2) 80% of the Earth's mineral wealth is consumed by what percentage
More informationDraw disruptive, stabilizing, and directional selection on the board. Explain disruptive selection using an example. What effects speciation most?
Draw disruptive, stabilizing, and directional selection on the board. disruptive selection using an Disruptive selection is when the average physical characteristic of a population is not beneficial. Example:
More informationForest Biomes. Chapter 9
Forest Biomes Chapter 9 9.1 Objectives ~Describe the characteristics of the coniferous forest. ~Explain adaptations that enable organisms to survive in coniferous forests. 9.1 Coniferous Forests Coniferous
More informationUnderstanding tropical deforestation
Understanding tropical deforestation By NASA on 03.13.17 Word Count 2,411 Two logging trucks on the Kalabakan-Sapulot-Road take heavy tropical timber logs to the log pond in Kalabakan, Indonesia. NASA
More informationThe Social and Economic Importance of Canada s Privately Owned Forest Lands
The Social and Economic Importance of Canada s Privately Owned Forest Lands Key Points n Private forests make up 6% of Canada s 402 million ha of forested land and 13% of the managed forest. n Private
More informationWORKSHEET GEOGRAPHY CLASS-12 Forest resources and Impact of population
WORKSHEET GEOGRAPHY CLASS-12 Forest resources and Impact of population NAME: DATE: Losses of biomass through deforestation and the cutting down of tropical forests put our supply of oxygen (O2) gas at
More information5/12/15. We depend on environment for. Food Water Air Shelter Fuel, etc. Environmental science the study of the impact of humans on the environment
List examples of chemical pollution from industry, agriculture, or everyday use. What are some possible effects that these pollutants can have on the environment? Doerfler Biology I How are humans and
More informationDegradation of of Forest Ecosystems
Degradation of Forest Ecosystems NREM 612 Dr. Bruland I. Definitions: >250, forester, geographer, legal, etc. A. What constitutes a forest? 1. Sometimes clear boundaries bet. forest & non-forest, otherwise
More informationWhy Deforestation? I recently took a weekend trip across the Caribbean Sea to visit a friend in Honduras. On
Tori Wong ECON-305 Final Paper Economic Impacts of Deforestation Why Deforestation? I recently took a weekend trip across the Caribbean Sea to visit a friend in Honduras. On the trip over, I was talking
More informationGrade 7 Practice Test for State Geography CRT 2007
Grade 7 Practice Test for State Geography CRT 2007 PASS 1.2 Sample Test Items: Depth of Knowledge: 2 Correct Answer: C Compared to the rest of Australia, the climate of Tasmania is A warmer. B drier. C
More informationChapter 12: Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Chapter 12: Effects of Agriculture on the Environment How Agriculture Changes the Environment Major environmental problems Soil erosion Sediment transport and deposition downstream On-site pollution from
More informationEmerald Ash Borer in Manitoba
Content taken from Manitoba Government website: http://www.gov.mb.ca/conservation/forestry/health/eab_2014.html Emerald Ash Borer in Manitoba Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, is a highly destructive
More informationWhat is Emerald Ash Borer?
1 What is Emerald Ash Borer? Scientific Name: Order: Family Coleoptera: Buprestidae metallic wood boring beetle Species Agrilus planipennis Emerald Ash Borer EAB is a Wood Boring Beetle: - It spends a
More informationManaging for a healthy sugarbush in a changing climate
Managing for a healthy sugarbush in a changing climate Vermont Maple Conference, Peoples Academy, Morrisville, VT January 28, 2017 Jared Nunery & Nancy Patch County Foresters Vermont Dept. of Forests,
More informationWho cares? You do! In India, one child dies every minute from severe acute malnutrition.
Soil & Agriculture Who cares? You do! In India, one child dies every minute from severe acute malnutrition. Case Study: The Dust Bowl In the dirty thirties a large area of cropland was abandoned due to
More informationAmazonia from A to Z. Picture book created using Amazonia: A World Resource at Risk map, GRMC, Ball State University Libraries
Amazonia from A to Z Picture book created using Amazonia: A World Resource at Risk map, GRMC, Ball State University Libraries is for the Amazon Basin, or Amazonia. This basin houses an endangered gigantic
More informationBattle for the Biosphere
Battle for the Biosphere Biome: A large community of plants and animals that occupies a distinct region e.g. the Tropical rainforest. Biosphere: The parts of the land, sea and atmosphere where organisms
More informationClimate Change Frequently Asked Questions Scrambled Information Source: EPA Climate Change FAQ
Climate Change Frequently Asked Questions Scrambled Information Source: EPA Climate Change FAQ Instructions: The questions and answers below have been scrambled. Cut the answers and questions apart. Separate
More informationEnvironmental science: An interdisciplinary area of study that includes both applied and theoretical aspects of human impact on the world.
Chapter 1: Environmental Interrelationships THE NATURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Environmental science: An interdisciplinary area of study that includes both applied and theoretical aspects of human impact
More informationGlobal Ocean and Atmosphere Temperature Trends Compared
Warmer Oceans result in coral bleaching and the death of coral reefs support more powerful hurricanes 32 Global Ocean and Atmosphere Temperature Trends Compared 33 Warmer Oceans and Coral Bleaching 1997-1998
More informationCarbonic Imbalance in the atmosphere main cause of the Global Warming and Climate Change
*K.Iskandarova, **M.Karabayev *National Center for Biotechnology, Kazakhstan **International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center CIMMYT, KazAgroInnovation JSC of the Ministry of Agriculture of Kazakhstan
More information(a) The area of forest lost each year in Madagascar increased between 2009 and 2012.
Q1.The graph below shows the area of forest lost in Madagascar from 2009 to 2012. (a) The area of forest lost each year in Madagascar increased between 2009 and 2012. Determine the total area of forest
More informationTHE INTRODUCTION THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
THE INTRODUCTION The earth is surrounded by atmosphere composed of many gases. The sun s rays penetrate through the atmosphere to the earth s surface. Gases in the atmosphere trap heat that would otherwise
More informationChapter Biodiversity
Chapter 6 6.3 Biodiversity Key Questions: 1) Why is biodiversity important? 2) What are the most significant threats to biodiversity? 3) How do we preserve biodiversity? Types of Biodiversity Biological
More informationCATEGORICAL EXCLUSION WORKSHEET: RESOURCE CONSIDERATIONS
CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION WORKSHEET: RESOURCE CONSIDERATIONS Developed Recreation/Trails, Wilderness & Roadless Jasper Mountain Priest Lake Ranger District Idaho Panhandle National Forest Description of the
More informationRock/ soil type and altitude differences.
How does climate affect an ecosystem? The Earth s climate depends on energy from the sun. It affects growing conditions for vegetation and affects the location and characteristics of large scale eco-systems.
More informationOUR FORESTS, OUR LIFE
OUR FORESTS, OUR LIFE Asia/Pacific Cultural Centre for UNESCO (ACCU) LET'S GO INTO A FOREST! A forest gives us a lot of benefits and happiness in our daily lives. I want to know more about the forest.
More informationSoil Degradation. Lesson Plan NRES B2-9
Soil Degradation Lesson Plan NRES B2-9 Objectives 1. What is soil degradation? 2. How can construction result in soil degradation? 3. What are the sources of contamination, and how do they result in soil
More informationBiodiversity. Biodiversity. Biodiversity - Ecosystem Services. Biodiversity- Medicinal Value. Extinction 11/11/16. Ecology (BIOL 250)
Ecology (BIOL 250) Lecture 23: Species Loss and Conservation Biodiversity Today s Outline Biodiversity Extinction Human Causes Conservation Biology Endangered Species act Announcements Number and variety
More informationAG. 350 FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT
AG. 350 FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT COURSE DESCRIPTION: A course designed to examine the importance of forestry, wildlife, and outdoor recreation with emphasis on efficient use of natural resources.
More informationAcid deposition accumulation of potential acid-forming particles on a surface acids can result from natural causes
1 Air Quality Issues: Part 2 - Acid Deposition, Greenhouse Gases EVPP 111 Lecture Dr. Largen 2 Air Quality Issues Air Pollution Indoor Air Pollution Acid Deposition Greenhouse Gases & Global Warming 3
More informationClimate Change Specialist Report final
United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Rocky Mountain Region Climate Change Specialist Report final La Garita Hills Restoration Submitted by: Trey Schillie R2 Climate Change Coordinator
More informationRecursos alimentares e impactes ambientais da agricultura no ambiente. Natural Capital. Page 276. Food crops. Food crops. Fiber crops.
Recursos alimentares e impactes ambientais da agricultura no ambiente Ecological Services Ecological Services Natural Capital Figure Croplands 14-3 Page 276 Croplands Economic Services Economic Services
More informationThe Water-Climate Nexus and Food Security in the Americas. Michael Clegg University of California, Irvine
The Water-Climate Nexus and Food Security in the Americas Michael Clegg University of California, Irvine The Global Challenge Global population is projected to increase by about 30% between now and 2050
More informationAdapting to Climate Change in the Northeast: Experiences from the Field. Climate Projections for Forests: A Quick Summary
Adapting to Climate Change in the Northeast: Experiences from the Field NE SAF Annual Meeting, Nashua, NH 26 March 2014 Small Urban Mid coast Maine Large industrial Irving Woodlands Small woodlot Allen
More informationAdapting to Climate Change in the Northeast: Experiences from the Field
Adapting to Climate Change in the Northeast: Experiences from the Field NE SAF Annual Meeting, Nashua, NH 26 March 2014 Small Urban Mid-coast Maine Large industrial Irving Woodlands Small woodlot Allen
More informationName and define the parts of a food chain.
Define Ecosystem Name and define the parts of a food chain. Name and locate an example of a UK small ecosystem. Give examples of species that live in Epping Forest. Explain the impact the Great Storm of
More informationWildfire and the Global Carbon Cycle
Wildfire and the Global Carbon Cycle By Josh McDaniel WINTER 2008 Large fluxes of carbon into the atmosphere from wildfires can have an impact on the global carbon cycle, and with policy initiatives forming
More informationOntario Envirothon LEARNING OBJECTIVES. Ontario Envirothon Learning Objectives
Ontario Envirothon LEARNING OBJECTIVES Updated Fall 2015 5 Contents Contents... 6 Overall Objectives... 7 Aquatic Ecology... 8 Specific Objectives... 8 Overall Objectives... 8 Application/Analysis... 9
More information*Endangered Species project due Wednesday December 11th (not the 9th)
*Endangered Species project due Wednesday December 11th (not the 9th) *If you scored below 30 on the multiple choice section for the Unit 3 test, you should come in during 7th and figure out why you are
More informationThe Northeastern region of Brazil, which is also home to the Amazon Basin, is the area that is least suitable
Victoria Ewing Central Decatur High School Leon, IA Brazil, Factor 13: Demographics Poverty in Brazil Brazil is the largest country of South America. Brazil also has the largest population of all the countries
More informationBIOMES. Living World
BIOMES Living World Biomes Biomes are large regions of the world with distinctive climate, wildlife and vegetation. They are divided by terrestrial (land) or aquatic biomes. Terrestrial Biomes Terrestrial
More informationEmerald Ash Borer Found in New York State
Emerald Ash Borer Found in New York State Surveys and Monitoring in Cattaraugus County Area To Help Delineate Spread of Invasive Beetle New York State Agriculture Commissioner Patrick Hooker and Department
More informationLET IT BURN? ET IT BURN?
ET IT BURN? 1 Only you can prevent wildfires is Smokey Bear s message. This highly recognizable character has been campaigning against forest fires since 1944. Preventing unexpected wildfires is important
More informationClimate Change and Agriculture Adaptation and Mitigation
بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم Climate Change and Agriculture Adaptation and Mitigation Traditional agriculture rain fed sector as a case study in Sudan Dr. Salaheldien Sharief Tambel Sudan UNCCD Focal Point Preface
More informationEmerald Ash Borer Action Plan City of Overland Park, Kansas
Emerald Ash Borer Action Plan City of Overland Park, Kansas City of Overland Park Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) Action Plan Page 1 Purpose It is the intent of this action plan to guide the City of Overland Park
More informationUnderstanding the role of biochar in site restoration and carbon sequestration
Understanding the role of biochar in site restoration and carbon sequestration Deborah S. Page-Dumroese USDA Forest Service-Rocky Mountain Research Station ddumroese@fs.fed.us Overview Dead trees and slash
More informationUS Land Use. 55% of land in US is privately owned Remaining land is owned by the government
Unit VI Land Use Land Breakdown US Land Use 55% of land in US is privately owned Remaining land is owned by the government Land Use Wilderness Parks and Wildlife Refuges Wilderness Wilderness Act (1964)
More informationBiodiversity and the Ecosystem (Lexile 910L)
iodiversity and the Ecosystem (Lexile 910L) 1 Where is your special habitat? You, like a bird, a lizard, or even an ant, need a healthy habitat to survive. habitat is the place where an animal or plant
More informationForest Families. Objectives: To collect FOREST FAMILIES sets. The player with the most number of sets is the winner. Rules
Families DIRECTIONS & RULES Objectives: To collect FOREST FAMILIES sets. The player with the most number of sets is the winner. Rules 1. The dealer shuffles the cards then passes them all out, face down,
More informationForest Resources of the Black Hills National Forest
United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station August 22 Forest Resources of the Black Hills National Forest Larry T. DeBlander About the author Larry T. DeBlander
More informationErrata to Activity: The Impact of Climate Change on the Mountain Pine Beetle and Westerns Forests
Errata to Activity: The Impact of Climate Change on the Mountain Pine Beetle and Westerns Forests Under Internet Resources Needed Fifth bullet, correct URL is: http://www.barkbeetles.org/mountain/fidl2.htm
More informationImporting plants. plant products:
Importing plants and plant products: what you need to know 2012 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada (Canadian Food Inspection Agency), all rights reserved. Use without permission is prohibited. CFIA
More informationTexas forests are. one of our state s most valuable natural resources, with unlimited environmental and economic potential for future generations.
Texas forests are one of our state s most valuable natural resources, with unlimited environmental and economic potential for future generations. James B. Hull, State Forester and Director, Texas Forest
More informationChapter 7 Livestock Grazing and Rangeland Issues
Chapter 7 Livestock Grazing and Rangeland Issues Chapter 7 Livestock Grazing and Rangeland Issues Learning Objectives: 1) To discuss contentious issues involving livestock grazing on arid and semiarid
More informationUnit A: Introduction to Forestry. Lesson 2:Understanding Forest Ecology
Unit A: Introduction to Forestry Lesson 2:Understanding Forest Ecology 1 Terms Bole Ecology Ecosystem Forest ecology Hardening-off Hardiness Material cycle Mycorrhizae Overstory Photoperiod Stratification
More informationNancy L. Young, Forester USAID/USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service
Forest Management Nancy L. Young, Forester USAID/USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Material translated by: Mohammadullah Karimi, Training & Liaison Officer Afghan Conservation Corps Managing
More informationForest and climate change
Forest and climate change Seppo Kellomäki University of Eastern Finland School of Forest Sciences Joensuu Campus Finland 1 Contents Forests in the world Global climate change and impacts on forests Climate
More informationAmazon. By Josh, Sydney,Kelliann,Courtney,Katelyn, Kristen
Amazon By Josh, Sydney,Kelliann,Courtney,Katelyn, Kristen Introduction -The Amazon is the world's greatest rainforest covering 2/3 of South America. -It is home to 200,000 indigenous people - Is the worlds
More information15 Conservation of an Island Biodiversity Hotspot Th e g o v e r n m e n t o f Kapikua wants to expand biodiversity conservation efforts
15 Conservation of an Island Biodiversity Hotspot Th e g o v e r n m e n t o f Kapikua wants to expand biodiversity conservation efforts on the island. The government has two goals: 1) to protect the overall
More informationDeforestation and its disastrous consequences for climate change and food security
Deforestation and its disastrous consequences for climate change and food security Shiva S. Makki* This note prepared for posting on Youthink website [ http://youthink ]. The World Bank maintains this
More informationBiodiversity and Conservation
Chapter Test A CHAPTER 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Part A: Multiple Choice In the space at the left, write the letter of the phrase or sentence that best answers each question. Part B: Matching 1.
More informationPros and Cons of Salvage and Restoration Operations
Pros and Cons of Salvage and Restoration Operations February 10, 2010 John Sessions College of Forestry Oregon State University Oregon Society of American Foresters Position Statement (2008) The OSAF supports
More informationAppendix 1: Forest Carbon Emission Offset Project Development Guidance
The Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (FLNRO) supports the use of forest carbon management options that satisfy the diverse values that British Columbians seek from their forests.
More informationPeatland degradation fuels climate change
Peatland degradation fuels climate change Peatland degradation fuels climate change An unrecognised and alarming source of greenhouse gases November 2006. Government representatives from almost all countries
More informationENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Advanced Placement ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Agriculture + Pesticides Student 2014 Agriculture and Pesticides Food Production At present 11% of the world s land is being used to produce crops. This represents
More informationSection 4 The Air We Breathe
Section 4 The Air We Breathe Key Concept Air is an important natural resource that is affected by human activities. What You Will Learn Air pollution is caused by human activities, such as burning fossil
More informationEnvironmental Issues in Canada
Environmental Issues in Canada Learning Target (B.8.10d.Env.Issues.CAN): Identify and describe a minimum of 3 environmental concerns the United States and Canada share regarding acid rain, pollution of
More informationProfessor and Director. University of Dar Es Salaam,
Climate Change Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation in the Southern African Region Pius Z. Yanda Professor and Director Institute of Resource Assessment University of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania Presentation
More informationNewest information and knowledge about the world s forests and forestry
Key findings Newest information and knowledge about the world s forests and forestry FAO, in cooperation with its member countries, has monitored the world's forests at 5 to 1 year intervals since 1946.
More informationRecognizing the Importance of Forests
Lesson B1 3 Recognizing the Importance of Forests Unit B. Plant Wildlife Management Problem Area 1. Introduction to Forestry Lesson 3. Recognizing the Importance of Forests New Mexico Content Standard:
More informationSTAAR Science Tutorial 55 TEK 8.11D: Human Dependence on Ocean Systems
Name: Teacher: Pd. Date: STAAR Science Tutorial 55 TEK 8.11D: Human Dependence on Ocean Systems TEK 8.11D: Recognize human dependence on ocean systems and explain how human activities such as runoff, artificial
More informationS USTAINABLE FORESTRY INITIATIVE SM PROGRAM
S USTAINABLE FORESTRY INITIATIVE SM PROGRAM REFORESTATION: GROWING TOMORROW S FORESTS TODAY SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY IS A GOAL OF THE AMERICAN FOREST & PAPER ASSOCIATION Guided by the Sustainable Forestry
More informationMediterranean Landscape Dynamics Project (Medland)
Mediterranean Landscape Dynamics Project (Medland) K-12 Education Outreach Group What are some ways people change landscapes? How has the Phoenix landscape changed? 1912 2003 1912 2000 Add Water Bring
More informationHUMA N IMPA C T O N BIO MES A RO UN D THE W O RLD
HUMA N IMPA C T O N BIO MES A RO UN D THE W O RLD HOMEWORK DIRECTIONS (due Wed/Thurs): For EACH of these biomes (yes, go through all), look for evidence of HIPPCO in the article (these are the main ways
More informationKimberly Knuth Sioux City North High School Sioux City, IA Chad, Factor 6: Sustainable Agriculture. Chad: Agricultural Sustainability
Kimberly Knuth Sioux City North High School Sioux City, IA Chad, Factor 6: Sustainable Agriculture Chad: Agricultural Sustainability Some 805 million people in the world do not have enough food to lead
More informationTrees are Terrific and forests are too!! Arbor Day Poster Contest Sponsored by Keep Allen Beautiful
Trees are Terrific and forests are too!! Arbor Day Poster Contest Sponsored by Keep Allen Beautiful Who May Enter? Who may enter the contest? 4 th & 5 th graders enrolled in the AISD How does the contest
More informationFORESTRY TALK: A GLOSSARY OF COMMON TERMS
FORESTRY TALK: A GLOSSARY OF COMMON TERMS If you re planning to harvest trees in your woodlot or to establish a forest on your property, you may need to communicate with foresters and logging contractors
More informationAcres within Planning Area. Total Acres Burned
Calf-Copeland Project Description Figure 1: Dead sugar pine in the Calf-Copeland planning area. Sugar pine grow best in open conditions. In the absence of fire disturbance, high densities of Douglas-fir
More informationMANITOBA ENVIROTHON WATER AND AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
MANITOBA ENVIROTHON WATER AND AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS Outcome Water and Aquatic Ecosystems as Resources Properties of Water, Water Bodies and Watersheds, and Aquatic Species Identification A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6
More informationThe logging era in Michigan and its environmental effects. Image: www. Centria.worldpress.com)
The logging era in Michigan and its environmental effects Image: www. Centria.worldpress.com) Review of pre-settlement forests Before European settlement... Last of the ice retreated from our area roughly
More informationPlantation Forestry: A Global Look
Plantation Forestry: A Global Look Forest Area: 3,952,025,000 ha Woodland Area: 1,375,829,000 ha Annual World Wood Removal + + 620,138,943 m 3 wood (USDA 2008) 620,138,943 m 3 wood (USDA 2008) 620,138,943
More informationCambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education * 4 0 9 5 0 7 6 1 2 0 * GEOGRAPHY 0460/12 Paper 1 May/June 2015 Candidates answer on the Question
More informationSNC1D BIOLOGY 8/7/2014. SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEMS L Benefits of Natural Ecosystems (P.~) Activity: Benefits of Natural Ecosystems
SNC1D BIOLOGY SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEMS L Benefits of Natural Ecosystems (P.~) Activity: Benefits of Natural Ecosystems ISSUE Recreational activities and an opportunity to appreciate the beauty of nature
More informationChapter 10. Latin America Today
Chapter 10 Latin America Today Chapter Objectives Discuss aspects of the Latin American economy and how geography affects transportation and communications. Explain how Latin America s forest resources
More informationThe Connection Between Selective Logging and Deforestation. within the Amazonian Rainforest
Hart 1 The Connection Between Selective Logging and Deforestation within the Amazonian Rainforest Jessyca Hart Stockton University Spring 2015 Hart 2 Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Selective Logging...
More information