Pervaiz Amir, PhD Regional Expert GWP/ Director PWP

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1 Pervaiz Amir, PhD Regional Expert GWP/ Director PWP

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4 Storey Line Pakistan a growing economy with major challenges of energy, water security and rural to urban migration Faces time and spatial water scarcity-dependence on single river trans-boundary issue-ibt, 1960 now climate challenge Water substitution only possible from agriculture Government keen to develop water-the UN one challenge post 2015-water refugees Policy Response and direction Investment opportunities in Urban Water provision and water storage for use and energy

5 What to expect Pakistan challenges in economic development Population growth, rural urban migration and pressure on water Its water resources Implications of urbanization Strategy Policy Responses Closing Remarks

6 Population Growth Challenges million million Growth Rate 2.7%

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8 Rapid rural to urban migration 8 Pakistani cities to become mega cities in Asia Migration in response to water abundance and stress Moving out of agriculture-known response H-R model Breakdown of social services Environmental impacts Strengthening of water mafia s Political polarization and emergence of new class structures

9 Water Resources

10 Pakistan Perspective Average rainfall Pakistan is one of the world s most arid countries over 75% of it receives rainfall less than 250 mm annually and 20% of it less than 125 mm. The population and economy are heavily dependent on an annual influx into Indus River System of about MAF of water mostly derived from snow and glacier melt. *NB:- The average inflow has reduced from MAF to MAF

11 Water Availability in Pakistan Surface Water MAF MAF (WAPDA 2001) (IRSA 2014) Ground Water Total Area 39.5 Million Acres Saline 24.7 Million Acres Fresh Water 14.8 Million Acres Total Quantity Available 59 MAF Present Extraction 50 MAF Balance 9 MAF (economic limit) Secondary Salinization, Fluorides & Arsenic NB: Since 2000 the availability of water has been reduced by MAF 11

12 Percentage of total water used for Irrigation India 93% Korea 46% Pakistan 90% USA 42% China 87% Germany 20% Egypt 85% France 15% Italy 59% UK 3% Japan 50% 1. China has reduced irrigation water from 87% to 60% over the last 20 years. 2. India has reduced irrigation water from 93% to some 85% applying water conservation technologies. 12

13 Drinking Water Crisis-drought,2012

14 Surface Storages in India Total Completed Large Dams Presently under Construction Dams 4,291 Nos. 676 Nos. Total Existing Storage Capacity 323 BCM Additional Storage required by BCM Additional Dams to be constructed by the year 2050 Total Hydro Power Developed Total Potential Available 2,500 Nos. 13,000 MW 84,000 MW China has constructed 84,000 dams since 1949 out of which 24,000 are large dams. 14

15 Water Challenges Availability situation Rising demand in different sectors Agriculture water pricing Changing ground water situation Creating water security fast

16 2o1o super floods cost $10 B

17 Implications of rapid urbanization Breakdown of water and energy utilities Pollution and garbage disposal Crime Higher demand of services sector Greater exposure and risk from cc and natural disasters

18 Strategy Urban Areas ensure adequate freshwater delivery to major cities Installation of public tube wells- Quetta Reducing line losses Addressing water tanker mafia s Water Boards. Municipal water Bottled Water (extremely lucrative business Nestle main share holder) Rainwater harvesting, ponds Planning for agriculture water substitution Question of water pricing-a serious draw back

19 Messages

20 Policy Water Climate Change Energy

21 Bringing Policy Makers on Board

22 Policy Responses The Policy Response A new 5 year plan in the making, recent water summit MDG s Pakistan failed to provided safe drinking water. New goal under UN 1 to provide clean drinking water to of population and sanitation to population-new commitments in 2014 Pakistan needs to save water and ensure its sustainable usequality degradation widespread-filtration, RO Promoting less water requiring crops and changing technology mix on water use conservation-fast tracking the process

23 Sea Water development-1046 kilometers shoreline- South Pricing water right-all sorts of distortions Modeling planned out migration-youth linkages with jobs, health, education and quality of life Towards a Benefit Sharing Approach as a way forward Public Private sector opportunities- China preferred partner

24 Closing Remarks Urban Development creates tremendous opportunities for domestic and foreign investment Water purification technologies needed at three levels Waste Water recycling new area Pakistan- China corridor to open numerous marketspre-requisite, security, water, energy and new business model

25 Protecting Water Sources for long term sustainable development

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