Architecture for Climate Monitoring from Space

Transcription

1 WMO s Role in the development of an Architecture for Climate Monitoring from Space Dr. Wenjian Zhang D/OBS, WMO 5th AOMSUC, Shanghai

2 WMO OMM World Climate Conference-3: A historic event to define Global Framework for Climate Services-GFCS (31 Aug 4 Sept, 2009, Geneva)

3 WMO OMM Sixteenth WMO Congress Resolution 19 (Cg-XVI, 2011) DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARCHITECTURE FOR CLIMATE MONITORING FROM SPACE: Promotion role of WMO Considering: The underpinning role that observations will play in the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS), Decides that an architecture for climate monitoring from space should be developed, to provide a framework for the sustained & coordinated monitoring of the Earth s climate from space; Invites CEOS, CGMS, GCOS, GEO & WCRP to collaborate with the WMO Space Programme on the development

4 WMO OMM A report: Strategy Towards an Architecture for Climate Monitoring from Space CEOS-CGMS-WMO ad hoc group on Architecture for Climate Monitoring from Space, Chair: Mark Dowell The strategy presents a proposed logical architecture lead to the development of a physical architecture. Outline of the report Executive Summary and recommendations Introduction, Objectives & Targets Climate Monitoring Principles, Requirements & Guidelines State of the Art Beyond research to operations Climate Architecture definition Mechanisms for Interaction Roadmap for way forward Recommendations

5 WMO OMM WMO Role: Document broader requirements Services Requirements: The Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) Implementation Plan (WMO extraordinary Session, October 2012) adds another dimension to the requirements directly link to the user s application areas: agriculture and food security, water resources, health and disaster risk reduction Assessment Requirements: The IPCC s 4th Assessment Report (2007) underscores the urgent need for critical climate data, and an international architecture supporting them, to observe and monitor the global water cycle and the global carbon ccle cycle. Climate Modelling Requirements: Model initialisation and definition of boundary conditions Model development and validation Observing and Data Requirements Climate Observations:Essential Climate Variables (GCOS ECV Inventory) defined by Global Climate Observing System (GCOS-82, 2003), Fundamental Climate Data Record (FCDR) It is clear that the requirements extending beyond the capabilities i of one-time research missions and operational satellite systems in existence today.

6 World Requirements: Climate Conferences Global Climate Observing System Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) World Climate Conferences WCC1 (1979): WCRP(1980) IPCC (1988). SCIENCE WCC2 (1990): GCOS(1992) UNFCCC (1992). OBSERVATIONS WCC3 (2009): GFCS- Global Framework for Climate Services. SERVICES These programmes report directly to the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and there Parties are expected to support them. 2 December

7 WMO OMM Pillars of the Architecture - What

8 WMO OMM Earth Environm ent I1 An end-to-end Architecture Design for monitoring climate for both long-term trend & extreme events in real time Sensing Climate Record Creation Applications Sense Earth Environment Observations A1 Create and M aintain Short/Medium Term Climate Data Records A2 Create and Maintain Longterm Climate Data Records A3 Create and Maintain Higher-Level Climate Inform ation (e.g. C D R analysis or modelbased reanalysis) A8 In te rim C lim a te Data Records Climate Data Records ECVs Clim ate Inform ation Records Operational Climate Monitoring A4 Long-term Climate V ariability & Climate Change Analysis ayss A7 Reports Decision-Making Seasonal outlook Decision-Making Decisions (including adaptation Attribution & O1of events mitigation policy and planning) A5 Climate indices Instrument level Observation level Product level Service level

9 Inventory Statistics ECV Timelines 9 WGClimate Meeting, Geneva, February 2013

10 Road Map How & Who Define, Validate and Obtain Consensus on Overall Approach (including logicalrepresentation) Short-term (within 2 years) Describe Current and Planned Implementation Arrangements (ECV by ECV) within an Inventory Current status Medium-term (2-4 years) Use the Inventory & GFCS to Develop a Coordinated Action Plan to Address Identified Gaps/Shortfalls

11 WMO OMM Service requirements: Content, Presentation, Delivery media, Timeliness, Continuity, User support, Training,.. Product requirements: Type (numerical, graphical, binary, alert), Algorithm, Spatial/temporal resolution, Quality control Technical challenges : from user requirements into missions/instruments/observations/products/info USERS needs Services info needs USERS satisfaction ECV Products and climate extremes Observational requirements: Geophysical variable, Unit, Domain, Spatial resolution, Temporal resolution, Uncertainty Specifications: Instrument type, Orbit, Scanning mode, Spectral bands, Channel width, SNR, Observation & Monitoring Instruments Datasets Source, Format, Projection, o Segmentation, Quality flag, Compression, Metadata

12 WMO OMM WMO Global surface networks with long-term records provide validation/integration base for Space climate monitoring Longest surface T instruments measurements (>140 years) Against 30 years average ( ) Trend=017KDec Combined Linear (Combined)

13 WMO OMM Key Role of WMO in the Space Architecture Communicate and Coordinate To communicate the importance and document the requirements of the Space Architecture, as one of the key components of GFCS To enhance international collaboration to the development of an Space Architecture t for supporting global l climateservices i and facilitating ti the global l climate data & products exchange Promote the development of WIGOS Space Component by user-driven approach To promote collaborations of space agencies with user communities for realizing To promote collaborations of space agencies with user communities for realizing economic and societal benefits through climate services

14 WMO Standard Practice: Rolling Review of Requirements - to identify new observing requirements & gaps to meet new WMO OMM initiatives (GFCS, Architecture.) Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Derived variables Performances Gap Analysis on observations Statement of Guidance and Implementation Plan for observing capabilities (Actions, Recommendations) Space and ground-based capabilities Members organizations and programmes 14

15 Gaps and deficiencies identified through the GFCS IP WMO OMM Inadequate atmospheric observations, limited space and surface-based remote sensing capabilities, and the absence of operational monitoring of some important air quality, radiation, etc ; Inadequate observational coverage of important oceanographic variables (ocean currents, mass flux, ocean salinity, and sea ice parameters); Inadequate terrestrial observing networks (river discharge, ground water, lake levels, permafrost, glaciers and ice caps) and absence of designated networks for soil moisture, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction of Absorbed Photo-synthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) and above ground biomass Weather Climate Water 15

16 World Weather Watch GOS GDPFS WIGOS: A future observing framework for WMO by integrating g observing components WIGOS Programmes GAW GCW Hydro OS GCOS GOOS GEOSS Partners GTS WIS

17 Cg-16 (2011) decided to Implement WIGOS WMO INTEGRATED GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM (WIGOS) The whole is more than the sum of the parts Aristotle Need an Integrated Global Observing System to meet all requirements in a cost effective manner

18 From weather satellite to Space component of WIGOS Inclusion requirements of Weather, DRR Climate (GFCS, GAW..), Water (WHYCOS,..) Environment (GAW, Health) Co sponsored observing systems Space based WIGOS From weather satelites to WIGOS satellites CGMS new baseline with greatly enhanced global satellite constellations to meet WWW, GFCS, GAW, WHYCOS,GCW etc.. Operational requirements. Challenges to enhance greatly space and ground capabilities

19 Next-generation geostationary constellation Geo-Kompsat

20 WMO OMM Director General of the World Health Organization (WHO) Margaret Chan (L) and World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Secretary-General, Michel Jarraud (R) --Pose with the Atlas of Health And Climate,, during a press conference on the extraordinary session of World Meteorological Congress, 2012 in Geneva. --With droughts, floods and hurricanes like the one bearing down on New York affecting the health of millions of people each year, WMO and WHO health agencies presented an overview of how climate data can help protect public health.

21 WMO OMM AEROSOLS AND ASIAN POLLUTION AFFECTING THE ENTIRE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE - IGAC Optical depth of particles pollution. Much of this pollution is industrial but some is caused by fires. NASA image. Reduction in surface solar radiation absorption due to the Indo-Asian haze effects (measured January to April from ) (Ramanathan et al. 2001a) Steffen at al., 2004

22 NO 2 Global Picture (here from OMI) Tropospheric Column NO 2 (Sector Method) July 2005 Cloud screening: cloud fraction 20%

23 WMO OMM The Space Architecture will Integrate operational and R&D satellites building synergies for enhanced climate observing capabilities: Example: Geostationary pollution monitoring - health TEMPO Sentinel-4 GEMS Courtesy Jhoon Kim, Andreas Richter Spatial coverage of funded spectrometers Policy-relevant science and environmental services enabled by common observations

24 An Sentinel-4/UVN similar Instrument 1. Spectral Band range [nm] resolution [nm] sampling ratio UV Instrument Flight Model VIS NIR Spatial Sampling: 8 km at 45 N 3. Coverage: Europe + part of Sahara 4. Repeat Cycle: 1 hour 5. Low sensitivity to polarisation (1%) 6. Low Key Parameter level of spectral Estimated features Value (0.05%) 7. High Mass radiometric accuracy: 200 kg 3% (2%, goal) 8. System Power (Obs.) 180 W (average) Data Rate 29 Mbps (average) EUMETSAT Meteorological Satellites Conference, Geneva, CH, Sept slide 24 Im mage: Airbus Defenc ce & Space

25 Technical Challenge: Turning Observations into Knowledge Climate Products & Information

26 WMO OMM

27 Global Challenges We Share As society becomes more complex we become more sensitive to natural and human induced variability. sensitive to natural and human induced variability Global Hotspot study (World Bank with ProVention Consortium) Risk levels: Top 30%:Red; Middle 30%:yellow; Lowest 40%: Blue: 35 countries have more than 5% pop in areas at risk from three or more hazards 96 countries have more than 10% pop in areas at risk from two or more hazards

28 NHC Forecast and Analysis Challenges Biggest forecast challenge is rapid intensity change Limited skill at even analyzing TC structure t Critical to timing and placement of watches/warnings New GEO and LEO could help improve TC intensity forecast models 28

29 WMO OMM 29

30 --Number of satellite-borne instruments data were assimilated routinely by ECMWF --Expect enhanced satellite data utilization for improved climate prediction performance for Climate Services

31 WMO Space Programme contribution at both ends of the chain Space Segment analysis building on OSCAR/Space Identify CGMS missions with potential to deliver FCDRs (with ET/SAT) Encourage CGMS commitment to deliver and sustain such FCDRs Highlight gaps & prompt actions Usage scenarios in GFCS priority areas Identify end user requirements for climate services in key areas Infer the product requirements and specifications (with ET-SUP) Highlight gaps and prompt actions

32 Climate Monitoring: Realize Benefits through applications Understanding Analysis Consequences Observations Monitoring Validation Assimilation Initialization Models Predictions The Architecture with enhanced observations will motivate advances in understanding, prediction, and application.

33 WMO OMM Summary The initiative to develop a climate monitoring architecture has attracted widespread support from EO space agencies, with consensus achieved on the overall approach now in the implementation phase. The architecture t will provide the foundation for implementing the Observations and Monitoring pillar of GFCS, thus sustaining the provision ii of observations for climate services. built-in compliance assessment to requirements, traceability, flexibility, consistency

34 Thank You WMO OMM