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===== 7 = 3!"#$% 2011 5 ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH Vol. 7 No. 3 May 2011!"1673-1719 (2011) 03-0157-05!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"#$%&'()*+ NIO NIOIP NIOIQ R N=!"#$%&!'()L!"#$%&'()*+,-=RQNMMQ O=!

1 ===== 7 = 3!"#$% ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH Vol. 7 No. 3 May 2011!" (2011) !"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"#$%&'()*+ NIO NIOIP NIOIQ R N=!"#$%&!'()L!"#$%&'()*+,-=RQNMMQ O=!"#$% &'()*+,-=RQNMMQP=!"#! =QPMMTQQ=!"#$!!%&=QMMTNRR=!"#$%!"#$%=RRUQMM =!"#$CO 2!"#$!"#$%&'!()*+%&,-./! !8!"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"#$%&'()*+,353 t C!"#$%&'()#*+,$-./0!12345$678!"#$%&'()*+,-$%./01)234!"#$%&'()*+,-.!!"#$%&'()*+,-./012!!"!"#!!"P ==!"#A = ====!"#$%&' CO 2!"!"#$%&'!"#$%&'!"!"#!"#$%& CO 2 x12z!"#$%&'()1/3 x3z!" STB!"#$%&'()!"!"#$%& x1z!"#$%&'()*+, x47z ====!"!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$%&'()*+,-.!"#!"#$%&' (!"#$%&'()*+!"#!!"#$%&'()*+,- Blum x8z acobson x9z Gao x10z!!"#$%&'()*+,-!"#$%&'()*+ ====!"#$!"#$%& 344 km 2!" 1/3!"#$%! 1/7!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$ x1112z!"#$%&!"#$ x11i1315z 2090!"!"#$%&'()*+! !"#$%&' 4!"#$%&'(IGCP299IGCP379 IGCP44UIGCP513!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'!( IGCP379!"#$%!"#$%&'( x16z!"#$%&!"#$!"#!"#$%&'()*!"#!$%&'()!"#$%!"#$%&'()*+,-./!! = !!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'() !"#$% F! 1966!!"#$%!"#$%& hsych66@163.com Adv. Clim. Change Res., 2011, 7 (3):

2 ===== 158!"#$% = 2011!"#$%&'()*+",-./!"#$!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()* ====!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!"#!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$%&'()*+,-./01!" N==!"#$%&'( ====!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!"#$%&'!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*+, x17z m!"#$%&' 80%!"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#$%&'()*!"#$%!"#32.25 km 2!"#$%!"#$%&%'(!"#$%&!"#$%&'() Greenspan!"CDTP 300!"#$%!!"# ph E c!"#!"0.11 µs/cm0.01 m mm!"##$% 15 min ====!"#$%&'("#)!"ph!"#$!"#$%&!"#$ MeCO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O = Me ===(1) Me!"#$%&' Ca Mg ====!"#$%&'()!"!"#$ E c!"#$%&! E c!"#!!"# [ ] = E c (2) [ ] g/l ====!"#$%&'()*+ x18z (1)!"#$%& L CO 2!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'()*+,-.!(3)!"#$%&'()* x19z K cs = 0.5Q [ ] t 12/61 (3) K cs!"#kg CQ m 3 / t!"!12 61 C!" 0.5!"#$% L CO 2 O==!" OKN==!"#$%&'()*+, ==== !!"#$!"%!"#$%!!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'!"#!"#!$ 1 1=!"#$%&'()*+, Table 1 Results of hydrogeological monitoring and carbon sequestration estimation - /(mm/ ) /(10 3 m 3 / ) /(t C/ )! /(mm/ )! /% Adv. Clim. Change Res., 2011, 7 (3):

3 3!!"#$%&'()*+,-./ $%:;< /(mm/ ) /(10 3 m 3 / ) /(t C/ )! /(mm/ )! /% OKO==!"#$%&'( ==== 1!!"#$%&' %!"#$ mm67!"#$%&'350 mm!"#$ 37.7% 32.0%!"#$%&' 73.0 mm 1!"#$%&' 5!"!"#$!"#$%&'( 6 7!"#$%&'!"#$%&'!"#$%&'!"#$%&%'!"#$%&#'()*!"#$%!"#$%& x2021z!"#!"#$%&'(&)*+,-../0!"#$%&' OKP==!"#$%& ==== (3)!"#!"#!"#$!"#$$%&!" !!"#$%!&'()*+,-!"!"#$%&!"#!"#$%&'!"#1!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%&' x22z!"#!"#$%&'()*+!"#$% ====!"#$%!"#$%"&'(!"#$ 2 5!"#$% 7!"#$%&'(7!"#$%&'()*+!"#$% Q/(m 3 Ls) Q K CS / (10 3 kg C/s) 1!"#$%&'( (K cs ) (Q)!!" Fig. 1 The relationship between karst carbon sequestration (KCS) values and discharges, concerntration values at a storm time scale K CS / (t C/ ) C s = 0.02Q R 2 = !"#$%&'()*+,,- Fig. 2 The relationship of monthly KCS values with discharges!"#$%&'()* ====!"#$!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&'()*+!"#$%&&'( )!"#$%#&'()*+! Q/(m 3 L ) = L(mg/L) Adv. Clim. Change Res., 2011, 7 (3):

4 ===== 160!"#$% 2011!"#$%&'(!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*$+,-./!"#!"#$%&'()*+ P=== (1)!"#$%&'()*+,-.#!!"#$%&'()*+,- (2)!"#$%&'()!"#$!"#$%&!"#$%!"!"#$! [1],,. CO 2!"#$%&'()*+,- =[].!"#, 2001, 25 (5): [2] Siegenthaler U, Sarmiento L. Atmospheric carbon dioxide and the ocean []. Nature, 1993, 365 (6442): [3],,!,.!"#$%&'()*+, [].!, 2002 (1): [4] Kump L, Alley R. Global chemical weathering on glacial time scales [M]//National Research Council. Material fluxes on the surface of the earth. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1994: 4660 [5] Hartmann, ansen N, Du rr H H, et al. Global CO 2 -consumption by chemical weathering: what is the contribution of highly active weathering regions? []. Global and Planetary Change, 2009, 69 (4): [6] Gaillardet, Dupre B, Louvat P, et al. Global silicate weathering and CO 2 consumption rates deduced from the chemistry of large rivers []. Chemical Geology, 1999, 159 (14): 330 [7] Probst, Mortatti, Tardy Y. Carbon river fluxes and weathering CO 2 consumption in the Congo and Amazon River basins[]. Applied Geochemistry, 1994, 9 (1): 113 [8] Blum, Gazis C, acobson A, et al. Carbonate versus silicate weathering in the Raikhot watershed within the High Himalayan Crystalline Series[]. Geology, 1998, 26 (5): [9] acobson A D, Blum D, Walter L M. Reconciling the elemental and Sr isotope composition of Himalayan weathering fluxes: insights from the carbonate geochemistry of stream waters []. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2002, 66 (19): [10] Gao Q, Tao Z, Huang X, et al. Chemical weathering and CO 2 consumption in the Xijiang River basin, South China []. Geomorphology, 2009,106 (34): [11].!"#$%=[].!", 1993 (1): 16 [12] Yuan D, Zhang C. Karst processes and the carbon cycle: final report of IGCP 379 [M]. Bingjing: Geological Publishing House, 2002: 34 [13],,. GIS!"#$%&'()* CO 2 =[].!, 2000, 19 (3): [14].!"#$%&'(%)*+=[].!", 2001, 21 (3): [15],.!"#$%&'(&)CO 2!"#$ [].!, 1997, 42 (9): [16] Goldscheider N, Yuexia W, Baker P. Yuan Daoxian: an interview with a distinguished hydrogeologist from China []. Hydrogeology ournal, 2008, 16 (8): [17].!"#$%&'()=[M].= :!"#$, 1987: 3 [18] Fetter C W. Applied hydrogeology [M]. 4th ed. New ersey: Prentice Hall Inc, 2001: 58 [19] Liu Z, Dreybrodt W, Wang H. A new direction in effective accounting for the atmospheric CO 2 budget: considering the combined action of carbonate dissolution, the global water cycle and photosynthetic uptake of DIC by aquatic organisms []. Earth-Science Reviews, 2010, 99 (34): [20],,,.!"#$%&'()*+,-!"#$%&'()*+,-.=[].!"#, 2002, 16 (5): 9295 [21],,,.!"#$%&'()*+,"- [].!", 2008, 19 (1): 7277 [22],,.!"#$%& '(%)*+,=[].!, 1999, 18 (2): Adv. Clim. Change Res., 2011, 7 (3):

5 3!!"#$%&'()*+,-./ $%:;< 161 The Utilization of Real-Time High Resolution Mornitoring Skill in Karst Carbon Sequestration: A Case of the Station in Banzhai Subterranean Stream Catchment He Shiyi 1, 2, Kang Zhiqiang 1, 2, 3, Li Qingyan 1, 2, 4, Xiong Zhibin 5 (1 Karst Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences / Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Land and Resources, Guilin , China; 2 International Research Centre on Karst, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Guilin , China; 3 Studies of Environmental School, China University of Geosciences, Whuhan , China; 4 College of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing , China; 5 The Management of Maolan National Nature Reserve of Guizhou, Libo , China) Abstract: The karst process is carbon sequestration for atmosphere CO 2. Karst carbon sequestration (KCS) value depends on the discharge of karst catchment and inorganic carbon concentration of water body. Based on the data from the mornitoring station on Banzhai subterranean stream located in Maolan National Nature Reserve of Guizhou, the influcent factors of KCS have been analyzed. It shows that the KCS is about 353 t C per year in the catchment of Banzhai subterranean stream, and there is good liner relationship between KCS and discharge at different time scales. Therefore, how to mornitor the discharge accurately is the key to KCS estimation. And the stations with realtime monitoring function are very important for KCS calculation because of strong seasonal variability of karst water cycle. Key words: karst carbon sequestration; monitoring; Banzhai subterranean stream; discharge; rainfall;!"#$%&' (!" ====!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'(!"#Gamburtsev Mountain Range!!"#$%&'!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&!"#$%&'!"#!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*+ ====!"!"#$%&'()*+,-.!"#$%&'()*+,-./0'1!"#$%&'"()*+,-./01!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*+,!"#$%&!"#!"#$%&' AGAP ====!"#$%=AGAP!"#$%&'() A!"#$%&'()*!"#$%&'#!()!"#$%&' Twin Otter!"#$%&'(!"!!"#$%&'( ====!"#$%&'()* +,-./01!"#$%&'(!"#$%&!"#$$%&'()*+,!"#$$!"#$%&'(!"#$%!"#!"#$%&'()* Robin Bell!"#$%&'()*+,-./0!!"#$%&!"#$%&'!"#!"#$%&'(!"#$ ====!!"!Science!"#!"#$%&!"#$%&'()*! 1/2Bell!"#!"#$%&!"#$%&'() ====!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'(!"#$%#&'()*+,-./ !"!"#$!%&'()*#+ Donald Blankenship!"#$%&'(!"#$%&'()*+,#-./!"#!"#$%&'()*+,-!"#$%&= =! Kintisch Adv. Clim. Change Res., 2011, 7 (3):

Climate Change, Water Resources and Water Environment

Climate Change, Water Resources and Water Environment Zhang Cheng Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS International Research Center on Karst (IRCK) Email: chzhang@karst.ac.cn 22 Feb. 2012 Contents 1. Climate