Green Urbanism in Asia: Can Asian Cities Lead the World in Reducing Their Resource and Waste Footprint?

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1 Green Urbanism in Asia: Can Asian Cities Lead the World in Reducing Their Resource and Waste Footprint? Peter Newman Professor of Sustainability Curtin University, Australia

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3 State Sustainability Strategy

4 Economic waves The next era of innovation.the Green Economy

5 Key innovations for green urbanism 1 Renewable Energy City 2 Carbon Neutral City 3 Distributed City 4 Biophilic City 5 Eco-Efficient City 6 Place-Based City 7 Sustainable Transport City All involve reductions in resource and waste footprint

6 1. Renewable Energy City North Terrace Solar Precinct Adelaide Solar City

7 Pixel Building in Melbourne zero carbon building next precincts

8 Zero carbon cities are happening MasdarCity: the first built from scratch

9 China and India leading the way on renewables. Indian wind power 5 th in the world. 12,000 MW

10 Rankings on investment in renewables, China $34,600 million, 147% growth in 5 yrs 2 US $18,600 million, 103% 3 UK $11,200 million, 127% 10 India $2,300 million, 70% 14 Australia $1,000 million, 63% China 40% of global PV production

11 The emerging green economies.china and India

12 Dezhousolar city

13 China has the largest high speed rail system in the world 8538 km They began to build it in 2007! Includes Shanghai Maglev

14 A serious goal

15 Part of a longer term trend

16 Its not likely to be China that holds up the transition to a low carbon economy

17 2. CARBON NEUTRAL CITIES Bioregional connections, eg Gondwana Links.

18 Fully accredited scheme soon

19 All UK land development must be carbon neutral by Beddington Zero-Energy Development, London

20 Many Asian biomass energy projects

21 3. Biophillic City landscaping buildings, air conditioning the city

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25 4. Distributed City Sydney Green Transformers

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27 Centralisedenergy is wasteful and dumb

28 Wasted heat energy Generation Process Wasted hot water 2/3 of energy produced is wasted!

29 Transmission and Distribution Further 7% energy lost from T&D

30 Centrally sourced Treated to drinking standard Wastewater pumped out Treated again & discharged into waterways & out to sea Conventional Water Management

31 Conventional Waste Management

32 CentralisedInfrastructure Resources enter cities Energy Water Waste Exists as waste Essentially a linear metabolism, systems function largely in isolation Resources pumped through cities and urban systems with little regard by consumers to their origin or destination (Giradet 2004)

33 The new low carbon approach

34 Closing loops Creating a circular metabolism Through decentralised green infrastructure

35 What is Green Infrastructure? Alternative modes of: Power and water supply Wastewater and solid waste treatment Also any infrastructure that improves sustainability of our built environment (i.e. public transport, biophillic roofs/walls) Typically based on decentralised systems

36 Decentralised Systems Small scale systems for energy water and waste Most efficient at the precinct/neighbourhood level Typically requires higher precinct density Greater integration between systems

37 Decentralised Energy Co + Tri-generation 1. Produces electricity using natural gas (can be replaced with renewable sources) 2. Waste heat captured and used to heat neighbouring buildings (co-generation) 3. Add absorption chiller, provides air conditioning to buildings (tri-generation) Over 85% Efficiency! 1. Can provide cheaper energy

38 Decentralised Waste Management Greater resource recovery I.e. reusing, recycling Local composting of organic waste Putting nutrients back into land/agriculture Plasma Arc gasification Plasma Arc gasification Creating renewable syngas Municipal vacuum waste collection

39 Decentralised Water Management Sourcing and treating water locally Process reduces carbon

40 How should the infrastructure in NZ and Japanese cities be rebuilt? Its time for myriad decentralised, small scale, clean-tech powered, infotech-enabled ways, New Zealand Professor Dushko Bogunovich

41 Cockburn Coast Study with PB and Kinesis (21 st century design tool)

42 55% less carbon for $5600 per dwelling

43 Singapore CBD localised water supply

44 Centralisedsystems will never be possible in mega cities, so are slowly becoming distributed eg Lippo Village Jakarta

45 Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm 5. Eco Efficient City

46 Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm Closing the loop with industry

47 Eco Efficient City involves. Factor 4 10 efficiencies Industrial ecology Closing the loop governance Cradle to Cradle cities

48 Industrial ecology -Kwinana Synergies project 180 resource exchanges more than Kalundborg. Multiple economic and environmental benefits. Waste water recycling now.

49 Singapore waste strategy.

50 Singapore eco-efficiency.

51 New SongdoCity

52 Nanjing Eco High-Tech Island

53 26 Eco-Towns Project in Japan

54 Many small scale closed loop systems in Asia.

55 ManavSadhnaactivity centre Ahmedabad, India

56 Trashion.

57 6. Place based cities The importance of local identity in the city

58 Place Based Cities Local food

59 Green economy symbol, CheonggyecheonRiver in Seoul, buried under freeway

60 6 ー 1 CheonggyecheonArea after Restoration (

61 Cheonggyecheon symbol of the green economy President Lee

62 Marina Bay on reclaimed land

63 Pasig River, Manila, reclamation Pasig River warriors

64 Green School, Bali from local materials

65 7. Sustainable Transport City San Diego s Solar Groves shading a parking lot don t forget transport

66 Peak Car Use Global Cities Database on 100 cities.

67 Peak Car Use -US cities... Declining in car use 4.3% in past year, plateau over the past 5 years. Increasing transit use 6.5% in past year. Cities coming back in

68 Global growth now in rail 82 Chinese cities building metros and high speed rail between cities 14 Indian cities building metros Middle east cities building rail for first time

69 What about the emerging cities? Shanghai 1990 and 2010

70 1990 s -Flirting with the American model

71 Rapidly filled So what can be done?

72 Shanghai Metro 12 lines, 273 stations, 420km covering 80% of metro area Built mostly since 2000; carries 8 million per day

73 Global growth now in rail 82 Chinese cities building metros and high speed rail between cities 14 Indian cities building metros Middle east cities building rail for first time

74 Will Asia lead? About two thirds of the $8.0 trillion needed for infrastructure investment in Asia and the Pacific between 2010 and 2020 will be in the form of new infrastructure, which creates tremendous opportunities to design, finance and manage infrastructure according to principles of sustainability, accessibility, eco-efficiency and social inclusiveness (United Nations and Asian Development Bank, 2012, p.54).

75 Nielsen Global Survey of Corporate Citizenship in 2011 covering 28,000 consumers across 56 countries found that Asia-Pacific came out the top region main cause was environmental sustainability.

76 The Asian century and the Green Economy coming together